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4 Elemets of Music
4 Elemets of Music
4 Elemets of Music
Ang pattern ng paggalaw sa oras Paano nai-grupo ang mga beats sa maliliit na
pattern sa loob ng isang mas malaking kanta.
BEAT Ang mga pariralang pang-musika ay hinati sa
Ang pulso ng musika sa mga tuntunin ng kung mga segment na nagpapakita ng mga ritmo ng
gaano kabilis o kabagal ang pagdaloy nito (ang pangkat na kilala bilang MEASURES . Ang mga
pulso na tinatapik mo ang iyong paa habang panukala ay maaaring magkaroon ng anumang
nakikinig sa isang kanta) bilang ng mga beats sa kanila, ngunit
kadalasang mayroong 2, 3, o 4 na beats. Ang
Sinusukat sa mga beats bawat minuto (bpm) mga hakbang sa 2-beat ay nasa duple meter,
ang mga hakbang na 3-beat ay nasa triple
60 bpm = 1 beat bawat segundo - ang isang
meter, at ang mga hakbang na 4-beat ay nasa
kanta sa 60 bpm ay maituturing na mabagal
quadruple meter. Upang mas kumplikado pa
120 bpm = 2 beats per segundo - isang kanta sa ang mga bagay, ang bawat palo ay maaaring
120 bpm ay magiging mas mabilis nang SUBDIVIDED sa dalawang pantay na halves
dalawang beses sa 60, isang medium speed na (simple) o tatlong pantay na ikatlo (compound).
Kapag nakikinig ng mga kanta na nahahati sa
240 bpm = 4 beats per segundo - isang kanta sa simpleng metro, ang tunog ay pantay at
240 bpm ay maituturing na napakabilis "tuwid"; mga kanta sa tunog ng compound na
subdivision na "swung".
HARMONY
Ang ugnayan ng mga pitch ng sabay na tunog. - RHYTHM
Harvard Diksiyonaryo ng Musika Upang
magkaroon ng pagkakasundo, kailangang The pattern of movement in time.
mayroong higit sa isang tala na sabay na BEAT
tumutunog.
The pulse of the music in terms of how fast or
INTERVAL : dalawang nota ang sabay na slow it flows by (the pulse you tap your foot to
tumunog at ang distansya sa pagitan nila. while listening to a song)
CHORD : tatlo o higit pang mga tala ang sabay Measured in beats per minute (bpm)
na tumunog. Lumilikha ang Chords ng isang
musikal na kondisyon sa pamamagitan ng mga 60 bpm = 1 beat per second - a song at 60 bpm
pakikipag-ugnayan ng lahat ng mga agwat sa would be considered slow
loob ng mga ito.
120 bpm = 2 beats per second - a song at 120
DYNAMICS bpm would be twice as fast as 60, a medium
speed
Ang aspeto ng musika na nauugnay sa antas ng
lakas. - Harvard Music Diksiyonaryo 240 bpm = 4 beats per second - a song at 240
bpm would be considered very fast
Masiyahan sa Unang Suite ng Gustav Holst sa E-
flat para sa Military Band, Movt. II "Intermezzo" *NOTE* When someone says “I love the beat of
habang nakikinig para sa dynamics. Pansinin na that song” … what they mean is that they love
nagsisimula ito ng piano, crescendos to forte, the rhythmic structure/pattern … but what
pagkatapos ay tumalon muli sa piano nang they’re actually saying in musical terminology is
maraming beses, tinatapos sa isang napaka- that they love how fast or slow it goes …
iginuhit na diminuendo hanggang sa dulo.
CRESCENDO (cresc.) - unti-unting napapalakas How beats are grouped into small patterns
ang within a larger song. Musical phrases are
broken down into segments that show rhythmic
DIMINUENDO (malabo.) - unti-unting lumambot
groupings known as MEASURES. Measures can QUADRUPLE SIMPLE TIME: 4/4
have any number of beats in them, but most
commonly have 2, 3, or 4 beats. 2-beat QUADRUPLE COMPOUND TIME: 12/8
measures are in duple meter, 3-beat measures *EVEN MORE METERS*
are in triple meter, and 4-beat measures are in
quadruple meter. To complicate things even Here are some more advanced concepts for
more, every beat can be SUBDIVIDED into two those of you with prior musical training!
equal halves (simple) or three equal thirds
MIXED METER: can be found in pieces where
(compound). When listening to songs
the meter changes up frequently - like a
subdivided into simple meter, they sound even
measure of 4/4 followed by a measure of 3/4
and “straight”; songs in compound subdivision
then 5/4 …
sound “swung”.
COMPLEX METER: occurs when a grouping is
DUPLE: beat is in groups of 2 (try counting along
uneven or odd within a measure. For instance,
to a song 1-2 | 1-2 …)
7/8 or 5/4 time.
TRIPLE: beat is in groups of 3 (try counting along
The word RHYTHM specifically refers to how
to a song 1-2-3 | 1-2-3 …)
pitches in music are organized (compressed or
QUADRUPLE: beat is in groups of 4 (try counting elongated) over a consistent beat. A notational
along to a song 1-2-3-4 | 1-2-3-4 …) system allows musicians to write and read
rhythms precisely at any given tempo. We
SIMPLE: beat is divided evenly into two sub- won’t learn how to read or write rhythms in this
beats (1-2 2-2 3-2 4-2…) course. The system of rhythmic notation we use
COMPOUND: beat is divided evenly into three in the United States is based on the Western
Classical tradition of western Europe, but there
sub-beats (1-2-3 2-2-3 3-2-3 4-2-3 …)
are many rhythmic notation systems around the
You can take any meter grouping and subdivide world (and many cultures that learn rhythm by
it by simple or compound to get completely ear without writing anything down).
different rhythmic feels. These are each
MELODY
represented by a TIME SIGNATURE - which you
won’t be tested on and don’t need to learn for A coherent succession of pitches.
the sake of this course - but for those of you
who already know music, let’s review how they PITCH or NOTE or TONE: when referred to in
work … melody, these are the individual sounds that
comprise a melody. When you hum or sing or
DUPLE-SIMPLE TIME: 2/4 play a melody, you are performing a series of
pitches/notes/tones in succession.
DUPLE-COMPOUND TIME: 6/8
INTERVAL: two notes sounded at once and the Describe Timbre with adjectives you might use
distance between them. to describe color, temperature, consistency, or
the human voice …
CHORD: three or more notes sounded at once.
Chords create a musical mood by the Abrasive, Booming, Brassy, Breathy, Bright,
interactions of all the intervals within them. Brilliant, Brittle, Buzzy, Clear, Coarse, Cool,
Cutting, Dark, Delicate, Distorted, Dry, Dull,
TRIAD: most classical and popular music uses Edgy, Ethereal, Flat, Focused, Full, Grating,
triadic harmony - harmony developed by the Guttural, Harsh, Heavy, Hoarse, Hollow, Husky,
use of three-note chords. Intense, Light, Lush, Mellow, Metallic, Muddy,
Harmony can sound CONSONANT, meaning the Murky, Muted, Nasal, Penetrating, Piercing,
pitches sound pleasant together, or Pure, Raspy, Reedy, Resonant, Rich, Ringing,
DISSONANT, meaning the pitches sound Rough, Round, Scratchy, Shallow, Sharp,
Shimmery, Shrill, Silky, Silvery, Smoky, Smooth,
Strained, Strident, Strong, Subdued, Thick, Thin,
Throaty, Thundering, Tremulous, Unfocused,
Velvety, Vibrant, Warbling, Warm, Wheezy,
Whispered, Wooden
DYNAMICS