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SEMINAR OUTLINE

 Basics  Horizontal MJs

 Corners (inside)  Cement-Based Veneers

MASONRY 


Corners (outside)

Openings (CMU walls)




Sealant Color Selection

Summary

MOVEMENT JOINTS  Openings (Veneer)

Sunup Mathew SE, LEED AP

1 4

SEMINAR OUTLINE BASICS

 Basics  Horizontal MJs 1) all buildings move

 Corners (inside)  Cement-Based Veneers 2) CMU shrink

 Corners (outside)  Sealant Color Selection 3) clay brick expand

 Openings (CMU walls)  Summary

 Openings (Veneer)

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MASONRY MATERIAL MOVEMENT CHARACTERISTICS LOCATE MOVEMENT JOINTS | DESIGNER’S RESPONSIBILITY

architectural precast (shrink)
brick (clay) (expand) TMS 402, Section 1.2.1
• Show all code-required drawing items on the project drawings, including:
brick (concrete)
(h) Provisions for dimensional changes resulting from elastic
calcium silicate (1) deformation, creep, shrinkage, temperature, and moisture
cast stone
= shrinkage concrete masonry unit (CMU) TMS 402, Section 12.1.6.3
• Design and detail the veneer to accommodate differential movement.”
= expansion E.I.F.S.
fiber cement stone TMS 602 - Mandatory Requirements Checklist – “Notes
(1) stone is essentially inert but
may expand due to hysteresis, manufactured stone (thin) to Architect / Engineer”, Part 3, 3.3 D.6, page S-85
thermal, or other factors
natural stone (1)
• Indicate type and location of movement joints on the
terra cotta
project drawings.”
tile (ceramic)

8 9

MOVEMENT JOINTS | TYPES WHERE TO SHOW MJ IN CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS

 “Control Joint”  “Expansion Joint”
• in cement-based products • in products that expand • CMU back-up wall CJ’s on plans (1)
do not need to be completely need to be clear of mortar
• veneer MJ’s on elevations
• • (2)
clear of mortar (1)

 “Isolation Joint”  “Building Expansion Joint”

• separates walls with different • not specific to masonry
bearing conditions
• between buildings
• segment long buildings

(1) needs to be clear enough for installation of backer rod & sealant, typically ¾” min. rake (1) typically located by structural engineer
(2) typically located by architect

10 11
14
12

expansion joint
CONTROL JOINTS REDUCE IN-PLANE SHEAR CAPACITY

joint
control
one additional CJ results in a 33% reduction of in-plane shear capacity

(1) in modern cavity walls

VENEER MJ DOES NOT NEED TO ALIGN WITH BACK-UP WALL MJ (1)

15
13

align with movement joints in the veneer

control joints in the backup wall do not need to
SHOW CMU CONTROL JOINTS ON PLAN

Masonry Drawing & Specification Review for: Walsh Masonry (Bryant Ebert). Cristo Rey Jesuit High School. September 25, 2019. pconway@imiweb.org
sheet 4 of 10

This plan and specification review is not intended to be comprehensive of all masonry details on this project. This document is intended for the use of
industry professionals who are competent to evaluate the significance and limitations of the information provided herein. This publication should not be
used as the sole guide for masonry design and construction, and IMI disclaims any and all legal responsibility for the consequences of applying the
information. It is important to note that details and construction practices vary based on geographical requirements and area practice. Masonry walls
and elements must be adapted for each specific project. There are many typical details and practices, however, designers and contractors need to
coordinate each detail with the unique elements of the building.
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MOVEMENT JOINT WIDTH

CMU
3/8” wide

16 17

ISOLATION JOINT ISOLATION JOINT

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MOVEMENT JOINT LOCATIONS EXPANSION JOINT SPACING | CLAY BRICK VENEER

Near Openings
Around Corners
Opening Perimeter
source recommendation
Mid-Wall BIA (1) 20' - 25'
Ends of steel lintels (1)

IMI (2) 18' – 25'

Wall/Structure
Interface

In-Plane Wing Wall

Height/Mass Change

Wing Wall Inside Corner (1) Brick Industry Association (BIA) – Technical Note 18A (2019). 20’-0” spacing in facades with multiple openings
(2) International Masonry Institute (2010). Use lower end of range when using bricks that are: new, dark-colored,
(1) if steel lintel extends past the jamb opening, not recommended large, exposed to abundant heat gain, used in facades with multiple openings

22 23

CONTROL JOINT SPACING | CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS (CMU) NCMA MOVEMENT CONTROL TECHNICAL GUIDES
source recommendation
NCMA (1) (wall) 1.5x wall height,
not to exceed 25’-0”

NCMA (2) (veneer) 1.5x wall height,

not to exceed 20’-0”

NCMA TEK 10-1A NCMA TEK 10-2D NCMA TEK 10-3 NCMA TEK 10-4
(general) (empirical method) (engineered method) (veneers)
(1) National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA), TEK 10-1A , 10-2D, 10-3
(2) National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA), TEK 10-4

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ENGINEERED METHOD ENGINEERED METHOD

• Limit crack width to 0.02 in.
• Keep steel stresses in elastic range
• Tension in the masonry (Tm = FtAn) just prior to crack formation must be less
than the yield strength of the steel (Ts= fyAs)

• Average Tensile strength of masonry = 112 psi

• fy = yield strength of steel reinforcement = 60,000 psi
• AS ≥ 0.0019 An

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ENGINEERED METHOD OF MOVEMENT CONTROL (1) MOVEMENT JOINT SPACING | NATURAL STONE, ANCHORED (1) (2)
61’ TALL X 201’ LONG
12” Lightweight CMU

All Masonry Lintels

No Control Joints

10 Working Days (2)

(1) NCMA TEK 10-3 (1) Dimension Stone Design Manual, v8, (2016), Vertical Surface/Exterior Veneer, section 2.6, page 15-7
(2) 8/4 crew (2) vertical movement joints in natural stone veneers commonly respect 25’-30’ +/- spacing, or as determined by EOR

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ADHERED VENEER MJ LOCATIONS ADHERED VENEER MJ LOCATIONS | SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS

• Align w/ backing MJ and backing changes
• Veneer area limitations set by referenced standards or calculated by
• Inside corners engineer
• Floor lines
• Horizontal MJ may be required to accommodate differential
• At dissimilar materials movement (especially with wood structures)
• window/door frames, other veneer
• Delineate areas not more than 144 sf (1) • Veneer MJs extends completely thru backing system
• 18’-0” max. in either direction, or • Sometimes required MJ in backing dictates veneer MJ locations
length-to-width ratio of 1: 2.5 (2)
• req’d MJ in sheathing per manufacturer (ex: cement board)
• Special considerations
• backing changes
(1) ASTM C1063-12C. 100 SF at horizontal applications (ceilings, curves, angled structures)
(2) ASTM C1063-12C. Installation of Lathing and Furring to Receive Interior and Exterior Portland
Cement-Based Plaster

30 31

MOVEMENT JOINT SPACING | CEMENT BOARD BACKING SEMINAR OUTLINE

• 12’ o.c. – ceramic tile
 Basics  Horizontal MJs
• 16’ o.c. – other adhered veneer
• 30’ o.c. – interior applications  Corners (inside)  Cement-Based Veneers

• Also, located @  Corners (outside)  Sealant Color Selection

• Framing expansion joints
• Changes in framing  Openings (CMU walls)  Summary
• Changing in building shape
• Window/door frames  Openings (Veneer)
• Corners

source: PermaBase Cement Board Construction Guide (2015)

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INSIDE CORNER MOVEMENT JOINT

34 35

SAMPLE SPECIFICATION LANGUAGE | INSIDE CORNERS INSIDE CORNER EXPANSION JOINT

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GOOD PLACE FOR AN INSIDE CORNER EXPANSION JOINT GOOD PLACE FOR AN INSIDE CORNER EXPANSION JOINT

rake mortar 3/4 “ min.

for installation of
backer rod & sealant

38 39

INSIDE CORNER MJ | CASE STUDY INSIDE CORNER MJ | CASE STUDY

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INSIDE CORNER MJ | CASE STUDY SEMINAR OUTLINE

 Basics  Horizontal MJs

 Corners (inside)  Cement-Based Veneers

 Corners (outside)  Sealant Color Selection

 Openings (CMU walls)  Summary

 Openings (Veneer)

42 44

CORNER CRACK IN CLAY BRICK | EJ’S TOO FAR AWAY FROM CORNERS VAGUE SPECIFICATION TEXT MAY CREATE CRACKS
Expansion 20' 20' 20' 20' 20'
crack
crack
20'
100'
20' 60'
Expansion

20' "Install expansion joints 20'-0" on-center."

building plan

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CORNER EJ PLACEMENT | INDUSTRY GUIDELINE CASE STUDY | CORNER CRACKS

crack

(1) Image source: Brick Industry Association (BIA) – Technical Note 18A (2019)

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CASE STUDY | CORNER CRACKS MJ CASE STUDY | CORNER CRACKS

MJ
23’-8”

17’-4”

crack

crack

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MJ PLACEMENT EXAMPLE EJ PLACEMENT EXAMPLE

Isolation Joint
Loose Lintel Above Roof

Inside Corner
Bond Break,
Sealant

Additional MJs in short bands

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SEMINAR OUTLINE CJ PLACEMENT | REINFORCED CMU WALL

CJ CJ
 Basics  Horizontal MJs

 Corners (inside)  Cement-Based Veneers

horizontal joint reinforcement
 Corners (outside)  Sealant Color Selection

 Openings (CMU walls)  Summary

 Openings (Veneer)
the horizontal portion of the control joint is pinned by the vertical
reinforcement and will not allow movement

source: National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA), TEK 10-2C (2010) & 10-3 (2003)

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CMU CRACKS | SINGLE-WYTHE WALL (1) CMU CRACKS | SINGLE-WYTHE WALL (1)

crack

(1) single-wythe 12” CMU wall @ car dealership service center (1) single-wythe 12” CMU wall @ car dealership service center

55 56

LOCATE CJ BETWEEN OPENINGS | WHEN POSSIBLE (1) LOCATE CJ BOTH SIDES OF CMU OPENINGS

~ 25’-0”

(1) when spacing between openings exceeds recommended spacing

(1) unless spacing exceeds recommended distance. If this applies, locate either side of
openings (2) 16” to 24” away from opening jamb

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MASONRY LINTELS | SPEED, COST, DURABILITY ADVANTAGES COMPLICATED & DYSFUNCTIONAL CJ LAYOUT

59 60

SIMPLIFIED CJ LAYOUT (1) DO NOT USE STEEL LINTELS IN CMU WALLS (1)

(1) unless there is not enough courses available for effective section
(1) utilizing “engineered method” of movement control (NCMA TEK 10-3)

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OVERLY COMPLICATED ASSEMBLY (1) USE MASONRY LINTELS IN CMU WALLS (1)

CJ CJ

(1) less robust wall, slows down production/increased cost, greater risk of cracks
due to differentially moving materials (1) stronger wall, simplified crack control, reduce cost, speed up construction

63 64

USE MASONRY LINTELS (1) SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCTION W/MASONRY LINTELS (1)

(1) simplified crack control, reduce cost, speed up construction (1) simplified crack control, reduce cost, speed up construction

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SIMPLIFIED CONSTRUCTION W/MASONRY LINTELS (1) SEMINAR OUTLINE

 Basics  Horizontal MJs

 Corners (inside)  Cement-Based Veneers

 Corners (outside)  Sealant Color Selection

 Openings (CMU walls)  Summary

 Openings (Veneer)

(1) simplified crack control, reduce cost, speed up construction

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“LOOSE” VS. “ATTACHED” VENEER LINTELS (1) WIDE FLANGE STEEL LINTEL (1) (2)

Loose Lintel Attached lintel

(1) beam bottom plate extending past opening jamb
(1) “attached/fixed” veneer lintels are those fastened to the back-up wall
(2) not recommended

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WIDE FLANGE STEEL LINTELS (1) (2) VENEER ANGLE ATTACHED TO BACK-UP WALL (1) (2)

(1) beam bottom plate extending past opening jamb (1) recommended to align lintel end with opening jamb
(2) not recommended (2) explore loose lintel options with different steel shape or compound steel shapes

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VENEER ANGLE ATTACHED TO BACK-UP WALL MJ PLACEMENT OPTIONS | LOOSE LINTELS

1) End of lintel

2) Aligned with opening jamb

3) Between openings

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COMMON PREFERENCE | LOOSE LINTEL MOVEMENT JOINTS @ LOOSE LINTEL

Loose Lintel
Sealant

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L-SHAPE SEALANT PATTERN | LOOSE LINTEL DO NOT INSTALL MORTAR AT TOE OF LOOSE LINTEL

diagram source: Brick Industry Association (BIA) – Technical Note 18A (2019)

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L-SHAPE SEALANT PATTERN | LOOSE LINTEL
REASON TO INSTALL GAP AT OPENING FRAMES
• Accommodate differential
movement
• Provide sealant joint for
moisture control

79 80

INADEQUATE GAPS AT FRAMES

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PROPER MOVEMENT JOINT AT FRAME MJ OFFSETS OK

3/8” min. gap

recommended

83 84

SEMINAR OUTLINE HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT JOINTS

• Base-of-Wall (1)
 Basics  Horizontal MJs
• Veneer Material Changes
 Corners (inside)  Cement-Based Veneers
• Aligned with Back-Up Wall Transitions
 Corners (outside)  Sealant Color Selection • Under Shelf Angles

 Openings (CMU walls)  Summary • Top-of-Wall (2)

 Openings (Veneer) • Tall Adhered Veneer Structures

(1) typically achieved with flashing

(2) between last course of veneer and top-of-wall wood blocking (wood support walls)

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HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT JOINT | SHELF ANGLE HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT JOINT | CMU INFILL WALLS

Typical Up-Lipped Down-Lipped

Brick Brick Brick

87 88

HORIZONTAL MOVEMENT JOINT | CMU INFILL WALLS HORIZONTAL MJ (BOND BREAK) | DIFFERENT VENEER MATERIALS

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HORIZONTAL MJ (BOND BREAK) | DIFFERENT VENEER MATERIALS HORIZONTAL MJ (BOND BREAK) | DIFFERENT VENEER MATERIALS

91 92

HORIZONTAL MJ (BOND BREAK) | DIFFERENT VENEER MATERIALS SEALANT JOINT PROFILE

W (2)

rake mortar 3/4 “ min. for installation 1/3W – 1/2W

of backer rod & sealant

2W – 2.5W
backing material (1)

mortar (3)
plastic bond break

(1) backer rod 30% larger than joint width

(2) 3/8” min. for cement-based units, 1/2 “ min. for clay
brick
(3) raked mortar joint, mortar optional between sill or top-of-wall units

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EFFECTS OF BACKER MATERIAL POSITIONING 5-STORY CLAY BRICK VENEER/ WOOD STRUCTURE

image source: Tremco

95 96

5-STORY CLAY BRICK VENEER/ WOOD STRUCTURE 5-STORY CLAY BRICK VENEER/ WOOD STRUCTURE

2” gap
(movement joint)

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TOP-OF-VENEER MJ | WOOD STURCTURE DETAIL FOR EXPECTED DIFFERENTIAL MOVEMENT

gap estimate (a) = 0.0009 x brick panel height
ex: 0.0009 x (30' x 12") = 1/4" ++ (2)
Code Commentary 12.1.2 (d) (3)
“When utilizing anchored masonry veneer,
the designer should consider: differential
movement in the design, detailing, and
construction.”
vent

(4)
Brick Industry Association
"Install metal caps or copings that allow
independent vertical movement of
wythes." (1)

(1) Brick Industry Association (BIA), Technical Note 18A , Nov, 2006
(2) plus joint filler or backer rod compressibility factor, plus tolerance, 1/2" minimum gap
(3) TMS 402/602 - 2016 source: RDH
(4) compressible filler or backer rod & caulk

99 100

HORIZONTAL MJ | ADHERED VENEER OVER WOOD STRUCTURE HORIZONTAL MJ | ADHERED VENEER OVER WOOD STRUCTURE

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HORIZONTAL MJ | ADHERED VENEER OVER WOOD STRUCTURE HORIZONTAL MJ | ADHERED VENEER OVER WOOD STRUCTURE

inside corner
gap at window frame

horizontal
movement joint

104 105

SEMINAR OUTLINE SHORT CMU WALLS/VENEERS NEED MORE MOVEMENT

ACCOMMODATION AND/OR RESTRAINT
 Basics  Openings (Veneer)

 Corners (inside)  Horizontal MJs

 Corners (outside)  Cement-Based Veneers

 Openings (CMU walls)  Sealant Color Selection

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CMU VENEER CJ GUIDELINES (1) SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS | LOW CMU WALLS/VENEERS

• Type N mortar recommended (2) • Provide more control joints
• Horizontal joint reinforcement required (3) • Add more horizontal joint reinforcement
• Closer control joint spacing (4) • And/or restrain movement with “engineered method” (1)

 1.5 x wall height

 < 20’-0” o.c.

(1) National Concrete Masonry Association, TEK 10-4A

(2) Type N is more ductile (less prone to cracking) than Type S, & easier to clean
(3) spaced 16” o.c. vertically (can be in alternate bed joints from veneer anchors
(1) “engineered method” (using horizontal steel) to control CMU movement - NCMA TEK 10-3
(4) as compared to clay brick veneers

108 109

VENEER ANCHOR & VENEER HJR | ALTERNATE COURSES VENEER REINFORCEMENT LAP

6” Lap

image source: Oldcastle Architectural, Inc.

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HORIZONTAL JOINT REINFORCEMENT BENT AROUND CORNER CASE STUDY | CJ PLACEMENT STRATEGY @ LOW WALL

113 114

CASE STUDY | CJ PLACEMENT STRATEGY @ LOW WALL SEMINAR OUTLINE

 Basics  Horizontal MJs

 Corners (inside)  Cement-Based Veneers

12’-0”
 Corners (outside)  Sealant Color Selection

 Openings  Summary
CMU wall height (10’-
0” X 1.5) = 15’-0”


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MOVEMENT JOINT LOCATION | 16 TIPS MOVEMENT JOINT LOCATION | 16 TIPS

1) Code requirement for designers to locate MJs (not mason) 6) After corners, divide remaining wall into recommend panels

2) Locate MJs on drawings (not only in spec) 7) Adjust MJ location per veneer lintel type (loose or attached)

3) Locate MJs at inside corners of veneer 8) Locate MJ at different bearing conditions, wall mass, backing conditions

4) Respect outside corner rules for MJs 9) Locate horizontal MJs (shelf angle, top-of-wall, adhered veneer)

5) When locating MJs at opening near a corner, locate on 10) 3/8” min. gap at veneer opening frames
corner side of opening

134 135

MOVEMENT JOINT LOCATION | 16 TIPS

11) 1/2“ min. vertical expansion joint in clay brick veneer

12) Cavity Walls: veneer MJ does not need to align with backing MJ

13) CMU/Cast Stone Veneers: review special guidelines

14) Reinforced CMU walls: locate CJ away from end of lintel MASONRY
15) Intentionally select sealant color

16) When in doubt, add more

MOVEMENT JOINTS

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139