MATH 111 PS 2

1. Prove each of the given set of statements from the given premises.
W V
(a) Premises: p q ) s t; p
V
Prove s t (Use direct proof)
W
(b) Premises: es; p ) s; ep q ) w
Prove w(Use direct proof)
(c) Premises: p )en; ep )es; s; r ) n
Prove er(Use proof by contradiction)
W
(d) Premises: p r; p ) s; r ) s
Prove s (by contradiction)
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(e) Premises: ep q; r )eq
Prove p )er

2. Show that the followings are tautologies.

V
(a) (e(p ) q)) , (p eq)
(b) (e(p , q)) , (ep , q)
V
(c) (ep (p ) q)) )ep
V
(d) [(p ) q) eq] )ep

3. Write each of the following statements using variable and quanti…er

Negate each statement

(a) Every rational number is a real number

(b) The product of two rational numbers is rational.
(c) If x and y are irrational, then x + y is irrational.
(d) The cube root of any integer is irrational.

4. Write the negations of

(a) 8x [x 6= 0 =) (x2 > 0)]

(b) 9x; x2 < 0:
(c) 8x [x2 + 25 = (x 5)(x + 5)]
(d) If p is a prime number then there is a prime larger than p:
(e) Let x be an integer. If x2 is even then x is even.
(f) Some men are soldiers and all men are slaves.

5. Let p; q; r denote propositions. Construct truth tables for each of the following propo-
sitions
 (a) p ) (p ) q)
V W V
(b) (p ) (q r)) (ep q)
V V V
(c) (p q) ) [(q eq) ) (r q)]

6. Form the negation of each of the following quanti…ed statements

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(a) (8x)(p(x) q(x))
(b) (8x)(p(x) ) q(x))
(c) (8x)(p(x) () q(x))

7. Write each of these statements using variables and quanti…ers and then negate each
statement.

(a) Every rational number is a real number.

(b) If x and y are irrational then x + y is irrational.
(c) The derivative of a constant function is zero.

8. Prove by contrapositive that if x = 2 then 2x+3 = 32

9. Translate the following composite sentences into symbolic notation, using letters to
stand for simple sentences

(a) I shall go either by bus or by taxi

(b) John will sit and he or George will wait
(c) He is neither tall nor handsome
(d) Marc is poor or else he is both rich and unhappy

10. Let C be "Today is clear", R be "It is raining today", S be "It is snowing today" and
Y be "Yesterday was cloudy". Translate the following into acceptable English.
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(a) C )e(R S)
(b) Y () C
V V
(c) Y (C R)
W
(d) (Y ) R) C
V W
(e) C () (R eS) Y
V W
(f) (C () R) (eS Y )