COMMON | ABORATORY APPARATUSKNOW YOUR LAB EQUIPMENTS Test tube A test tube, also known as a sample tube, is a common piece of laboratory glassware consisting of a finger-like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top and closed atthe bottom, a Beakers Beakers are used as containers. They are available in a variety of sizes. Although they often possess volume markings, these are only rough estimates of the liquid volume. The markings are not necessarily accurate. Erlenmeyer flask Erlenmeyer flasks are often used as reaction vessels, particularly in titrations. As with beakers, the volume markings should not be considered accurate, Volumetric flask Volumetric flasks are used to measure and store solutions with a high degree of accuracy. These flasks generally possess a marking near the top that indicates the level at which the volume of the liquid {is equal to the volume writen on the outside of the flask. These devices are often used when solutions containing dissolved solids of ‘known concentration are needed. ( Pipette Pipettes are used for transferring liquids with a fixed volume and ‘quantity of liquid must be known to a high degree of accuracy.Burette Burettes are devices used typically in analytical, quantitative chemistry applications for measuring liquid solution, Differing from a pipette since the sample quantity delivered is changeable, graduated Burettes are used heavily in titration experiments. In Burette and Pipettes it is common to measure the volume delivered. This means that two volume measurements will be made. The volume delivered is the difference in these two volumes, Vou - Vii Funnel ‘A tube or pipe that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for guiding liquid or powder into a small opening. Glass rod A glass stirring rod, glass rod, stirring rod or stir rod is a piece of laboratory equipment used to mix chemicals and liquids for laboratory purposes. They are usually made of solid glass, about the thickness and slightly longer than a drinking straw, with rounded ends. Spatula In laboratories, spatulas and microspatulas are small stainless steel utensils, used for scraping, transferring, or applying powders and paste like chemicals or treatments. Many spatula brands are also / resistant to acids, bases, heat, and solvents, which make them ideal d for use with a wide range of compound. ‘Watch glass ‘A watch glass is a circular concave piece of glass used in chemistry Se as a surface to evaporate a liquid, to hold solids while being weighed, for heating a small amount of substance and as a cover for a beaker. The latter use is generally applied to prevent dust or other particles entering the beaker; the watch glass does not completely seal the beaker, so gas exchanges still occur.Volumedr rc Ana ye* Right side —_— Ex PERIMENT Wo: 1 — EsTIMaATeon OF SODIUM HYDROXIDE |AIM To Aetermine the strength of Nadu by titeat! jesse ageimst Stomolacd exalite aid setrton- | MATERIALS REQUIRED Bueethe prpette, Comeal Flosk Standard tlosk, vod woh bottle glazed tike ete: PRINCIPLE OxcUie Od bb a weak ade avct NooH » a strong bose Whew ote is tetroted with Neon the resulting weacton with be __QNaAOH + qeoott —— CONIA + 2HO c coou - Ona PROCEDURE She _g¢vew Naod is qrork: hot vely Lromsperred che a 100ml tomclard Cask and mode wp themark by odcling rilen. Prnsethe ts warhead And han ACrsed rit he grvew oxalic aud selvtron. iM ct upte zero. Wost ad “yénse te py ond ge ovt 20m g NAO Ho a Chrem Comal K~Add rorvad E a4 Irdicator ott lace Lt on je tah +o burette. Dad _oxal 2 acd +4for the brunette to tte conical {Cosk witht Corlinuons stlAsing- Cortornue the _adetven ef oxaht aud doepwise £0 tet “Ke pint _Cotounr 9 Neon setut-on dis appears on the additvon 3 gree dsep Gg Oxahe Airc. Note the $enak tte ene Reed} on the bysette- Repeot £X pent met ao get Contovdowt Voluss- RESULT a : The et ength 1 gtvew NaoH - 7 “ $8 Cotton a* Left side = HC,O, x NaOH (phenoiphathalein) Volume of Burotte Reading Volume of NaOH (my nial [Final H,C,O, (ml) 19.5 119.5 19.5 | 19.5 CALCULATIONS Volume of NaOH Solution, V, = 20 ml Volume of Oxalicacid =v, = 19.5 ml Equivalent weightofNsOH — =49 Normiality of oxalic acid N, =OQ1N . N,V,=NY, Normality of NaOH =0.1x19.5 20 Strength of NaOH solution* Right side —————__ exrerment so: 2 — ESTIMATION OF SODIUM CARBONATE | AIM To detenmime the strength of Na (0g b | titsating it asemst standard Ay deocbtene od a _ MATERIALS ReQuiReD = 4 = __ Buse tte, Y presen, Comical lasts, peat | le, ghozed teh etc. | eRivcres € = - Ne,l0, vs a weak base Ond scoets with Hee mn _ctwo sips, os givew below. | Ne, (0g 4 OL lath4 NaHCO, 4 Watt, +H 5 Nae + HO+ CO le ‘RO. cepure $e == he given Nelo, ts 9pnronclta te vely cbrovsfersed vate & tom) Stemelaad “4Co-sls amd mode upta the roast by adding water « Buavctae es washed, ore “Ram fudsed “pith tte geen {HL and te te zero- ask te Bc . ond ota ete with Ne (0, bolbucton Gerd pepelte. Ovt 20r0l- 3 NG, C0, stvton rte & Clean! “comical plesk» P44 20s 4 g jeSemge as indicator ond place“ “or the Ache Lbelow tte buseth, Add Hel from the 6, _to the comical los with cordimour Stsrien, _ Eth the _cefour — 9, tis. _Sertuitvom _CRomages fre ) ims Nete the final veedin oe oe ita peste Repeot the wf pemment to ai dl ones a get ton cwordomt _v. tees te strengtte of gee, Stolen carbonate Srbctvon 2 5.088 g It -* Left side H€{ x Na,CO3 (Mothyl Orange) Volome of Na,CO, (wal) CALCULATIONS Volume of Na,CO, Solution, V, =20 ml Volume of. ACE Vs =, 19.2 ml Equivalent weight of Na,CO, = 53 Nommality of HCl acid Normality of Na,CO, Solution NE, SYoE. 1 92 «0.1 Beaee 20 — Normality x Equivalent weight : -P.228..% 53 = 5.088 g/L MN Strength of Na,CO,