TLE9-10 AutomotiveServicing Q2 Weeks1to4 Binded Ver1.0

9/10
Technology and
Livelihood Education
(TLE)
Servicing Automotive Battery
Modules
Quarter 2 - Weeks 1 - 4
9/10
Technology and
(TLE)
Quarter 2 – Week 1 Module
TLE AUTOMOTIVE (SPECIALIZATION) GRADE 9/10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Week 1: Servicing Automotive Battery
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of
the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be
necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a
condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included
in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek
permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.
Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division Office of Makati City

Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE,
OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent and OIC-Chief, CID: Jay Macasieb DEM
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Enrique V. Zamora, Ed. D Mayumi P.

Editor: Realosa
Reviewer: Dr. Celedonia T. Teneza
Layout Artist: Carlo J. Navarro
Management Team: Neil Vincent C. Sandoval, LRMDS
Dr. Celedonia T. Teneza
Education Program Supervisor EPP/TLE/TVL
nd
2 Edition Revalidation 2021
Content Validator: Melfred G. Cotchay
Language Validator: Chryslyn A. Ogmer
Reviewers: Teodora F. Besana, Ed. D
Head Teacher VI-FBHS
Lilybeth D. Sagmaquen, Ph.D
Principal IV-BANHS
Samuel L. Sia, Ed.D
Public School District Supervisor
Dr. Celedonia T. Teneza,
Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City

Through the support of the City Government of Makati (Local School Board)
Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City
Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

City of Makati, Metropolitan Manila, Philippines 1212
Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
E-mail Address: makati.city@deped.gov.ph
What I Need to Know
This module is a specialization course which leads you to Automotive Servicing

National Certificate Level I (NC I). It covers common competencies that a Grade 9/10
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you ought to have. The module is
divided into two (2) lessons, namely:
• Lesson 1 – Battery construction and operation
• Lesson 2 – Proper safe handling of battery
After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Describe the functions of a car battery.
2. Identify the components of a car battery.
3. Classify the types of car battery.
4. Proper handling of car battery.
5. Different hazards associated with car battery.
What I Know
True/False
Direction: Read the statement carefully, write T if the statement is correct and F if the
statement is not correct. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. A battery is the primary source of electrical energy on a vehicle.
2. Maintenance free battery is totally sealed and do not have removable cap.
3. Twelve (12) volts is the total voltage of six (6) cell battery.
4. A battery case is a seal molded plastic that provides enclosure to the battery
parts.
5. Separator prevents the positive and negative plates from touching each other.
Lesson 1 Battery Construction and Operation

A lead storage battery or car battery is the primary source of electrical energy on a
vehicle. It provides power to the starter motor, lighting system and the ignition system of
a car engine. It may also be a traction battery used as the main power of an electric
vehicle.
What’s In
Direction: To determine prior learning, choose the letter of the best answer. Write
the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It is the main source of electric power used in a vehicles.
a. storage battery b. generator c. fuse d. power supply
2. A type of battery that has a removable cap so that the level of distilled water can be be
easily checked.
a. generator b. storage battery c. low maintenance d. maintenance free
3. A part of a battery which is made of molded plastic that encloses the battery.
a. battery case b. manufacturer’s manual c. owner’s manual d. service manual
4. A part of the battery that acts as a covering of the battery parts.
a. case b. cover c. plates d. terminal posts
5. It is a solution of sulfuric acid diluted with distilled water.
a. case b. cover c. electrolyte d. terminal posts
Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in
guiding the learners.
1
What’s New
The lead storage battery or car battery is the type of rechargeable battery that serves
as the main source of electric power used in automotive vehicles. It stores chemical energy
which is transformed into electric power that is used to supply various electrical components
of the car such as starting motor, ignition system, lights, radio, windshield, wiper motor, horn,
and other devices in a car.
Parts of the Battery
1. Case-a molded plastic that encloses the battery parts.

2. Cells-are composed of positive and negative plates.
3. Cell connectors-are terminals connecting the battery cells in series.
4. Cell participation-it is where the two plates groups are assembled together.
5. Cover-it covers the battery.
6. Electrolyte-is a solution of sulfuric acid diluted with distilled water.
7. Plates-are positive (Pb02) and negative (Pb) plates connected together by
separate plate straps.
8. Separators-prevents the positive and negative plates from touching one
plates.
9. Terminal posts-are positive and negative terminals where the battery cables
are connected.
10. Vent caps-are plugs that covers the vent holes and remove when checking the
battery solution or electrolyte.
The following are the two (2) types of battery.

1. Low Maintenance Battery-it has a removable caps so that the battery’s state of
charge can be checked; adding distilled water if necessary.
2. Maintenance Free Battery-it adds several changes over conventional battery,
the most significant features is that is sealed and requires no service attention other than to
be kept clean.
Low Maintenance Battery Maintenance Free Battery

(with caps) (sealed type)
2
What is It
Direction: Get a learning partner and discuss your answers to these:

A. What is a car battery?
B. What is the purpose of a car battery?
C. What are the essential parts of car battery?
D. What are the two (2) types of car battery?
What's More
Activity Nuber 1
Jumbled Letters
Direction: Rearrange the following jumbled letters to form words.
Activity Number 2
Puzzle
Direction: Read the clues below and fill in the correct answer.
What I Have Learned
1. Definition and uses of a car battery.

2. Types and parts of a car battery.
What I Can Do
If you ever want to know more about automotive car battery, its uses, parts,
types and parts, and its operation .It is suggested that you may watch any related
videos on YouTube channel .
3
Assessment
True/False Direction: Read the statement carefully, put F if the statement is false and
put T if the statement is correct. Place your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

parts.
3. A low maintenance battery has a removable cap so that the level of distilled
water can be easily checked.
Lesson 2 Proper Safe Handling of Battery

Any injury is caused by a motorist unsafe handling of battery whether on and off
the road. It may be prevented if he had consider safety measures when working
with car battery.
What’s In
True/False Direction: Read the statement carefully, put F if the statement is false and
put T if the statement is correct. Place your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
1. When disconnecting a battery, always disconnect the negative first.

2. If the battery has a vent caps, make sure the vent holes are open before
charging.
3. Battery fumes are hazardous to health.
4. Carry the battery case, put both hands under the case.
5. Always lift the battery case straight up.

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.
4
What’s New
Follow the safety measures when working with car batteries.
Lead storage battery contain hydrogen oxygen gases that can be explosive, and
sulfuric acid that can cause severe burns. If you get battery acid on your skin, flush it
with running water. Wear eye protection when charging or testing a battery. If the
battery electrolyte gets into your eyes, flush them with running water immediately. Seek
medical attention as soon as possible to your school physician or nearest hospital.
1. Always consult your battery owner’s manuals for instructions and safety
precautions.
2. When charging or testing battery always wear safety glasses or goggles,
and proper clothing to protect your face, hand and body.
3. Always work in a well ventilated area.
4. To prevent from electrolyte leaking out, never lean over the battery, lift the
case straight up.
5. Keep away from flames, cigarette and other sources of ignition-they could
cause battery to catch fire or even explodes.
6. Keep vent caps straight.
7. Be caution when working with metallic tools or conductors to prevent
shorts and sparks.
8. Keep battery out reach of children.
9. When disconnecting battery terminals always disconnect the negative or
ground terminal first.
10. Carry the battery case, put both hands under the case.
11. Do not overtighten the battery hold down clamp through bolt and nut. This
may compress the battery and may cause damage to it.
Types of Hazards Associated with Battery
TYPES OF HAZARD DESCRIPTION PICTURE

CHEMICAL It is corrosive and can
1. BATTERY burn the eyes and skin.
ELECTROLYTE
PHYSICAL It emits hydrogen gas which

2. FLAMMABLE GASES is flammable, ignite easily
which can result fire
or explosion.
PHYSICAL Misuse of metal tools

3. ELECTRIC SHOCK when loosening or
tightening battery may
result to short circuit.
4. ERGONOMIC Battery are heavy and
WEIGHT requires proper lifting to
avoid electrolyte
leaking and damage.
5
What is It
Direction: Get a learning partner and discuss your answers to these:

A. Why do we have to work safely in the battery?
B. Is it necessary to wear protective materials when working with battery? Why?
C. Why do we have to consult battery owner’s manual before dealing with battery?
What’s More
Activity 1 - How much I learned about proper safe handling of battery

Direction: Answer the following questions in Column A and B using a separate sheet of
paper.
A B
BASIC WORK ACTIVITIES POTENTIAL HAZARD PREVENTION/CONTROL

MEASURES
1) REMOVING BATTERY
2) INSTALLING BATTERY
3) INSPECTING BATTERY
4) CLEANING BATTERY
5) CHARGING BATTERY
Activity 2 - How much I learned about proper safe handling of battery
Jumbled Letters
Direction: Rearrange the following jumbled letters to form words.
6
What I Have Learned
1. Importance of proper handling of battery.

2. Types of hazard associated with car battery.
What I Can Do
If you ever want to know more about automotive proper handling of a car battery.
It is suggested that you may watch any related videos on YouTube channel.
Assessment
True/False Directions: Read statement below carefully. Place True if you think the
statement is correct and False, if you think the statement is false. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Proper safe handling of battery is very important.
2. Improper carrying of battery may result to accident.
3. Motorist must consult his battery owner’s manual before servicing
it.
4. Battery servicing should be done in a well ventilated area.
5. A mechanic must be familiar with the hazards associated with
battery.
7
References
A. Bibliography
Automotive Technology by Crouse and Anglin
Competency Based Learning Material (CBLM)-Automotive Sector, AS NC I, TESDA
TLE III Industrial Technology, Auto Mechanics I, SEDP Series.
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

Telefax: (632) 8882-5861/8882-5862
Email Address: makati.city@deped.gov.ph
8
9/10
Technology and
(TLE)
Automotive Servicing
Identify Proper and Safe Disposal
of Discarded Battery Materials
Quarter 2 – Week 2: Identify proper and safe disposal of discarded battery materials
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of
the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created
shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included
in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate
and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and
authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE, OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Writer: Enrique V. Zamora, Ed. D

Editor: Mayumi P. Realosa
nd
Principal IV-BANHS
Samuel L. Sia, Ed.D

Telefax: (632)) 82-5861 / 8882-5862
What I Need to Know

National Certificate Level I (NC I). It covers common competencies that a Grade
9/10 Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you ought to have. The
lesson in this module are very essential. There is nothing more important than staying
safe in dealing with battery materials.
Lesson 1 – Identify proper and safe disposal of discarded battery materials

1. Indications to replace/dispose car battery
2. How to remove car battery
3. Ways to dispose car battery
What I Know
True/False Direction: Read the statement carefully, write T if the statement is

correct and F if the statement is not correct. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. When disconnecting a car battery, always disconnect the negative or ground

terminal.
2. Battery fumes emitted are hazardous to health.
3. To avoid electrolyte leak, always lift the battery case straight up.
4. Battery hold down clamp should not be overtighten, to avoid battery damage.
5. Improper use of metallic tools on car battery can result to spark or electric
shock.
Identify Proper and Safe Disposal of

Lesson 1 Discarded Battery Materials
What’s In
True/False
Direction: Read the statement carefully, write T if the statement is correct and F if
the statement is not correct. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Car battery contain chemicals that can harm our environment.

2. Battery can last 3 to five years depending on maintenance routine.
3. Defective car battery should be dispose properly.
4. When handling car battery a motorist must always wear protective gloves.
5. Improper disposal of car battery is dangerous.

1
What’s New
THE RIGHT TIME TO REPLACE A CAR BATTERY
The car battery uses lead and acid to keep a long lasting and reliable charge.
These materials is not only highly toxic but can pose a serious risk to the environment
and health. A maintenance free or sealed battery is safe to handle, but improperly
disposing can be dangerous.
Never throw your car battery in a household garbage. These hazardous

materials need to be disposed properly and carefully.
Otherwise, lead could reach into the soil and groundwater near your home
or landfill and may contaminate drinking water, affects crops, and create a difficult to
clean up and it can have lasting effects on the environment for many years
after contamination. It is particularly worrisome for children in that it can cause
devastating damage to developing nervous systems and irreparable brain damage.
Each battery has a different life span, but on normal car battery can usually
last about three (3) to five (5) years longer depending on how it is maintain. Although
that most car batteries are covered by a warranty. After which, you may want to
consider replacing your old and defective car battery to a new one. As a motorist,
learn how to dispose your battery today and find out the dangers of improper disposal of
car batteries. A vehicle can be restore without putting one’s health or environment at
risk.
2
After visual inspection a car battery maybe replace based on the following
indications: a cracked battery case, a bulging, frozen battery, battery is leaking fluid
or corrosion forms on the terminals.
If the battery caps that’s supposed to keep the fluid from spilling out are missing
or damaged and you can’t find replacement caps from an auto parts store, you should
consider discarding the battery to prevent damage to your vehicle’s paint or wiring.
In some cases, a depleted battery can be charged back to a usable state, but if
the battery cannot hold or won’t accept a charge overnight to power your engine in the
morning, then it might be time to dispose of it.
If your battery is depleted, it can be recharged frequently and continue to be used.

In some cases where the battery has been charged and still does not provide enough
power to operate your car, it will need to be discarded. You can also bring your battery
into many auto parts stores where they will perform a load test to check your battery’s
condition
The best way is to bring your old car battery to a battery store and allow a
qualified technician test your battery to see whether you need a replacement battery.
HOW TO SAFELY REMOVE YOUR BATTERY
After visual inspection on your car battery, before replacing it, you’ll need to safely
remove it from the vehicle.
HOW TO REMOVE A CAR BATTERY
SAFETY FIRST
1. First, wear protective gloves when handling car batteries and rinse skin or
car upholstery with water if there’s an acid spill to minimize damage. Old batteries may
have a leak and coming in contact with battery acid can be dangerous. Make sure the
ignition is switched off and the key is removed from the car. Remove any jewelry like
rings and necklaces which come contact with metal part of the hood. Make sure that
the place you’re working is in dry.
3
2. For this job you need a screw driver and an adjustable wrench.
Screw Driver Adjustable Wrench
3. Open the hood and find where the car battery is located.
4. Identify the negative terminal. This will usually have a minus (-) sign on it.
5. Disconnect the cable from the negative terminal of your battery first. This
is very important. You'll need to use a wrench to loosen the nut on the terminal. To
avoid electrocution, be sure your wrench doesn't touch both terminals at once.
6. Once the negative terminal has been removed and is out of the way,
remove the cable from positive (+) terminal, which should have a red coating.
4
` 7. Once the securing bracket has been taken out, you may now carefully lift
the battery out.
8. Remove and inspect for any signs of damage.

9. To place the battery back in place, simply repeat 4 to 7 but in reverse. So
place the battery, install the securing bracket, connect the positive terminal first, then
finally connect the negative terminal in place
WAYS TO DISPOSE DEFECTIVE CAR BATTERY
1. Take the Battery to a Designated Recycling Deport-you may look in the

internet for battery recycling locations near you. Call your local dump or sanitation
department, if they have a recycling program for toxic or hazardous materials.
2. Secure the Battery in your Vehicle-Wrapped it with heavy garbage plastic
bag with a plywood the base. Make sure it won’t move around while driving to prevent
acid spills and ruin your car’s interior.
3. Take the car battery to any local auto shop-one of the most common way
to recycle a car battery is where the car batteries are sold. You can trade-in your used
car battery and get instant cash or discounts.
4. Sell your old car battery to a junk shop.

5. Call a Car Battery Delivery-it’s very convenient because they will be the
one who will remove and safely install the new replacement battery you bought.
5
What is It
Directions: Get a learning partner and discuss your answers to these:
A. What is the effect of lead acid in our health and environment?

B. Why there is a need to dispose car battery properly?
C. What are the ways to dispose car batteries?
What’s More
Activity Number 1
Direction: Jumbled Letters. Rearrange the following jumbled letters to form.
words.
Activity Number 2
Puzzle
Direction: Read the clues below and fill in the correct answer.
What I Have Learned
1. Effects of battery chemicals in health and environment.

2. Ways to properly dispose car battery.
3. How to safely remove car battery.
What I Can Do
If you ever want to know more about how to identify proper and safe disposal
of discarded battery materials it is suggested that you may watch any related
videos on YouTube channel.
6
Assessment
True/False Direction: Read the statement carefully, put F if the statement is false
and put T if the statement is correct. Place your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

parts.
5. A low maintenance battery has a removable cap so that the level of distilled
water can be easily checked.
7
References
A. Bibliography
CBLM on Servicing Auto Battery by Prof Apollo F. Mambiar, UMak

Telefax: (632) 8882-5861/8882-5862
8
9/10
Technology and
(TLE)
Test Automotive Battery
Quarter 2 – Week 3: TEST AUTOMOTIVE BATTERY
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the
work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may,
among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to
locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The
publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE, OIC-Schools Division Superintendent
Assistant OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent and OIC-Chief, CID: Jay Macasieb DEM

nd
Principal IV-BANHS
Samuel L. Sia, Ed.D

Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
What I Need to Know

National Certificate Level I (NC I). It covers common competencies that Grade 9/10
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you ought to have. The unit
of competency “Service Automotive Battery” covers the knowledge, skills, and
attitudes required for the course. The lesson in this module are very essential,
particularly in testing automotive battery.
• Lesson 1 – Test Automotive Battery

1. Determine the condition of the battery.
2. Testing automotive battery by the use of hydrometer.
3. Test automotive battery
4. Analyze results of testing automotive battery.
What I Know
True/False
Direction: Read the statement carefully, write T if the statement is correct and F if the
statement is not correct. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. An automotive battery is a lead-acid type of rechargeable battery.
2. When testing a battery with hydrometer, remove first the battery cable.
3. When reading a hydrometer, it must be at mouth level.
2. A fully charged battery has a specific gravity of 1.265-1.299.
3. The output load condition determines the battery capacity.
Test Automotive Battery with the Use

Lesson 1 of Battery Hydrometer
A car battery is an extremely important component in any vehicle. To withstand
its load capacity, it must remain in good condition. A simple battery test can prevent a
motorist from being stranded in the road. Battery testing determines if the battery is in
good condition, needs charging and it is already defective. Depending on the design of
the battery, state of charge and capacity can be determined in several ways; specific
gravity tests, visual inspection of batteries with a built-in hydrometer, and others.
What’s In
Direction: To determine prior learning, choose the letter of the best answer. Write
the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. When the battery’s positive and negative plates are joined together, it becomes?
a. element b. connector c. plate group d. partitions
2. The negative plate of the battery is made of.

a. electrolyte (H2SO4) b. non-porous lead (PbO2) c. Porous lead (Pb) d. Water (H2O)
3. When an automotive battery lacks water, you may add?
a. distilled water b. electrolyte c. mineral water d. oxygenated water
4. An instrument used to measure the specific gravity of battery.
a. cable b. hydrometer c. light d. tester
5. Why is important to wear goggles when testing or charging battery?
a. visual acuity b. visual clarity c. visual condition d. visual protection
1
What’s New
Battery Testing
The automotive battery supplies electric currents to the different electrical components
of the automobile. Testing is one way to determine its condition is through testing; if the battery
needs charging and also if the battery is already dead and needs to be replaced. Depending on
the design of the battery, state of charge and capacity can be determined in several ways;
specific gravity tests, visual inspection of batteries with a built-in hydrometer and others.
Specific Gravity Tests
Car batteries can be tested for state of charge. The state of charge of a vent-cap
(low maintenance) battery is determined with the use of a hydrometer. A
hydrometer is a measuring instrument consists of a glass tube or barrel, rubber bulb,
rubber tube, and a glass float or hydrometer with a scale built into its upper stem. The
glass encases the float and forms a reservoir for the test electrolyte. Squeezing the bulb
pulls electrolyte into the reservoir.
Figure 1. The battery hydrometer (Source: TLE-Auto, GPDPNHS)
Figure 2. The parts of a battery hydrometer (Source: TLE-Auto, GPDPNHS)
2
Figure 3. Battery float indicator (Source: TLE-Auto, GPDPNHS)
To Prepare Instrument for Use
1. Remove instrument carefully from the card.

2. Grasp hexagonal size of the rubber tip at base of instrument and remove it
from glass barrel.
3. Remove float from glass barrel by slowly pulling longer and of protecting the
styrofoam strip.
4. Wet inside of glass barrel and re insert rubber tip.
5. Now the battery tester is ready for use.
To Test Battery
Insert rubber tip in cell of battery. Hold the instrument in vertical position.
Squeeze bulb and draw up enough liquid until float moves freely, watching to see that
the top does not touch rubber stopper at top barrel. The mark on the battery tester
which is in line with the surface of the liquid indicates condition of battery then:
Figure 4. How to test battery with the use of hydrometer tester. Source: GPDPNHS
TLE-Automotive Room
3
Figure 5. (A) When the scales sinks in the electrolyte, the specific
gravity is low; (B) when it floats high, the specific gravity is high. (Source: CBLM on
Servicing Auto Battery by Prof Apollo F. Mambiar, UMak)
The electrolyte of a fully charged battery is usually about 64% water and 36%
sulfuric acid, which corresponds to a specific gravity of 1.270. Specific gravity is the
weight of a given volume of any liquid divided by the weight of an equal volume of
water. Pure water has a specific gravity of 1.000, while battery electrolyte should have
a specific gravity of 1.260 to 1.280. In other words, the electrolyte should be 1.260 to
1.280 times heavier than water.
The specific gravity of the electrolyte decreases as the battery discharges. This is why
measuring the specific gravity of the electrolyte with a hydrometer can be a good indicator of
how much charge a battery has lost.
Figure 6. Electrolyte specific gravity as related to battery’s condition
COLOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY RESULT

RED 1. 100 Battery cell is in
1. 205 discharged condition
WHITE 1. 205 Battery cell needs
1. 260 attention
GREEN 1. 260 Battery cell is ok
1. 300
Return the liquid to same battery cell which taken.
4
NOTE: A test cannot be made properly unless each battery cell has enough fluid
to allow the float to rise freely. You will get an accurate reading if water has been just
recently added to the cells.
CAUTION: Electrolyte is very corrosive. It can cause severe injuries if it comes

in contact with your skin or eye. If electrolyte gets on you, immediately wash with
baking soda and water. If the acid gets in your eyes, immediately flush with cool water.
Then get medical help.
Interpreting Results The specific gravity of the cells of a fully charged battery
should near 1.265 when adjusted for electrolyte temperature.
Recharge any battery if the specific gravity drops below an average of 1.230. A
specific gravity difference of more than 50 points between cells is a good indication of a
defective battery in need of replacement.
Built-In Hydrometer
On some sealed maintenance-free batteries, a special temperature-

compensated hydrometer is built into the battery cover (Figure 7.). A quick visual check
indicates the battery state of charge (Figure 8.). It is important when observing the
hydrometer that the battery has a clean top to see the correct indication. A flashlight
may be required in poorly lit areas. Always look straight down when viewing the
hydrometer.
Figure 9. Slight glass in a maintenance-free battery (Source: CBLM

on Servicing Automotive Battery by TESDA).
.
Figure 10. Design and operation of built-in hydrometers on maintenance-free

sealed batteries (Source: CBLM on Servicing Auto Battery by Prof Apollo F.
Mambiar, UMak)
5
Many maintenance-free batteries do not have a built-in hydrometer. A voltage
check is the only way to check this type of battery’s state of charge. The specific gravity of
these batteries cannot be checked because they are sealed. Never pry off the cell caps
to check the electrolyte levels of condition of a sealed battery.
A few battery designs incorporated a charge indicator into the top of the battery
(Figure 10. (Source: CBLM on Servicing Automotive Battery by TESDA). Rather
than a built-in hydrometer, these batteries use a color display to note the battery’s
state of charge. The color green stands for “OK” gray for “check or recharge,” and white
for “change or replace.”
What is It
A. What is a hydrometer?
B. What is the purpose of a battery hydrometer?
C. How do you use battery hydrometer?
D. How do you interpret hydrometer readings?
What’s More
Activity Number 1
Direction: Jumbled Letters. Rearrange the following jumbled letters to form words.
Activity Number 2
Direction: Puzzle Read the clues below and fill in the correct answer.
6
What I Have Learned
1. Definition and uses of a battery hydrometer.

2. Parts of battery hydrometer and its uses.
What I Can Do
If you ever want to know more about testing car battery with the use of
hydrometer. It is suggested that you may watch any related videos on YouTube
channel.
Assessment
True/False
Direction: Read statement below carefully. Place True if you think the statement is
correct and False, if you think the statement is false. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. When testing a battery with hydrometer, remove first the battery cable.
2. When reading a hydrometer, it must be at mouth level.
3. Hydrometer is an instrument use the specific gravity of battery.
4. When testing or charging battery it is important to wear googles for visual
protection.
5. When automotive battery lacks water, just simply add electrolyte solution.
7
References
A. Bibliography

Telefax: (632) 8882-5861/8882-5862
8
9/10
Technology and
(TLE)
Quarter 2 – Week 4: Servicing Automotive Battery
First Edition, 2020
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government
of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is
created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among
other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.)
included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to
locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The
publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them.

Schools Division Superintendent: Carleen S. Sedilla CESE,

nd
Principal IV-BANHS
Samuel L. Sia, Ed.D

Telefax: (632) 8882-5861 / 8882-5862
What I Need to Know

National Certificate Level I (NC I). It covers common competencies that a Grade 9/10
Technology and Livelihood Education (TLE) student like you ought to have. The module
is divided into two (2) lessons, namely:
• Lesson 1 – Factors affecting battery life
• Lesson 2 – Safety measures in charging battery
1. Identify factors affecting lifespan of car battery.
2. Learn and practice safety measures in charging battery.
What I Know
True/False
Direction: Read the statement carefully, write T if the statement is correct and
F if the statement is not correct. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Improper electrolyte level is one of the factors that affects battery life.
2. Car battery do not work when they exposed in a very cold temperature.
3. A mechanic/motorist must always observe safety measures in servicing car
battery.
4. Before servicing any car battery the owner should consult its owner’s manual.
5. Car battery solutions is considered a health hazard.
Lesson 1 Factors Affecting Battery Life
A car batteries have a limited service life. The lifespan of any car battery is between
four (4) to six (6) years, but several factors can decrease service life. Understanding these
factors can help increase the life expectancy of your car battery.
What’s In
True/False
Direction: Read the statement carefully, write T if the statement is correct and F if
the statement is not correct. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Car batteries have limited lifespan.
2. Car batteries can only last for four (4) to six (6) years.
3. There are several factors than affects the lifespan of a car battery.
4. Understanding the factors that affects the lifespan of your car battery can
help Increase its life expectancy.
5. Car owners must have knowledge in car battery.

1
What’s New
The car battery serves as the main source of electric power used in automotive
vehicles. It stores chemical energy which is transformed into electric power used to
supply various electrical components of the car such as starting motor, ignition
system, lights, radio, windshield, wiper motor, horn, and other devices in a car. Car
batteries have a limited service life. The lifespan of any car battery is between four (4) to
six (6) years, but several factors can decrease service life. Understanding these factors can
help increase the life expectancy of your car battery.
Factors Affecting the Lifespan of Car battery
1. Temperature
In colder places, car batteries do not work when they are cold. Like everything else, the
electrons find it hard to move when they are cold. Also in the cold climate, the engine’s oil is
thicker and it is harder to crank the engine; therefore, the demands on the starter and battery
are much higher. There is a possibility that the battery will freeze when it is low on charge and
subjected to very cold weather. Also, if under extreme heat, the liquid inside the battery will
evaporate. At a lower fluid level, there is a possibility where damage to the internal structure
of the battery can occur. Batteries used in hot climates need to have their electrolyte level
checked often and distilled water added if necessary.
2. Dirt, Grease and Corrosion
Dirty and grease build-ups will drain the power of the battery, while the corrosion
will reduce flow of current and will lead to a faulty battery. Corrosion is commonly caused by
spilled electrolyte or electrolyte condensation from gassing. The sulfuric acid from the
electrolyte corrodes, attacks, and can destroy not only connectors and terminals but hold-
down straps and the battery tray, which can result in physical damage to the battery.
Corroded connections increase resistance at the battery terminals, which reduces the
applied voltage to the vehicle’s electrical system.
3. Charging System
A bad charging system can drain a battery when the car runs. If the alternator fails to
give out ample voltage, it will cause the battery to drain quicker than normal. If the lights or
radio are on the situation can be worsened. When the car battery runs out of power, the radio
or lights will fail to operate, and the car stalls. It will not start unless the battery is recharged.
The vehicle’s charging system might not fully recharge the battery due to stop-and-go
driving. Batteries can be overcharged by either the vehicle’s charging system or a
battery charger. In either case, the result is a violent chemical reaction within the
battery that causes a loss of water in the cells. This can permanently reduce the
capacity of the battery. Overcharging can also cause excessive heat, which can oxidize
the positive plate grid material and even buckle the plates, resulting in a loss of cell
capacity and early battery failure.
2
4. Personal Habits
Frequent starting the engine on and off engine cycles can cause drainage in the battery.
Also, the tendency to use in-vehicle entertainment systems such as radios, stereos and other
devices will cause the battery to work more.
5. Poor Mounting
Loose hold-down straps allow the battery to vibrate or bounce during vehicle operation.
This can shake the active materials off the grid plates, severely shortening battery life. It can
also loosen the plate connections to the plate strap, loosen cable connections, or even crack
the battery case.
What is It

A. What is the lifespan of a car battery?
B. What factors that causes the decrease of car battery’s lifespan?
What’s More
Activity Number 1
Activity Number 2
Direction: Concept map of factors affecting lifespan of car battery. Based on

your understanding on our give topic, give descriptions on factors affecting car
battery’s lifespan. Present your answer in a concept map as shown below.
3
What I Have Learned
1. Understanding car battery lifespan.

2. Factors that affects the lifespan of a car battery.
What I Can Do
If you ever want to know more about factors affecting battery

lifespan, it is suggested that you may watch any related videos on YouTube channel .
Assessment
True/False
Direction: Read the statement carefully, put F if the statement is false and put T if the
statement is correct. Place your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Improper electrolyte level is one of the factors that affects battery life.
2. Car battery do not work when they exposed in a very cold temperature.
3. Before servicing any car battery the owner should consult its owner’s
manual.
4. Car batteries have limited lifespan.
5. Car batteries can only last for four (4) to six (6) years.
Lesson 2 Battery Safety Precautions
In battery charging, accident only occurs when the battery is unsafely handled.
When a battery is charging or discharging, it gives off quantities of high explosive
hydrogen gas, which is present in the battery at all times. Any flame or spark can ignite
this gas, causing the battery to explode violently. It may be prevented if a safety
measures is considered when working with a car battery.
What’s In
True/False
Direction: Read the statement carefully, put F if the statement is false and put T if the
statement is correct. Place your answer in a separate sheet of paper.
1. Hydrogen gas is present in any battery.
2. When working on electrical system, always disconnect the negative terminal
first.
3. Battery fumes are hazardous to health.
4. Never connect or disconnect charger leads when the charger is turned on.
5. Any spark or flames may cause battery to explode violently.

This contains helpful tips or strategies that will help you in guiding the learners.
4
What’s New
Follow the safety measures when working with car batteries.
Lead storage battery contains hydrogen-oxygen gases that can be explosive and
sulfuric acid that can cause severe burns. If you get battery acid on your skin, flush it
with running water. Wear eye protection when charging or testing a battery. If the
battery electrolyte gets into your eyes, flush them with running water immediately. Seek
medical attention as soon as possible to your school physician or nearest hospital.
1. Do not smoke, and never use a lighter or match as a flashlight in close proximity
to charging battery.
2. Remove wristwatches and ring before servicing any part of the electrical system.
This helps to prevent the possibility of electrical arching and burns.
3. Always disconnect the battery’s ground cable when working on the electrical
system or engine.
4. A battery that has been overworked should be allowed to cool down and let air
circulate around it before attempting to jump-start the vehicle.
5. Always switch the charger off before disconnecting the battery.
6. Never lay metal tools or other objects on the battery, because a short circuit
across the terminal can result.
Figure 1. Careless use of a battery charger caused this battery to explode.

(Source: CBLM on Servicing Auto Battery by Prof Apollo F. Mambiar, UMak)
7. Ensure battery cover is open when charging.
8. Keep vent caps on during charging.

9. Always allow the charger to complete the charge cycle.
Other battery and electrical system safety precautions follow:
1. Improper connection of charger cables to the battery can reverse the current
flow and damage the generator.
2. When removing a battery from a vehicle, always disconnect the battery ground
cable first. When installing a battery, connect the ground cable last.
3. Never reverse the polarity of the battery connections. Generally, all vehicles use
a negative ground. Reversing this polarity damages the generator and circuit
wiring.
4. Never attempt to use a fast charger as a boost to start the engine.
5. Acid forms of the battery damages a vehicle’s paint and metals surfaces and
harms shop equipment. Neutralize any electrolyte spills during servicing.
5
Routine Inspections
As part of any electrical system work, always check the battery.
1. Ensure the battery top is clean and dry at all times.
2. Check the electrolyte level. When adding water to the cells, use distilled or
clean, soft water. Fill each cell to just above the top of the plates.
3. Inspect the case for cracks, loose terminal posts, and other signs of physical
damage.
4. Check for missing cell plug cover and caps.
5. Inspects all cables for broken or corroded wires, frayed insulation, or loose or
damaged connectors.
6. Visually check battery terminals, cable connectors, metal parts, hold-downs,
and trays for corrosion damage or buildup.
7. Check the heat shield for proper installation on vehicles so equipped.
What is It
A. Why do we have to work safely in the battery?

B. What are the precautionary measures to be taken when servicing automotive
battery?
What’s More
Activity 1-How much I learned about proper safe handling of battery
Directions: Answer the following questions in Column A and B using a separate sheet of
paper.
A B
BASIC WORK ACTIVITIES POTENTIAL HAZARD PREVENTION/

CONTROL MEASURES
1) INSPECTING BATTERY
2) REMOVING BATTERY
3) ADDING ELECTROLYTE
(LOW MAINTENANCE)
4) CLEANING BATTERY
5) CHARGING BATTERY
6) INSTALLING BATTERY
6
Activity 2-How much I learned about proper safe handling of battery
What I Have Learned
1. Importance of proper handling of car battery.

2. Precautionary measures when servicing car battery.
What I Can Do
If you ever want to know more about in proper handling of car

battery. It is suggested that you may watch any related videos on YouTube channel.
Assessment
True/False
Direction: Read statement below carefully. Place True if you think the statement is
correct and False, if you think the statement is false. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Never use matches and lighter when checking battery solution.

2. Improper handling of car battery may result to accident.
3. When disconnecting car battery cable always remove the ground terminal
first.
4. Battery servicing should be done in a well ventilated area.
5. A motorist must be familiar with the hazards associated with battery.
7
References
A. Bibliography

Telefax: (632) 8882-5861/8882-5862

TLE9-10 AutomotiveServicing Q2 Weeks1to4 Binded Ver1.0

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9/10

Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division Office of Makati City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Enrique V. Zamora, Ed. D Mayumi P.

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City

Office Address: Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

This module is a specialization course which leads you to Automotive Servicing

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Lesson 1 Battery Construction and Operation

Notes to the Teacher

Parts of the Battery

1. Case-a molded plastic that encloses the battery parts.

The following are the two (2) types of battery.

Low Maintenance Battery Maintenance Free Battery

Direction: Get a learning partner and discuss your answers to these:

What I Have Learned

1. Definition and uses of a car battery.

1. A battery is the primary source of electrical energy on a vehicle.

Lesson 2 Proper Safe Handling of Battery

1. When disconnecting a battery, always disconnect the negative first.

Notes to the Teacher

Follow the safety measures when working with car batteries.

Types of Hazards Associated with Battery

TYPES OF HAZARD DESCRIPTION PICTURE

PHYSICAL It emits hydrogen gas which

PHYSICAL Misuse of metal tools

Direction: Get a learning partner and discuss your answers to these:

Activity 1 - How much I learned about proper safe handling of battery

BASIC WORK ACTIVITIES POTENTIAL HAZARD PREVENTION/CONTROL

Activity 2 - How much I learned about proper safe handling of battery

1. Importance of proper handling of battery.

Competency Based Learning Material (CBLM)-Automotive Sector, AS NC I, TESDA

TLE III Industrial Technology, Auto Mechanics I, SEDP Series.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division Office of Makati City

Gov. Noble St., Brgy. Guadalupe Nuevo

Telefax: (632) 8882-5861/8882-5862

Email Address: makati.city@deped.gov.ph

Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division Office of Makati City

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Enrique V. Zamora, Ed. D

Printed in the Philippines by the Schools Division Office of Makati City

This module is a specialization course which leads you to Automotive Servicing

Lesson 1 – Identify proper and safe disposal of discarded battery materials

After going through this module, you are expected to:

True/False Direction: Read the statement carefully, write T if the statement is

1. When disconnecting a car battery, always disconnect the negative or ground

Identify Proper and Safe Disposal of

1. Car battery contain chemicals that can harm our environment.

Notes to the Teacher

THE RIGHT TIME TO REPLACE A CAR BATTERY

Never throw your car battery in a household garbage. These hazardous

If your battery is depleted, it can be recharged frequently and continue to be used.

HOW TO SAFELY REMOVE YOUR BATTERY

HOW TO REMOVE A CAR BATTERY

Screw Driver Adjustable Wrench

8. Remove and inspect for any signs of damage.

WAYS TO DISPOSE DEFECTIVE CAR BATTERY

1. Take the Battery to a Designated Recycling Deport-you may look in the

4. Sell your old car battery to a junk shop.

Directions: Get a learning partner and discuss your answers to these:

A. What is the effect of lead acid in our health and environment?

Direction: Jumbled Letters. Rearrange the following jumbled letters to form.

What I Have Learned