BRUCELLA

causes UNDULANT FEVER or

MALTA FEVER in man
 Media for Isolation
• Castaneda’s medium
• Trypticase Soy Agar
• Tryptose agar
• Brucell broth/agar
• Wisconsin medium
 Species
• B. abortus – epidemic abortion in cattle
- H2S producer
- urease (+) within 2 to 24 hrs
- grow on medium with Basic
Fucsin but not with Methionine
• B. melitensis – abortion in sheep and goat
- maybe +/- in H2S production
- urease production within 2 to 24 hrs
- grow in medium with basic fuchsin and
methionine
• B. suis - abotion in swine
- +/- in H2S production
- urease production with 0 -15 mins.
- does not grow in medium with Basic
Fuchsin
- grow in medium with Thionine
• B. canis- abortion in dogs
- negative in H2S production
- urease production with 0-15 mins
- does not grow in medium with Basic
Fuchsin
- grow in medium with Thionine
 BORDETELLA
B. pertussis
causes WHOOPING COUGH
3 Stages
1. catarrhal
2. paroxysmal
3. convalescent
 Bordetella parapertussis
• urease(+)
• nitrate (-)
• non-motile
• citrate (+)
• large colonies with brown pigment on
Bordet Gengou agar
• causes milder form of pertussis-like
symptoms
 Bordetella bronchiseptica
• motile with peritrichous flagella
• rapid urease producer
• nitrate (+)
• citrate (+)
• oxidase (+)can grow on conventional
culture media
• causes septicemia and
 LEGIONELLA
• L. pneumophila
- ubiquitous aquatic organism that thrives in
temp between 25-45 C
causes legionellosis (legionnaires disease and
PONTIAC FEVER)
- unable to grow on McConkey and BAP
- cultivated in Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract
(BCYE)
- motile thin Gram (-) rod
- weakly catalase (+), gelatinase (+)
Potential Sources of Contaminated
Water
cooling towers used in industrial cooling water systems as well as in
large central air conditioning systems,
evaporative coolers,
hot water systems,
showers,
windshield washers,
whirlpool spas,
architectural fountains,
room-air humidifiers,
ice making machines,
misting equipment,
and similar disseminators that draw upon a public water supply
 FRANCISELLA
• non-motile, aerobic ,encapsulated, non-
sporeforming, intracellular, pleomorphic Gram (-)
bacilli
• requires medium containing cystine and cysteine

F. tularensis
• causes tularemia or rabbit fever
The CDC has classified tularemia as a Class A
bioterrorism agent due to its ease of
dissemination, morbidity, and ability to infect with
as few as 10 bacterial organisms
Laboratory workers and farm workers may be at
risk of infection from aerosolization.
 What are the Symptoms of Tularemia?

• sudden fever
• chills
• headaches
• diarrhea
• muscle aches
• joint pain
• dry cough
• progressive weakness
• life-threatening pneumonia, chest pain, bloody sputum
• difficulty breathing
• ulcers on the skin or mouth, swollen and painful lymph
glands, swollen and painful eyes, and a sore throat.
 How Does Tularemia Spread?
• being bitten by an infected tick, deerfly or
other insect
• handling infected animal carcasses
• eating or drinking contaminated food or
water
• breathing in the bacteria, F. tularensis
• Tularemia is not known to be spread from
person to person.
 Pasteurella
• Pasteurella multocida is a small, gram-negative,
nonmotile, non–spore-forming coccobacillus with
bipolar staining features.
• often exists as a commensal in the upper
respiratory tracts of many livestock, poultry, and
domestic pet species, especially cats and dogs.
• Animal bites, licks or scratches may result in
cellulitis +/- bacteremia.
• susceptible to penicillins, tetracyclines or
chloramphenicol.
• Occasionally associated with dog bite
infections.
• Occasional cause of pneumonia.
• Rare cause of bacteremia or endocarditis.
• Cat bites have less crush injury and
trauma than dog bites, but more often
result in osteomyelitis and septic arthritis.
Diagnosis based on culture (swab, blood,
body fluid)
P. multocida infection
 Mortality/Morbidity

• It is estimated that 10-20 human deaths

per year occur following an animal bite.