BIODIVERSITY

What is Biodiversity?

Biodiversity is the variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or

ecosystem.
The word “biodiversity” describes the richness of an area in terms of its
genes, species and ecosystems. Places with the highest levels of biodiversity in
the world tend to be concentrated in tropical and -tropical
sub regions.
Each of these species and organisms work together in ecosystems, like a
complex web, to maintain balance and support life.
Biodiversity supports everything in nature that we need to survive:
food, clean water, medicine, and shelter.
.

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 “
Biodiversity
Hotspots

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 Biodiversity Hotspots

a biogeographic region that is both a significant reservoir of

biodiversity and is threatened with destruction

❧ Biodiversity-rich areas with high chance of species going

extinct, mainly because of humans starting to live there, are
said to be biological hotspots.

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 Biodiversity Hotspots
A crisis of historic proportions
due to development,
urbanization, industrialization,
pollution, and diseases is being
faced by us.
Species are going extinct at a
rate quicker than mass
extinction of dinosaurs.
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Currently, 36biodiversity
hotspots have been identified,
most of which occur in tropical
forests. They represent just 2.3%
of the Earth’s land surface, but
between them they contain 50%
of the world’s endemic plants
and 42% all terrestrial
vertebrates.
 Biodiversity Hotspots

Originally, 25 biological hotspots This 15.7% faced habitat loss of

used to cover 11.8% of the land
surface area of earth. However,
since the addition of 11 more
hotspots, land surface covered by
these hotspots increased to 15.7%.
85% and this number reduced
so much that60% of the
planet’s terrestrial life only
lives on 2.4% of the land
surface area.

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.

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Top 10 Most Threatened
Biodiversity Hotspots in
the World
 1.Cerrado , Brazil
It is the largest woodland savannah in South America.
The home to 10 endemic birds that are threatened along
with 4,400 endemic plant species.
Some of the unique species foundCerradoinclude
in the
giant armadillo, jaguar, and the giant anteater.

The Cerradohotspot is now only 450,000 square

kilometers in size with a reduction from the original 2
million square kilometers before. This occurred due to
extensive land clearance for growth of crops to feed
animals. Grazing is another major reason for that
clearance.
( Previously ranked #3

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Chapada dos Veadeiros and Cerrado protected areas, Brazil

our office
 2. Him al ayas

The Himalayas cover an This hotspot extends to an The Himalaya hotspot

extensive region of land area of 185,427 square houses incredible
including China, Myanmar, kilometers including species such as tigers,
Bhutan, Nepal, Himalaya, various natural landscapes vultures, elephants,
Bangladesh, and Pakistan. such as mountains, and buffalos, but they
Previously ranked #5 grasslands, alpine meadows,now face a persistent
and broadleaf forests. threat of extinction.

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Chitwan National Park, Nepal

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3. Polynesia-Micronesia, Southern Pacific Ocean

The hotspot covers an area Conservation international describes Polynesia -

of 41,285 kilometers and
includes coral atolls, coastal
wetlands, savannas, and
tropical rainforests.
Previously ranked #9
Micronesia hotspot as the “epicenter of the
present global extinction crisis” with 90
endemic birds being threatened and 25 bird
species already extinct in the last two centuries as
a result of overhunting, invasive species and other
reasons of wildlife endangerment.

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 4. Atlantic Forest – Brazil, Paraguay,
Argentina, Uruguay
The hotspots have The biological hotspot was The black-faced Lion
20,000 species of once covered with 1.2 Tamarin is among the many
plants, out of which million square kilometers, species endangered in the
but sadly sugar and coffee Atlantic Forests.
8,000 are endemic to
plantations have gone on
the region. It also has
to destroy these forests,
about 950 birds and leaving behind less than
many other 100,000 square kilometers
endangered species. (8% of the original
habitat).
Previously ranked #1

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Like the Amazon, the Atlantic Forest is a vital ecosystem teeming
with unique plant and animal species. ... This forest is also one of the richest
natural areas on the planet, filled with iconic species like jaguars, sloths,
tamarins, and toucans.

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 5. Indo-Burma – Myanmar, Thailand,
Cambodia, Vietnam, India, China
This hotspot is home to
7,000 endemic plant species
that include many other
species that are said to be
threatened; such as 35
amphibians, 25 mammals,
and 10 birds.

Previously ranked #6

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 6. Philippines, Pacific Ocean

Among the richest area of global biodiversity hotspots are 7100 islands of the Pacific.
Unfortunately, its species richness, high endemism and diversity are all at risk,
qualifying it to be a biodiversity hotspot.
Threats come from habitat alteration and loss brought about by the destructive
resource use, development related activities and human population pressure. The
overexploitation of natural resources,
reduced the forests
to an alarming 24% from
its original cover.
Previously ranked #10

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Batanes Protected Landscapes and Seascapes

Roadmap

Blue is the colour of the Red is the colour of danger Black is the color of ebony
clear sky and the deep sea and courage and of outer space

1 3 5

2 4 6

Yellow is the color of gold, White is the color of milk Blue is the colour of the
butter and ripe lemons and fresh snow clear sky and the deep sea

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7. Madrean Pine-Oak Woodlands , Mexico
Originally, the hotspot was Roughly 4,000 species of endemic
located in the mountainous area plants are left on theMadreanPine-
Oak Woodland, with the ecological
and extended up to 461,265
hotspot being widely known for being a
square kilometers across Mexico region consisting of millions of
and also a portion of southern monarch butterflies that seasonally fly
USA. But due to extreme logging around the region.
being carried out has led to an
80% loss of woodland’s original
natural cover.
Previously ranked #7

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Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, Mexico

Tabl et
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 8. Coastal Forests, Eastern Africa
The biodiversity hotspot The cause for continued degradation and destruction
that makes up the coastal of the area is said to be due to excessive agriculture
forests, contains a expansion for farming. Tana River Mangabey
remarkably high degree ofTana River Red Colobus
biodiversity extending
throughout eastern coast
of Somalia, Kenya,
Mozambique, and
Tanzania.
Previously ranked #4 Zanzibar Red Colobus

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 9. Cape Floral Region, South Africa
The Cape floral region is located in the Western Cape
and is reported to be the biological hotspot which
boasts the planet’s largest concentration of diverse
plant speciesper square-kilometer.

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 Cape Floral Region
The Cape Floral Region has been recognized as one of the most special places for
plants in the world in terms of diversity, density and number of endemic species.
Inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2004.
Previously ranked #2
The Cape floral region also provides a habitat
for cape sugar-bird and geometric tortoise.

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 10. Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica is Mesoamerica is a It is the habitat to quetzal
located across biodiversity hotspot that and the howler monkey.
Mexico, Guatemala,is tropical as well as sub
-
Belize, Honduras, tropical. The ecosystem is
known to be incredibly
El Salvador,
bio-diverse in terms of
Nicaragua, Costa endemic mammals, birds,
RicaandPanama. and amphibians. They
also host more than
17,000 plant species.

Previously ranked #8

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 Timeline

Blue is the colour of the Yellow is the color of Blue is the colour of the
clear sky and the deep Red is the colour of Black is the color of gold, butter and ripe White is the color of clear sky and the deep
sea danger and courage ebony and of outer spacelemons milk and fresh snow sea

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Yellow is the color of White is the color of Blue is the colour of the Red is the colour of Black is the color of Yellow is the color of
gold, butter and ripe milk and fresh snow clear sky and the deep danger and courage ebony and of outer spacegold, butter and ripe
lemons sea lemons

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Biodiversity Hotspot Protection Efforts
Here are some of the ways we can protect these biological hotspots:

❧ Building significant awareness within the society to work on biodiversity,

communities, and livelihoods. You can do that by practicing
Social Forestry.
❧ Mainstreaming of biodiversity, communities, and livelihood into development,
planning and prioritizing of these hotspots.
❧ Innovative and strong responses to illegal wildlife trade.
❧ Empowering and creating awareness amongst the community to engage in
conservation management efforts.
❧ Safeguard the endemic and priority species by mitigating threats
wildlife
to
endangerment!

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Thanks for l istening

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GOD created everything beautiful and perfect

It is our duty to take care of it

WE HAVE ONLY ONE EARTH !!!

 References

https://www.worldwildlife.org/pages/what-is-biodiversity

https://www.environmentbuddy.com/endangered-wildlife/list-of-
biodiversity-hotspots-examples/?f

https://biodiversityphilippines.org/philippines-as-a-
biodiversity-hotspot/

https://rainforests.mongabay.com/mata-atlantica/
https://youmatter.world/en/definition/definitions-biodiversity-what-is-it-
definition-protection-loss-and-csr-commitments/

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