What is System Catalog?

The system catalog is a collection of tables and views that contain important information about a
database. A system catalog is available for each database.

What is metadata?

Set of data that describes and gives information about another data. In other words, data about
data is called metadata.

Database is a collection or group of inter-related data.

DDL: DDL is Data Definition Language which is used to define the database and schema
structure by using some set of SQL Queries like CREATE, ALTER, TRUNCATE, DROP and
RENAME.

DCL: DCL is Data Control Language which is used to control the access of the users inside the
database by using some set of SQL Queries like GRANT and REVOKE.

DML: DML is Data Manipulation Language which is used to do some manipulations in the
database like Insertion, Deletion, etc. by using some set of SQL Queries like SELECT, INSERT,
DELETE and UPDATE.

Q #6) What is the purpose of SQL?

Answer: SQL stands for Structured Query Language whose main purpose is to interact with the
relational databases in the form of inserting and updating/modifying the data in the database.

Q #7) Explain the concepts of a Primary key and Foreign Key.

Answer: Primary Key is used to uniquely identify the records in a database table while Foreign
Key is mainly used to link two or more tables together, as this is a particular field(s) in one of the
database tables which are the primary key of some other table.

Human Resource Information System/HRIS/ is a set of interrelated components working

together to collect, process፣ store and disseminate information to support HR decision making,
coordination and control in an organization. It is a merger between Human Resource activities
and processes with the information technology field. Its basic focus is to provide managers with
appropriate knowledge, information and tools to assist them manage their staff effectively.
Objectives

 To add, update and view employee’s information 

 To keep track of employee’s detail Information
 To process leave and leave related reports
 To process employee’s professional license data and synchronize with license data
from the regions
 To handle training related information
 To generate different types of user defined report based on different criteria we want
HRIS software is based on modular architecture and consists of the following
modules:

1 Administration Module, 2. Personnel Module, 3. Leave Module, 4. License Module, 5.

Performance Module, 6. Training Module, 7. Report Module

Some of the major advantages of DBMS

 Control data redundancy

 Data independency
 Data consistency
 Data security
 Data integrity
 Backup and recovering services

What is database management system? A database management system is a collection of

inter-related data and a set of programs to manipulate those data.

What is record?

It is a collection of logically related fields.

And we also say that record consists of values for ech field.

What is file?

It is a collection related records, which arranged in a specific sequence.

A Database Management System (DBMS) is basically a collection of programs that enables
users to store, modify, and extract information from a database as per the requirements.

Naïve Users: These are the users who are constantly querying and updating the database. E.g.
Bank clerk, Railway clerk፣ 2. Casual Users: These are the people who use the database
occasionally. E.g. ATM users. 3. Sophisticated Users: People who use for their complex
requirements. E.g. Business and Financial analyst. 4. Standalone Users: These are the users who
maintain and use the database for their personal queries.

End User: These days all the modern applications, web or mobile, store user data. How do you
think they do it? Yes, applications are programmed in such a way that they collect user data and
store the data on DBMS systems running on their server.

Ethiopian health system is composed of six main building blocks:

 Health service delivery;

 Health workforces;
 Health information system;
 Health financing,
 Medical technologies (including pharmaceutical products; vaccines and other
technologies);
 Leadership & governance.

Health workforce should work in a responsive, fair and efficient ways in order to achieves better
health outcomes. The performance of health workforce depends on production, distribution and
retention of trained health workforce in the health system.