University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore Spring 2021

LAB 9: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS

Name : ALISHA AAS Date: 06-07-2021
Regd-No : 2020-MC-20
OBJECTIVES:
 To familiarize with some basic OP-AMP circuits, andunderstand how to use
integrated circuits (ICs).
SUGGESTED READING:
 Class Lectures 19,20
 Chapter 15: “Operational Amplifiers”, introductory Electronic Devices and Circuits
by Robert T. Paynter.
 Datasheet: LM741 Operational Amplifier
 http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mastascu/elessonshtml/OpAmps/OpAmp2.html
 http://webpages.ursinus.edu/lriley/ref/circuits/node5.html
 http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_3/chpt_8/3.html
 http://www.stanford.edu/class/ee122/Handouts/2-Op-Amp_Concepts.pdf

Please read through all the suggested reading before you come to lab.

EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS:

 Basic Circuits Training Board
 LM741 Operational Amplifier
 Capacitors (4.7uF)
 Jumper Wires
 Palm Scope / DMM
 Resistors (330Ohms, 1k, 10k)
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Operational Amplifiers:
Operational amplifiers are amplifiers made by several combinations of
transistor amplifiers, and are, arguably, the most used analog devices and perform
a wide array of tasks, such as signal amplification, inversion, waveform changing
and so on. For the ease of drawing complex circuit diagrams, the electronic
amplifiers are often symbolized by a simple triangle shape, where the individual
components are not represented (Fig.9.1)

MCT-122: ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

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Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, U.E.T Lahore
LAB 9
 University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore Spring 2021

Fig 9.1: OP-AMP and its symbol

OP-Amps have a very high gain, which

makes them suitable for many analog
mathematical computations with only a
use of few basic external components.
The OP-AMPs are available in integrated
circuit (IC) packages. An op-amp IC
may contain one, or more than one op-
amp on a single IC. The LM-741is a
single op-amp package, with the pin
description as shown in Fig 9.2.
The inverting inputis connected to the
pin 2, and the non-inverting inputis Fig 9.2: LM-741 op-amp
connected to pin 3. The output is taken
from pin 6. The offset nullsare used to calibrate in case there is some output
present for zero input

TASK 1: VOLTAGE BUFFER:

If the output of the OP-AMP is connected
directly to its inverting input, the output follows the
input applied at the non-inverting input (Fig. 9.3).
 Connect the op-amp as a voltage buffer, and
apply different inputs to verify the operation
of the voltage follower.
 Draw the input and the corresponding output. Fig 9.3: Voltage buffer

MCT-122: ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

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Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, U.E.T Lahore
LAB 9
 University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore Spring 2021

TASK 2: NON-INVERTING AMPLIFIER:

A non-inverting amplifier consists of a voltage
divider at the inverting input, and the signal input is
applied at the non-inverting input terminal. By
changing the resistors R1 and R2, one can change the
gain of the amplifier.
R2
AV = +1
R1

 Choose the value of resistors R1 and R2 such Fig 9.4: Non-Inverting Amplifier

that the gain of the amplifier

becomes 3, and implement
the circuit.
 Apply square wave of +1
Vp-p, and find out the
output.

Value of resistors is 5k and 1k.

MCT-122: ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

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Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, U.E.T Lahore
LAB 9
 University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore Spring 2021

TASK 3: INVERTING AMPLIFIER:

The input to an inverting amplifier is applied
at the inverting terminal. The gain of the inverting
amplifier can be adjusted by changing the resistors
R1 and R2.
−R2
AV =
R1
Fig 9.5: Inverting Amplifier
 Choose the value of
resistors R1 and R2 such that the gain of the
amplifier becomes 5.
 Apply a square wave of +0~1Vp-p and sketch the output.

Task3 Input Task3 Output

TASK 4: DIFFERENTIATOR:
By introducing electrical reactance in the
feedback loop, we can make the output respond to a
change in the input.
dV ¿
V out =−RC
dt

This is physical equivalent to the mathematical Fig 9.6: Differentiator

operation of differentiation.
 Generate a triangular wave of peak-to-peak magnitude 4 volts, and try to
obtain a square wave with magnitude 6 Vp-p, by adjusting the gain through
resistor R and capacitor C.
 R= _________; C = ________
 Plot the output in the space below.

MCT-122: ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

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Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, U.E.T Lahore
LAB 9
 University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore Spring 2021

TASK 5: INTEGRATOR:
By Task4 Input interchanging the place Task4 Output
of capacitor and the
resistor, the integral function can be implemented.
t
−1
V out = ∫ V dt+C
RC 0 ¿

 Generate a Square wave of peak-to-peak Fig 9.7: Integrator

magnitude 3 volts, and try to obtain a Triangular
wave with magnitude 6 Volts p-p, by adjusting the gain through resistor R
and capacitor C.
 R= ______; C=_______.
 Plot the input and output in the space below.
 What happens if you increase the frequency of the input signal.

Task5 Input Task5 Output

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Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, U.E.T Lahore
LAB 9
 University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore Spring 2021
REVIEW QUESTIONS:
Q: In what aspects is an operational-amplifier better than a simple transistor
amplifier?
Ans: It provides higher input impedance and it can provide gain for complex
schemes.

Q: What do the negative signs indicate in the gain expression of a differentiator or

an integrator?
Ans: It indicates that the output will be inverted or with 180 degree phase shift.

Q: What would happen if a square wave is passed through a differentiator circuit?

Ans: We will obtain spike output wave form.

Bonus Question: How would you generate a triangular wave from a sinusoidal
input using operational amplifiers?
Ans: We first convert sine into Square wave by using a comparator and then the square wave
can be converted to the triangular wave by using integrator.

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Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, U.E.T Lahore
LAB 9