UNIVERSITY OF WAH, WAH CANTT

Department of Computer Science

LAB # 04

CS-342 Database Applications Lab Instructor: Rida Zahra

Name: Ali Hassan Reg N0: uw-m-cs-bs-116

Case Manipulation Function Run Dual Queries:

What do the following Case-manipulation functions do, understand by running:

1. Convert a string to lowercase:

SELECT LOWER (‘STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE’) FROM Dual;

2. Convert a string to uppercase:

SELECT UPPER (‘structured query language’) FROM Dual;

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Department of Computer Science

3. Convert a string to first letter in upper case of every word:

SELECT INITCAP (‘structured query language’) FROM Dual;

CHARACTER MANIPULATION FUNCTION

Character-manipulation functions are as follows:

SELECT CONCAT(‘Hello’, ’World’) FROM dual;

SELECT SUBSTR(‘Helloworld’,1,5) FROM dual;

 UNIVERSITY OF WAH, WAH CANTT

Department of Computer Science

SELECT LENGTH(‘Helloworld’) FROM dual;

SELECT INSTR(‘Helloworld’,’w’) FROM dual;

SELECT LPAD(‘ORACLE’,10,’*’) , RPAD(‘ORACLE’,10,’*’) FROM dual;

SELECT TRIM( ‘H’ FROM ‘Helloworld’) FROM dual;

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Department of Computer Science

SELECT REPLACE(job_id, 'IT_PROG','PROG') FROM employees;

NUMBER FUNCTIONS

Below are a few examples showing use of Number Functions: ROUND, TRUNC, MOD

SELECT ROUND (45.4), ROUND (45.458,1), ROUND (50.345,2) FROM dual;

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Department of Computer Science

SELECT ROUND (54, -1), ROUND (55, -1), ROUND (49, -2) FROM dual;

SELECT TRUNC(45.4), TRUNC(45.5), TRUNC(45.458,1) FROM dual;

SELECT TRUNC(54,-1), TRUNC(55,-1), TRUNC(51,-2) FROM dual;

SELECT last_name, salary, MOD (salary, 5000) FROM employees;

 UNIVERSITY OF WAH, WAH CANTT

Department of Computer Science

Usind Date Function

SELECT MONTHS_BETWEEN ('01-JAN-2022','01-JAN-2021') FROM DUAL;

SELECT ADD_MONTHS ('01-JAN-2022' ,'3') FROM DUAL;

 UNIVERSITY OF WAH, WAH CANTT

Department of Computer Science

SELECT NEXT_DAY ('01-MAR-2022' ,'wednesday') FROM DUAL;

SELECT LAST_DAY ('01-FEB-2022') FROM DUAL;

Task.1:

Run the following programs to get familiar with the date format.

Default Date Format

a) SELECT last_name, hire_date FROM employees WHERE department_id= 30;
Screenshot:
 UNIVERSITY OF WAH, WAH CANTT

Department of Computer Science

To See Current Date

b) SELECT SYSDATE FROM dual;
Screenshot:

Arithmetic with Dates

c) SELECT last_name, (SYSDATE-hire_date)/7 AS WEEKS FROM employees WHERE
department_id = 30;
Screenshot:

d) SELECT SYSDATE + 23 FROM dual;

 UNIVERSITY OF WAH, WAH CANTT

Department of Computer Science

Screenshot:

THANK YOU…!!!