10/10/2022

Lesson 1
KEY QUESTIONS
Planet Earth &
What are the characteristics of the
its Subsystem 1.

Earth that enable it to support life?

Prepared by: JOD 2. How these characteristics sustain

the needs of living organisms?

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KEY QUESTIONS KEY QUESTIONS

1. What are the characteristics of the
Why the Earth is Earth that enable it to support life?
2. How these characteristics sustain
unique planet? the needs of living organisms?

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EARTH
- The name Earth is at least 1000 years old.
- All the planets except for Earth were
named after greek and roman gods and
goddess.
- 5th Century a.d when the Germanic tribes
migrated to Britain the word Earth came
from the ANGLO-SAXON or English German
word “ERDA” and its Germanic equivalent
“ERDE” which means ground or soil.
Next
PLANETARY HABITABILITY
is the ability to harbor life.
- Earth is the only planet that harbour life.
- It is located in the habitual zone.
- It has a molter nickel-iron outer core which
gives rise to an extensive magnetic field.
- It has an atmosphere that sheild us from
harmful radiation coming from the Sun.

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FACTORS THAT MAKE Next Back Next

NOT ENOUGH OF JUST RIGHT TO MUCH OF THE SITUATION IN THE

A PLANET HABITABLE THE FACTOR FACTOR SOLAR SYSTEM
• Low temperature • -15⁰C to 115⁰C • At 125⁰C, protein, • Only Earth’s
= slow reaction life thrives and carbohydrates, & surface is in the
(chemical) liquid water DNA/RNA start to temperature
• Low temperature exists. break apart. range.
Temperature Atmosphere = frozen water,
thus no liquid • High temperature
water = water
evaporate faster

Nutrients Energy
Temperature

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NOT ENOUGH OF JUST RIGHT TO MUCH OF THE SITUATION IN THE NOT ENOUGH OF JUST RIGHT TO MUCH OF THE SITUATION IN THE
THE FACTOR FACTOR SOLAR SYSTEM THE FACTOR FACTOR SOLAR SYSTEM
• Small planets or • Earth (and • Venus' • Earth, Venus & • Too little sunlight • Steady input of • Too much light • Inner planets
moons have Venus) are the atmosphere is Titan have and chemicals, light and energy means receives light
insufficient right size to hold 100x thicker that significant organisms die chemicals energy high temp. and than outer
gravity to hold an sufficient occur. (compare atmospheres cells functions harmful radiation planets.
atmosphere atmosphere. to the planet • Mars atmosphere UV rays
Earth) is just 1%
compared to
ours.

Atmosphere
Energy

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NOT ENOUGH OF JUST RIGHT TO MUCH OF THE SITUATION IN THE

THE FACTOR FACTOR SOLAR SYSTEM EARTH is habitable….
• Planets without • Solid planets • Too much activity • Earth has water 1.) It has the right distance from the Sun
systems to have nutrients in prevents cycle,
deliver nutrients them. Those with organisms' ability atmosphere and 2.) It is protected from harmful solar radiation by
to its organisms water cycle and to get enough volcanoes to its magnetic field (geomagnetic field)
cannot support geologic activities nutrients. circulate
life. can transport & nutrients. - Magnetic field occurs deep
replenish
chemicals within the Earth's interior, in a
needed by layer known as the outer core -
organisms
molten nickel and iron

Nutrients

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EARTH other TERRESTRIAL PLANETS
(Venus & Mars)
EARTH is habitable….
1.) It has the right distance from the Sun differences
similarities
2.) It is protected from harmful solar radiation by
all terrestrial: - Venus has no water
its magnetic field
3.) It is kept warm by an insulating atmosphere; - made up mostly of rock - Venus & Mars do not
and - have atmosphere have oxygens
4.) It has the right amount of ingredients for life, - same time to rotate on axis - Earth has life forms
- H20 on Earth & Mars
including water and carbon. - C02 – Earth - photosynthesis
- Landforms

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EARTH’S SUBSYSTEMS
GEOSPHERE – is the part of the Earth that consists the
entire planet from the center of the core to the crust. It
includes core, mantle, and crust of the Earth. “Geo=ground”
• Inner core is the innermost
layer of the Earth.
• Outer core is the second
innermost layer of the Earth.
• Both the inner and outer
cores consist primarily
of iron and nickel.
• Mantle is the thickest layer of
the Earth.
• Crust is the thin, outer layer
of the Earth.

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EARTH’S SUBSYSTEMS Exosphere

•Top of the
thermosphere
Ionosphere
•Auroras occur here
•Radio waves are

ATMOSPHERE – it is the gaseous layer above the Earth’s

•Satellites orbit reflected back to
Thermosphere here Earth from this layer
• is home to the International Space
surface primarily composed of different gases such as Station as it orbits Earth.
nitrogen and oxygen. “Blanket of gases that cover the Earth.” •This is also where you'll find low Earth
orbit satellites.
“atmos=air” •Divided into two sublayers:
Composition of the Earth's atmosphere Exosphere Ionosphere

Mesosphere
•Coldest layer of the atmosphere
Stratosphere
•Meteors burn at this layer
•Ozone layer is found here
•here most jets fly

from lowest to highest, Troposphere

the major layers are: •Layer closest to the earth
•People, plants & animals exist here
•Clouds, storms, precipitation are in this
layer

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EARTH’S SUBSYSTEMS EARTH’S SUBSYSTEMS

HYDROSPHERE – is the water part of the Earth that BIOSPHERE – is the zone of the Earth where all forms of
includes the solid (ice & glaciers), liquid and gaseous water in life exist. It is the largest subsystem or sphere of the earth.
the planet. “hydro=water” “Bio=life”

 2/3 (71%) of our planet is covered by water

 97 % is saltwater (found in oceans)
 3 % is freshwater
* 69 % frozen
* 30 % groundwater
* 1 % surface water

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“What is the connection of the four subsystem of the

Earth with each other?”
SOLAR ENEGY
What is the connection of
the four subsystem of the
Earth with each other?

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THANK
YOU 

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