L.J.

Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

Subject Name: CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS-I

Subject Code: 3130507
Faculty: Mr. Jaimin Pandya
Sr CHAPTER – 1 Marks
No INTRODUCTION AND FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
SHORT QUESTIONS 1
1. Define: Isolated system. (New-June-2017) [LJIET] 1
2. Define: Intensive proper and give an example. (New-June-2017) [LJIET] 1
3. Define: Extensive property. [LJIET] 1
4. Define: State function. (New-Nov-2016) [LJIET] 1
5. Define: Path function. (New-June-2017) [LJIET] 1
6. What is a Steady flow Process? (New-Nov-2016) [LJIET] 1
7. Define Co-efficient Of Performance.(New-June-2016) [LJIET] 1
8. State degree of freedom at critical point.(New-June-2017) [LJIET] 1
9. Define the Phase rule for non-reacting system (New-Nov-2016),(New-June-2017) 1
[LJIET]
10. Define: First law of thermodynamics. [LJIET] 1
11. Define: Enthalpy. [LJIET] 1
12. Define: Heat capacity. (New-June-2017) [LJIET] 1
13. Define: Specific Heat (New-Nov-2016) [LJIET] 1
14. Why Cp-Cv for solid and liquid is very small compared to gas? [LJIET] 1
15. Why Cp is always greater than Cv .[LJIET] 1
16. Distinguish between system and surrounding.(New-June-2016),(New-Nov-2016) 1
[LJIET]
17. Explain intensive properties and extensive properties. (New-June-2016) [LJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. State the various laws of thermodynamics and explain briefly the importance 7
of each law.(June-2011,) (June-2016) [LJIET]
2. Distinguish between intensive and extensive properties with suitable example. 4,3
(June-2011) (New-Nov-2017), (New-Nov-2019)[LJIET] [LJIET]
3. Differentiate: 7
(1) Intensive and extensive properties.
(2) Reversible and Irreversible process. (June-2017) [LJIET]
4. Differentiate between (1) Intensive Vs. Extensive property (2) State Vs. Path 7
Function? (Nov-2017) [LJIET]
5. Distinguish between state function and path function. (Dec-2010) (June- 3,4
2011,Dec-2015),(June-2016)(New-Dec-2018) (New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
6. Differentiate between: 3
(i) State function Vs Path function (ii) Reversible process Vs Irreversible process
(3) Closed and Open systems (New-May-2019) [LJIET]
7. Discuss briefly: (1) State and path functions (2) Closed and open systems. (New- 4
Dec-2019)[LJIET]
8. Write a short note on internal energy. (+June-2011) [LJIET] 3
9. What is heat engine and thermal efficiency of heat engine? (June-2011) [LJIET] 2
10. What is heat pump and COP of pump? (June-2011) [LJIET] 2
11. Define: 1) Process 2) System 3) Specific Heat 4) Equilibrium State 5) Closed 7
System 6) Enthalpy 7) Internal Energy (May-2012) [LJIET]

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

12. Define: (i) internal energy, (ii) heat capacity, (iii) path function (iv) intensive 7
property, (v) reversible process (vi) triple point, (vii) Isobaric process. (Jun-2015)
[LJIET]
13. Discuss PdV-work or displacement work with diagram and explain path function 7
and point function with example. (Dec-2012)[LJIET]
14. Distinguish between steady state and equilibrium state. (New-Dec-2015), (New- 7
Nov-2017) (New-Dec-2019)[LJIET] 4
15. Discuss different forms of stored energy and show that the Energy is a property of 7
the system. (Dec-2012)[LJIET]
16. Define enthalpy with its units and discuss specific heat at constant pressure in 7
terms of enthalpy (Dec-2012)[LJIET]
17. Derive the steady flow energy equation (S.F.E.E) for a steady flow process (Dec- 7
2012)[LJIET]
Or
Derive equation for first law of thermodynamics for a steady state flow process.
(Dec-2013) [LJIET](New-June-2016)(New-Nov-2016), (June-2017) [LJIET]
Or
Derive a mathematical expression of the first law of thermodynamics for a steady
state flow process between a single entrance and a single exit.(May-2012),(June-
2016) [LJIET]
Or
State mathematically the first law of thermodynamics that can be used for solving
steady state fluid flow problems. (New- Dec-2015) (New-Nov-2017) [LJIET]
Or
What is thermodynamics? Derive a mathematical expression of the first law of
thermodynamics for a steady state flow process. (Dec-2010) (Jun-2015) [LJIET]
Or
Starting from fundamentals, Derive a mathematical expression of the first law of
thermodynamics for a steady state flow process. (New-Dec-2018) [LJIET]
OR
Derive equation for first law of thermodynamics for a steady state flow process.
(New-Dec-2019)[LJIET]

18. State first law of thermodynamics? Derive the expressions for 1st law of 7,4,3
thermodynamics for non-flow process. (June-2013,Dec-2015)(New-June-2017)
(New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
Or
Derive the expressions for First law of Thermodynamics for non-flow process.
(New-May-2019) [LJIET]
19. Discuss briefly: 1)state and path function 2)closed and open system (Dec-2013) 7,4
,(New-June-2016)[LJIET]
20. Write short note ideal gas temperature scale. (Dec-2013) [LJIET] 7,3
Or
What is the importance of ideal gas temperature scale? (New-Nov-2017) [LJIET]
21. Define First Law of thermodynamics? Explain the limitation of first law of 7,3
thermodynamics? (June-2010) (June-2014) (New-June-2017) [LJIET]
22. Discuss Reversible and Irreversible processes with suitable examples.(Dec- 7,2
2010)(Nov-2011, Dec -2015)[LJIET]
23. Write short note on “Gibb’s phase rule”.(Nov-2011),(June-2016) (New-Nov- 7,4,3
2019)[LJIET]

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

24. Show the relation between temperature, pressure and volume in case of reversible 7
adiabatic Process for an ideal gas. (New-June-2015)[LJIET]
25. Define extensive and intensive properties. State whether the following properties 7,3
are extensive or intensive: (a) density, (b) volume, (c) specific volume, (d) heat
capacity, (e) specific heat, (f) potential energy, (g) pressure, (h) temperature.
(New-June-2015)[LJIET]
Or
State whether the following properties are extensive or intensive: (a) temperature,
(b) volume, (c) specific volume (d) heat capacity, (e) potential energy, (f)
pressure.(New-June-2016) (New-Nov-2016) (New-Dec-2018) (New-Dec-
2019)[LJIET]
26. Discuss strength and limitations of thermodynamics in chemical 7,3,4
engineering.(New-June-2015) (New-Nov-2017) (New-Dec-2018) [LJIET]
27. Define and explain the reversible process. Describe reversible expansion of a gas 4
with necessary diagram. (New-June-2017) (New-Dec-2018) [LJIET]
28. Prove that ‘A reversible process is never attained in practice. It can only be 7
approached’.(New-Dec-2015) (New-June-2016) [LJIET] 4
29. How many degrees of freedom have each of the following system? 3
i)Liquid water in equilibrium with its vapor
ii)Liquid water in equilibrium with a mixture of water vapor and nitrogen
iii)A liquid solution of alcohol in water in equilibrium with its vapor (New- Dec-
2015) (New-June-2016)[LJIET]
30. Define: Heat engine and Heat Pump. How are the efficiency of a heat engine and 7
the COP of a Heat pump defined? .(New-Dec-2015)[LJIET]
31. Differentiate between Heat pump and Heat engine. (New-Dec-2018) [LJIET] 4
32. Explain working principle of a heat pump. (New-May-2019) [LJIET] 4
33. Explain the term ‘temperature’. Mention different units of temperature and 4
relation among various temperature scales with diagrams. (New-Nov-2016)
[LJIET]
34. State and explain the Zeroth Law of thermodynamics. (New-Dec-2019)[LJIET] 3
NUMERICALS

1. A stationary mass of gas is compressed without friction from an initial state of 0.3 7
m3 and 0.105 MPa to a final state of 0.15m3 and 0.105 MPa, the pressure
remaining constant during the process. There is a transfer of 37.6 kJ of heat from
the gas during the process. How much does the internal energy of the gas change?
(Dec-2012)[LJIET]
2. Nitrogen gas is confined in a cylinder and the pressure of the gas is maintained by 7
a weight placed on the piston. The mass of the piston and the weight together is 50
kg. The acceleration due to gravity is 9.81 m/s2 and the atmospheric pressure is
1.01325 bar. Assume frictionless piston. Determine:
i) The force exerted by the atmosphere, the piston and the weight on the gas if the
piston is 100 mm in diameter.
ii) The pressure on the gas.
iii) If the gas is allowed to expand pushing up the piston and the weight by 400
mm, what is the work done by the gas in kJ? (Dec-2010)((New-Dec-2015)(New-
Dec-2018) [LJIET]
3. A special manometer fluid has a specific gravity of 3.65 and is used to measure a 4
pressure of 1.25 bar at a location where the barometric pressure is 760 mm Hg.
What height will the manometer fluid register? (New-Nov-2016) [LJIET]

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

CHAPTER – 2
VOLUMETRIC PROPERTIES OF PURE FLUIDS
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Define : Internal Energy (Nov-2016) [LJIET] 1
2. What do you mean by equation of state? (New-Nov-2016) [LJIET]
3. Define: Acentric factor.(New-June-2017) [LJIET] 1
4. What do you mean by saturation pressure and saturation temperature of a 1
substance?(New-June-2016) [LJIET]
5. Which are the significant characteristics of ideal gas?(New-June-2016) [LJIET] 1
6. Define Equation of State. (New-June-2017) [LJIET] 1
7. Mention characteristics of ideal gas. (New-June-2017) [LJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Obtain expression to relate Vander Waal’s constant ‘a’ and ‘b’ in terms of critical 7,4,7
properties. (June-2011) (New-Nov-2016),(June-2017) [LJIET]
Or
Derive the expression for Tc,Vc, Pc, a and b for gas obeying van der waals
equation of state?
(June-2010)(June-2014), [LJIET]
Or
Determine expression to estimate van der Waals EOS parameters a and b in terms
of critical properties. (Dec-214) [LJIET]
Or
Explain Cubic equations of state and derive expressions of constants ‘a’ and ‘b’ of
Vander Waal’s EOS in terms of critical properties of a substance. (Dec-2010) (New-
June-2015),(New-Nov-2017) [LJIET]
Or
Show that for a van der Waals gas, PcVc = (3/8) R Tc.(New-June-2016,)
[LJIET]
Or
Derive equation of constants of Vander Waal’s equation of state in terms of
critical constants of a substance using condition at critical point in PV diagram.
(New-May-2019) [LJIET]
2. State various equations of state for real gas. Discuss Van der Waals equation in 7,4
detail.
(June-2015) [LJIET]
Or
Write short note on van der Waals equation of state. (Nov-2011) (New-June-2017)
[LJIET]
OR
Explain about Van- Der-Waals equation of state. (New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
3. Derive the expression for change in entropy when an ideal gas changes its state 7
from (P1, V1, T1) to (P2, V2, T2) for following process-
1) Constant volume process.
2) Constant pressure process.
3) Isothermal process. (New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
4. Explain the P-V-T behaviour of pure fluids with the help of neat diagram. (June- 7
2010 May-2012, June-2014) [LJIET]
Or
Discuss the P-V-T behaviour of pure liquids with PT diagram for a pure material
(Dec-2010) (Dec-2012) [LJIET]

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

Or
Discuss the PVT behaviour of pure substance.(June-2013,Dec-2013,New-June-
2015) (June-2017) [LJIET]
Or
Discuss the PVT behaviour of pure substance with the help of PT and PV
diagrams.((New-Dec-2015),(Dec-2015),(Jun-2015),(June-2016),(New-Nov-
2016),(New-Nov-2017),(Nov-2017) (New-May-2019) [LJIET]
Or
Explain PVT behavior for a pure liquid with a neat diagram. (New-June-2016),
(New-June-2017) (New-Dec-2019) (New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
5. State various equations of state for real gases. Discuss virial equation in brief. 7,4,3
(May-2012, June-2013) [LJIET]
Or
Discuss virial equations and their applications. (June-2010)(Dec-2013) (New-
June-2017) (New-May-2019) (New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
Or
Starting from basic principles, obtain different forms of virial equations, Also,
explain the physical significance of virial coefficient. (New-Nov-2016)(New-
Dec-2018) [LJIET]
OR
State various equations of state for real gases. (New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
6. Write the various equation of state along with formula.(June-2016) [LJIET] 7
7. Explain the principle of corresponding states and discuss the generalized 3,7,4
compressibility chart. (Dec-2012),(New-Nov-2017)(New-Dec-2018) [LJIET]
Or
Explain about principle of corresponding states. (New-June-2015,) (New-June-
2016), (New-Nov-2016) (New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
Or
What is law of corresponding states? Explain how this law is modified using
Pitzer’s modification. (June-2011) [LJIET]
OR
Explain the principle of corresponding states. (New-Dec-2019)[LJIET]
8. For an ideal gas undergoing adiabatic process, show that (T2/T1) = (V1/V2)γ -1 7
(June-2013) [LJIET]
Or
For an adiabatic process prove that PVγ= constant(Dec-2013) [LJIET]
Or
An adiabatic process for which there is no heat transfer between system and its
surrounding. Establish the relation between P, V and T for the same. (Nov-2011)
((New-Dec-2015) [LJIET]
9. State and explain “Two Parameter” theorem of generalized correlations for gases. 7,3
(New-June-2017) (New-May-2019) [LJIET]
10. Show that for a van der Waals gas, 7

(New-Dec-2019)[LJIET]
11. Starting from basic principles, obtain various forms of Virial equation. Explain 4
physical significance of Virial coefficients. (New-Dec-2019)[LJIET]
NUMERICALS

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

One mole of an ideal gas with CP = (7/2)R and CV = (5/2)R expands from P1 = 8
8 bar and T1 = 600K to P2 = 1 bar by each of following paths:
i) constant volume
1. ii) constant temperature
iii) adiabatically
Assuming mechanical reversibility, calculate Q, W, ;H and ;U for each
Process where R = 8.314 kJ/kmol.K. (June-2011) [LJIET]
One kilo mol CO2 occupies a volume of 0.381 m3 at 313 0K.Compare the 7
pressures given by a). Ideal gas equation b). van der Waals equation. Take the van
2.
der Waals constants to be a = 0.365 Nm4/mol2 and b = 4.28 x 10 -5 m3/mol. (May-
2012),(June-2016) [LJIET]
Nitrogen gas is initially at 10 bar and 280 K is undergoing a change of state to the 7
final Condition of 1 bar and 340 K. Assuming ideal gas condition, calculate
3.
change in internal energy and change in enthalpy. Given that: R=8.314 kJ / kmol
K, Cp=29.1 kJ / kmol K, Cv =20.8 kJ / kmol K. (Dec-2013) [LJIET]
An ideal gas with Cv = 1.5R undergoes the following mechanically reversible
changes in a series of non-flow processes as given below: 7
a) From an initial state of 70 °C and 1 bar, it is compressed adiabatically to 150
°C.
4.
b) It is then cooled from 150 °C to 70 °C at a constant pressure.
c) Finally the gas is expanded isothermally to its original state.
Calculate Q, W, U and H for each of the three processes and for the cycle. (June-
2010) (June-2013),(Nov-2017) [LJIET]
An ideal gas is undergoing a series of a three operations. The gas is heated at 7
constant volume from 300 K and 1 bar to a pressure of 2 bar. It is expanded in a
5. reversible adiabatic process to a pressure of 1 bar. It is cooled at constant pressure
of 1 bar to 300 K. Determine the heat and work effects for each step. Assume
CP=29.3 kJ/kmol K, CV=20.985 kJ/kmol K. (June-2017) [LJIET]
Heat is transferred to10 kg of air which is initially at 100 kPa and 300 K until its 7
temperature reaches 600 K. Determine the change in internal energy and change in
enthalpy, amount of heat supplied and the work done for a Constant volume
6.
process. Assume air as an ideal gas. Given that: R=8.314 kJ / kmol K, Cp=29.099
kJ / kmol K, Cv =20.785 kJ / kmol K and molecular weight of air =29 (Dec-
2013),(New-Nov-2017)(New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
An ideal gas initially at 1 bar and 298.15 K is compressed to 5 bar and 298.15 K 7
by a two-step process: first isobaric cooling and then isochoric heating. Calculate
⧍U, ⧍H, Q, W for each step considering heat capacities independent of
7.
temperature, CV = 20.78 J/ (mol K) and CP = 29.10 J/ (mol K). At 298.15 K and 1
bar the molar volume of the gas is 0.02479 m3/mol. (Dec-2014)(New-June-
2017)(New-Dec-2018) (New-May-2019) [LJIET]
Calculate Z and V for ethylene at 298.15 K (25°C) and 12 bar by the three-term 7
8. virial equation with the following experimental values of virial coefficients:
B = – 140 cm3 mol-1 and C = 7200 cm6 mol-2. (Dec-2014)[LJIET]
Reported values for the virial coefficients of isopropanol vapor at 200 ⁰C are: B = 7
- 388 cm3 / mol and C = - 26000 cm6 / mol2.Calculate V and Z for isopropanol
vapor at 200 ⁰C and 10 bar by the following equations.(i) Ideal gas equation (ii)
9.
the truncated virial equation of state considering two terms on right hand side.(iii)
the truncated virial equation of state considering three terms on right hand
side.(Nov-2011)(New-June-2017) [LJIET]

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

Calculate V and Z for ethane at 50 ⁰C and 12 bar by the following equations: 7

(i) The truncated virial equation of state with a value of B from the generalized
10. Pitzer correlation.
(ii) The Redlich / Kwong equation of state. Data given for ethane are: TC = 305.4
K, PC = 48.8 bar, VC = 148 cm3 / mol, ZC = 0.285, ɷ= 0.098.(Nov-2011)[LJIET]
One mole of an ideal gas at 0.5 MPa and 300 k is heated at constant pressure till
the volume doubles and then it is allowed to expand reversibly and adiabatically 7
till the temperature is reduced to 300 K. calculate the heat and work interaction if
11.
it is desired to restore the system from final state to its initial state by reversible
isothermal process. Determine the amount of work to be done on the system.
(Nov-2011)[LJIET]
Reported values for the virial coefficients of isopropanol vapor at 200 ⁰C are: B = 7
- 388 cm3 / mol and C = - 26000 cm6 / mol2. Calculate V and Z for isopropanol
vapor at 200 ⁰C and 10 bar by the following equations. (i) Ideal gas equation (ii)
the truncated virial equation of state considering three terms on right hand side.
(New-June-2015) [LJIET]
12. Or
Reported values for the Virial coefficients of Isopropanol vapor at 200 oC are: B =
-388 cm3/mol and C = -26000 cm6 / mol2. Calculate V and Z for iso-proponal
vapor at 200 oC and 10 bar by the following equations. (i) Ideal gas equation (ii) Z
= 1 + (B /V) + ( C/V2)
(New-Dec-2018) [LJIET]
A particular quantity of an ideal gas Cv=(5/2) R undergoes the following 7
mechanically reversible steps that together form a cycle. The gas, initially at 1 bar
and 300 K, is compressed isothermally to 3 bar. It is then heated at constant P to a
13.
temperature of 900 K. Finally; it is cooled at constant volume to its initial state
with the extraction of 1,300 J as heat. Determine Q and W for each step of the
cycle and for the complete cycle. (Dec-2010)(Dec-2015) [LJIET]
A mass of 500 gm of gaseous ammonia is contained in a 30000 cm3 vessel 7
immersed in a constant temperature bath at 65 °C. Calculate the pressure of the
gas by using generalized virial coefficient correlation.
Data Given:
14. Molecular weight of ammonia = 17 gm/mol
At 65 °C, Tc= 405.7 K, Pc=111.32 atm, Acentric factor (w) = 0.253

(Jun-2015) [LJIET]
15 kg of water is kept at temperature of 35˚ C on one side of partitioned insulated 7
vessel while on the other side 30 kg of water at 75˚ C is kept. When the partition is
removed, the two masses are mixed and uniform conditions are attained. Find (a)
15. The overall entropy change of 45 kg of water. If 10% of total heat is lost to the
atmosphere which is at 30˚ C. (b) The total change in entropy as a result of this
process. Data: Average heat capacity of water = 1 kCal/kg K. (New-Dec-
2019)[LJIET]
CHAPTER – 3
HEAT EFFECTS
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Define: Sensible heat.(New-Nov-2016) [LJIET] 1

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

2. Define latent heat of sublimation.(New-Nov-2016) [LJIET] 1

3. Define: Standard heat of combustion. (New-Nov-2016) [LJIET] 1
4. Define: Standard heat of formation.(New-Nov-2016),(New-June-2017) [LJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Define standard heat of reaction, standard heat of combustion and standard heat 7,2,6,
of formation with example (Dec-2012,Dec-2014) [LJIET] 3,4
Or
Define the following.
i. Standard heat of reaction.
ii. Standard heat of combustion.
iii. Standard heat of formation.(Dec-2010) (June-2013) (New-June-2016), (New-
Nov-2017) (New-Dec-2018) [LJIET]
Or
Define the standard heat of reaction and the standard heat of combustion.(New-
June-2015) [LJIET]
Or
Define i) standard heat of formation ii) standard heat of combustion iii) standard
heat of reaction iv) latent heat(New-May-2019) [LJIET]
2. Explain sensible heat, latent heat, standard heat of reaction, standard heat of
formation and standard heat of combustion with examples of each.(Dec-2015) 7
[LJIET]
3. Write down the equation for prediction of the heat of vaporization at normal 2
boiling point. (New-June-2015) [LJIET]
4. Write in brief on “Heat effects accompanying phase change”(June-2013) 7
[LJIET]
5. Discuss effect of temperature on heat of reaction and derive necessary equation. 7
(Dec-2013) (New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
Or
Define heat of reaction. Derive the equation showing the effect of temperature on
heat of reaction. (June-2017) [LJIET]
6. Define (1) Heat of reaction (3)Hess’s law of constant heat summation. (Nov-2017) 4
[LJIET]
7. Discuss four different correlations to estimate latent heat of vaporization of pure 7,3,4
substances. (Dec-2014) (New-June-2017) (New-May-2019) [LJIET]
8. Define the following 4
i. Sensible heat
ii. Latent heat
iii. Standard heat of combustion
iv. Standard heat of formation (New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
NUMERICALS
How much heat is required when 200 g of CaCO3 is heated at atmospheric 4
pressure from 30⁰C to 700⁰C?
1.
Data: Cp/R = 12.572 + 2.637 x 10-3 T - 3.12 x 105 T-2, T is in K
(Dec-2010) [LJIET]
For steady flow in a heat exchanger at approximately atmospheric pressure, what
2. is the amount of heat required when 10 moles of SO2 is heated from 200⁰C to
1100⁰C

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

Heat capacity of SO2 is given by: 4

Cpig/R = 5.699+0.801×10-3T- 1.015 × 105 T-2 J/(mol.K) T is in K (New-Nov-
2016) [LJIET]
The standard heat of reaction at 298K is -42.433 KJ for the reaction 8
C2H4(g) + H2O(g) C2H5OH(g)
Calculate the Heat of reaction at 400 K. The constants in the capacity equation.
Cp = a +b T+ c T2 are given below:

3. a B C
C2H4 11.85 119.75×10-3 -36.53×10-6
H2O 30.98 9.62×10-3 1.19×10-6
C2H5OH 29.27 166.39×10-3 -49.93×10-6

(Cp is in J/mol.K and T in K) (June-2011),(New-Nov-2017) [LJIET]

Calculate the standard heat of reaction of methanol synthesis at 750⁰C 7
CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g)
Consider standard heat of reaction at 298.15 K is -90135 J

A B×103 C×106 D×10-5

CH3OH 2.211 12.216 -3.450 0.0
CO 3.376 0.557 0.0 -0.031
H2 3.249 0.422 0.0 0.083

Cp/R = A+BT+CT2+DT-2 J and T in K. (Dec-2014, June-2013) [LJIET]

Or
4. 7
Calculate the standard heat of reaction of methanol synthesis at 800⁰C
CO(g) + 2H2(g) CH3OH(g)
Consider standard heat of reaction at 298.15 K is -90135 J

A B×103 C×106 D×10-5

CH3OH 2.211 12.216 -3.450 0.0
CO 3.376 0.557 0.0 -0.031
H2 3.249 0.422 0.0 0.083

Cp/R = A+BT+CT2+DT-2 J and T in K. (New-June-2017) (New-May-

2019) [LJIET]

For the following reaction, standard heat of reaction at 298 K is -164.987 kJ. 7
CO2 (g) +4 H2 (g) → 2H2O (g) + CH4 (g)
Calculate standard heat of reaction at 773 K. Cp = α+βT+γT2 , Value of constants
α, β and γ are given below (J/mol K).
α β γ
5. CO2 26.75 42.26 × 10-3 -14.25 × 10-6
H2 26.88 4.35 × 10-3 -0.33 × 10-6
-3
H2O 26.19 14.49 × 10 -2.02 × 10-6
CH4 13.41 77.03 × 10-3 -18.74 × 10-6
(New-June-2016) (New-Dec-2019)[LJIET]
6. Ammonia is Synthesized according to the following reaction: 10

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

0.5 N2 + 1.5 H2 = NH3 ; ⧍H⁰298 = 46.222 KJ

The specific heats of the components are represented by Cp = a +b T+ c T2
(Cp is in J/mol.K and T in K) and constant a ,b, and c are:
Component A b C
-3
N2 27.31 5.2335×10 -4.1868×10-9
-4
H2 29.09 -8.374×10 -2.0139×10-6
NH3 25.48 36.89×10-3 -6.305×10-6
Express the heat of reaction as function of temperature. (New-June-2015)
[LJIET]
Define Hess law and using Hess’s law, calculate the heat of formation of methane 3
gas from the following heat of combustion data:
7. (i) CH4 (g) +2O2 (g) CO2(g) +H2O (l) ΔH°298 = -890.94 KJ
(ii) C(s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ΔH°298 = -393.77 KJ
(iii) H2(g) + ½ O2 (g) H2O (l) Δ H°298 = -286.03 KJ (New-Nov-2016) [LJIET]
Define Hess’s law of constant heat summation? Using Hess’s law, calculate the
heat of formation of solid CaCO3 7
8. Ca(s) + 0.5 O2(g) CaO(s) ΔH°298 = -635.77 KJ
C(s) + O2(g) CO2(g) ΔH°298 = -393.77 KJ
CaO(s) + CO2(g) CaCO3(s) ΔH°298 = -178.15 KJ (June-2014) [LJIET]
Define Hess’s Law of Constant Heat Summation? Using Hess’s Law calculate 7
the heat of formation of Chloroform(CHCL3) with the following given data :
1) CHCl3(g) + ½ O2(g) + H2O(l) CO2(g) + 3HCl (g) ; Δ H°298 = - 509.93 KJ
9. 2) H2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) H2O(l) ; Δ H°298 = -296.03 KJ
3) C(s) + O2(g) CO2 (g) ; Δ H°298 = -393.78 KJ
4) 1/2H2(g) +1/2Cl2(g) HCl (g) ; Δ H°298 = -167.57 KJ
June- 2010 [LJIET]
Handbook value for the latent heat of vaporization in J/kg are given in the table 7
for benzene at Tn, the normal boiling point.
Calculate: i) the value of the latent heat at Tn by Watson method, given the value
at 25⁰C, (ii) the value of the latent heat at Tn by Riedel equation.
10.
Component ∆Hlv at ∆Hlv at Tn Tn (K) Pc (bar) Tc(K)
25⁰C (J/g) (J/g)
Benzene 433.3 393.9 353.2 48.98 562.2
(Dec-2010) (New-Nov-2016) [LJIET]
CHAPTER – 4
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Limitation of First law thermodynamics. (New-June-2016) [LJIET] 1
2. State Carnot theorem for heat engines. (New-June-2017) [LJIET] 1
3. Give the Kelvin-Plank statement of second law of thermodynamics (New-June- 1
2016) [LJIET]
4. Distinguish between enthalpy and entropy. (New-June-2016) [LJIET] 1
5. Mention third law of thermodynamics. (New-June-2017) [LJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. State general statements for the second law of thermodynamics.(Dec-2013,June- 7,4,3
2014) [LJIET]
Or
State explain various statements for the second law of thermodynamics. (Dec-

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

2010)(Dec-2015), (New-June-2017) (New-May-2019) [LJIET]

OR
Mention various statements of second law of thermodynamics. (New-Dec-2018)
[LJIET]
2. List any two statement of second law of thermodynamics and explain the concept 7
of entropy.(New-Dec-2015,) [LJIET]
3. State various statements of 2nd law of thermodynamics. Explain various steps of 7
Carnot cycle. (June-2017) [LJIET]
4. Explain. 1). Clausius Inequality. 2). Kelvin – Planck Statement.(May-2012) 7,4
[LJIET]
Or
Explain in brief: Clausius Inequality. (New-June-2016)(New-Dec-2018) (New-
Dec-2019)[LJIET]
OR
Define the statements for the second law of thermodynamics
i. Clausius Statement
ii. Kelvin – Planck Statement(New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
5. Explain concept of entropy in brief.(Dec-2010) (Dec-2015) (New-June-2017), 7,5,4,
(June-2017),(Nov-2017)(New-Dec-2018) (New-May-2019) [LJIET] 3
6. State mathematically the principle of the increase in entropy and hence show that 7
“the entropy of the universe is increasing”. (New-June-2015), (New-Nov-2017)
[LJIET]
Or
Prove that entropy of universe is increasing. (May-2012) [LJIET]
7. Explain and prove Carnot’s principle with neat sketch.(Dec-2013) (New-Nov- 7
2019)[LJIET]
8. State the mathematical statement of second law of thermodynamics. (Nov-2017) 7
[LJIET]
9. A reversible heat engine A absorbs energy from a reservoir at T1 and rejects 7
energy at reservoir T2. A second reversible engine B absorbs the same amount of
energy as rejected by engine A from the reservoir at T2 and rejects the energy to
reservoir at T3. What is the relation between T1, T2 and T3 if:
i) The efficiency of engine A and B are same.
ii) The work delivered by engines are same. (June-2011),(June-2016) [LJIET]
10. Write short note on Carnot cycle as an ideal gas temperature scale and also derive 7
the equation of efficiency for the same. (Nov-2011)[LJIET]
11. Derive the expression for change in entropy when an ideal gas changes its state 7
from (P1, V1, T1) to (P2, V2, T2). (June-2011),(June-2015), (June-2016) [LJIET]
Or
Derive an expression of entropy change involving ideal gas for following process? 7
1) Constant volume process.
2) Constant pressure process.
3) Isothermal process.
Also find the change in entropy when 2 Kg of a gas at 277 K is heated at constant
volume to a temperature of 368 K. given Cv = 1.42 KJ/Kg.K. (June-2010)
[LJIET]
12. Write a short note on Third law of thermodynamics. (June-2014), (New-Nov-2016) 3,7
(New-Dec-2018) (New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
Or

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

State the third law of thermodynamics. (New-Nov-2017) (New-Dec-2019)[LJIET]

13. Discuss the Gibb’s paradox and mathematical statement of second law of 7
thermodynamics with necessary equations and diagrams. (Nov-2011)[LJIET]
14. For an ideal gas with constant heat capacities, show that for a temperature increase 4
from T1 to T2, ∆S of the gas is greater when the changes occurs at constant
pressure than when it occurs at constant volume. (New-Nov-2016) [LJIET]
15. 7
For an ideal gas prove that = (New-Nov-2016) [LJIET]

NUMERICALS
1. Hydrocarbon oil is to be cooled from 425 K to 340 K at a rate of 5000 kg/h in a 7
parallel flow heat exchanger. Cooling water at a rate of 10000 kg/h at 295 K is
available. The mean specific heats of the oil and water are 2.5 kJ/kg.K and 4.2
kJ/kg.K respectively.
i) Determine the total change in entropy. Is the process reversible?
ii) If a reversible Carnot engine is to be operated receiving the heat from the oil
and rejecting the heat to the surroundings at 295 K, how much work would be
available?(June-2011) [LJIET]
2. A steel casting [Cp = 0.5 kJ kg-1 K-1] weighing 40 kg and at a temperature of 7,4,6
450°C is quenched in 150 kg of oil [Cp = 2.5 kJ kg-1 K-1] at 25°C. If there are no
heat losses, what is the change entropy of (i) the casting (ii) the oil and (iii) both
considered together? (Dec-2010,June-2013,Dec-2015),(June-2016),(New-Nov-
2017),(Nov-2017) [LJIET]
3. Oil at 500 K is to be cooled at a 5000 kg/h in a counter-current exchanger using 7
cold water available at 295 K. A temperature approach of 10 K is to be maintained
at both ends of the exchanger. The specific heats of oil and water are 3.2 and 4.2
kJ/kg K. Calculate total entropy change in the process. (Dec-2013,New-Dec-2015)
(June-2017) (New-Dec-2018) [LJIET]
4. A block of copper at a temperature of 825 K and weighting 5 kg is dropped into 7
50 kg water at 300 K. If there are no heat losses what is the change in entropy of
(a) copper, (b) water, and (c) copper and water both considered together? Cp of
copper is 0.4 kJ/kg K and that of water is 4.2 kJ/kg K. (New-June-2015) (New-
May-2019) [LJIET]
5. An inventor claims to have devised a cyclic engine which exchanges heat with 7
reservoirs at 27°C and 327°C, and which produces 0.6 kJ of work for each kJ of
heat extracted from the hot reservoir. Is the claim believable? If instead he
claimed that the delivered work would be 0.25kJ / kJ of extracted heat, would the
engine be feasible? ((New-Dec-2015) [LJIET]
6. Explain: Third law of Thermodynamics? It is Known that the molar heat capacity 7
of a substance at low temperature can be approximated by the relation Cp = a*T3,
where ‘a’ is constant. Determine the molar entropy of a metal at 10 K if the molar
heat capacity at this temperature is 0.45 J/ mol.K. (June-2010) [LJIET]
7. 1 mole of water vapour is condensed at 100° C, then cooled to 0°C and then 4
frozen at this temperature. The heat of vaporization at the boiling point and the
heat of fusion at freezing point are 539.7 and 79.7 cal/g respectively. Find ΔS for
this process. Cp of water = 1 cal/gm K.(New-June-2016)[LJIET]
8. Assuming air is mixture of 21 % oxygen and 79% nitrogen by volume calculate entropy 3
of 1 kmol air relative to pure oxygen and nitrogen, all at the same temperature and
pressure. (New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
CHAPTER – 5
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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

THERMODYNAMICS PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS

SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Significance of Gibbs free energy. (New-June-2016)[LJIET] 1
2. What is fundamental property? (New-Nov-2016) [LJIET] 1
3. Define Helmholtz energy. (New-June-2016)[LJIET] 1
4. Explain importance of Maxwell’s equation in establishing relationship between 1
thermodynamic properties. (New-June-2016)[LJIET]
5. What is Mollier diagram? (New-June-2017) [LJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Differentiate between reference properties, energy properties and derived 7,4
properties. (New-Nov-2017) (New-Dec-2018) [LJIET]
2. What is the criterion of exactness? Using the criterion of exactness derive the 7
Maxwell equation. (June-2013) (New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
3. Derive from the first principle 10
i) dH = CpdT + {V – T (∂V/∂T)P}dP
ii) dS = Cp(dT/T) – (∂V/∂T)P dP (June-2011) [LJIET]
4. Using Maxwell’s equation prove that : dH = CpdT + V(1 – βT)dP 10,7,3
dS = CpdT/T - βVdP ,4
Where β = Volume expansivity (June-2010) (June-2015) (New-June-2015)
(New-May-2019) [LJIET]
Or
Using Maxwell’s equation prove that : dH = CpdT + V(1 – βT)dP Where β = Volume
expansivity (New-June-2017) (New-Dec-2018) (New-Dec-2019) (New-Nov-
2019)[LJIET]
5. Derive following relationships: 7,4
i) Cp-Cv = (Dec-2010) [LJIET].
ii) = (Dec-2010) (Dec-2015) [LJIET].
6. 7
Derive: ds = dT - (June-2017) [LJIET]

7. Derive first of the four Maxwell’s Equations and state its application in 7,4
thermodynamics (Dec-2012, Dec-2015,New-Dec-2015)[LJIET]
Or
Derive Maxwell thermodynamics relations. (May-2012),(June-2016) [LJIET].
Or
Prove Maxwell’s equations.(June-2010)(Dec-2013), (June-2017) [LJIET]
Or
Starting from the definition of primary thermodynamics properties, derive
Maxwell’s equations.
(Dec-2014) (New-May-2019)[LJIET]
Or
For homogeneous fluid of constant composition write down fundamental property
relation and Maxwell Equations using Born diagram. (June-2015) [LJIET]
Or
Derive Maxwell’s equations using fundamental property relations for a
homogeneous fluid of constant composition. (New-June-2017) [LJIET]
Or

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

Write in Brief about Maxwell relation. State the importance of it? (Nov-2017)
[LJIET]
8. What are Maxwell’s equations and what is their importance in establishing 7
relationships between thermodynamic properties? (New-Nov-2017) [LJIET]
9. With the help of Maxwell relation prove that Cp-Cv= β2*V*T/ k (June-2014) 7
(New-June-2016) [LJIET]
10. Using the different form of Maxwell equation, discuss the various form of 7
differential equation for entropy calculation. (Nov-2011)[LJIET]
11. Discuss the procedure for evaluation of enthalpy and entropy as a function of 7,4
temperature and pressure for an ideal gas.(Nov-2011)[LJIET]
Or
Derive the equation for enthalpy and entropy as function of temperature and
pressure.
(New-Nov-2016) [LJIET]
12. Develop equations for evaluating the change in internal energy and enthalpy for 7
the process involving ideal gas as working fluid. (Nov-2011)[LJIET]
13. Write a short note on Thermodynamic Diagrams. (June-2013), (June-2017) (New-Nov- 7,3,4
2019)[LJIET]
Or
Discuss about thermodynamic diagrams.?(June-2011,Dec-2014,New-June-
2015,june-2015) (New-June-2017) (New-Nov-2017),(Nov-2017) (New-May-
2019) (New-Dec-2019)[LJIET]
Or
Write a short note on Thermodynamic Diagrams. (Dec-2010)(May-2012) (New-
Nov-2016) [LJIET]
Or
State types of thermodynamic diagrams and discuss any one of them. (Dec-2013),
(New-June-2016) [LJIET]
Or
Explain various types of thermodynamic diagrams in brief. (Dec-2015) [LJIET]
14. Write a short note on Mollier diagram and P H diagram. (Jun-2015) [LJIET] 7
15. Write a short note on Residual Property. (June-2014), (New-June-2016) [LJIET] 7,3,6
Or
Write a short note on Residual Property and departure functions. (Dec-2010)(Dec-
2015) [LJIET]
Or
What is residual property? Derive fundamental property relation for residual
properties applied to fluids of constant composition. (Dec-2014) [LJIET]
16. Explain residual properties in brief. (New-Dec-2019)[LJIET] 4
17. Explain the importance of departure function in thermodynamic study? (Nov- 7
2017) [LJIET]
18. Derive Clausius- claperyon equation. Calculate the vapour pressure of water 363 7
K, if the vapour pressure at 373 K is 101.325 KJ/Kmol.K. The mean heat of
Vaporization in this temperature range is 2275 KJ/Kg. (June-2014) [LJIET]
19. Discuss about latent heat of pure substance and derive Claperyon equation of 7,4
phase transition. (New-Dec-2015) (New-Dec-2018) [LJIET]
Or
For the two phase systems, derive Clausius / Claperyon equation relating latent
heat of vaporization directly to vapor-pressure curve.(Dec-2010)(Dec-2015)
[LJIET]

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

Or
For two phases α and β of pure species coexisting at equilibrium giving relation
between molar gibbs energies of individual phase, derive Clausius Clapeyron
equation. Clearly mention all assumptions required. (Jun-2015) [LJIET]
20. Give significance of Compressibility factor and volume expansivity. (New-May- 3
2019) [LJIET]
NUMERICALS
1. The molar volume of an organic liquid at 300 °K and 1 bar is 0.1 m3/Kmol and its 7
coefficient of expansion is 1.25 x 10-3 K-1. What would be the change in entropy if
the pressure is increased to 20 bar at 300 °K? What assumption is involved in the
solution? (Dec-2012)[LJIET]
2. The equation of state of a certain substance is given by the expression: V=RT/P- 7
C/T3and the specific heat is given by the relation CP = A + BT where A, B and C
are constants. Derive an expression for change in U, H and S for (i) Isothermal (ii)
isobaric process. (Nov-2011)[LJIET]
3. Mercury has a density of 13.69 x 103 kg/m3 in the liquid state and 14.193 x 103 7
kg/m3 in the solid state, both measured at the melting point of 234.33 °K at 1bar.If
the heat of fusion of mercury is 9.7876 kJ/kg, What is the melting point of
mercury at 10 bar?
(May-2012), (June-2017) [LJIET]
4. Estimate the change in enthalpy and entropy when liquid ammonia at 270 K is 7
compressed from its saturation pressure of 381 kPa to 1200 kPa. For saturated
liquid ammonia at 270 K, and V1=1.551 ×10-3 m3 kg-1 β= 2.095×10-3 K-1 (Jun-
2015) [LJIET]
5. Give general definition for Residual properties. Derive equation to calculate 7
residual molar volume (VR) of any pure component gas. Calculate the residual
molar volume (VR) of isopropanol vapor at temperature 473 K and pressure 1000
kPa. Data given: At 473 K and 1000 kPa, Compressibility factor (z) = 0.9014
(Jun-2015) [LJIET]
6. It is required to freeze 1 kg water at 273 K by means of a refrigeration machine 7
which operates in the surrounding at 300 K. the latent heat of fusion of ice at 273
K is 334.11 kJ/kg. Determine (1) the minimum amount of work required (2) the
heat given up to the surrounding. (June-2017) [LJIET]
CHAPTER – 6
THERMODYNAMICS OF FLOW PROCESS:
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. What is the function of Nozzle? [LJIET] 1
2. Define: Mach Number. [LJIET] 1
3. Define: sonic velocity. [LJIET] 1
4. Define: Supersonic velocity. [LJIET] 1
5. What is the function of Ejector? [LJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1. For flow of fluid through a nozzle, obtain an expression for critical pressure ratio 7
(P2/P1) in terms of ratio of specific heats (γ).(June-2011) [LJIET]
2. Derive the expression dA/du = ( A/u) *(M2-1) for gas flow through nozzle. Where 7
M is Mach Number. A is cross sectional area for flow and u is the velocity. (June-
2014) [LJIET]
3. Discuss about multistage compression.(June-2011,June-2015,New-june- 7,4,3

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

2015,Dec-2013),(June-2016), (New-Nov-2016) [LJIET]

Or
Discuss briefly about single and multistage compressors. (Dec-2010) (New-Nov-
2019)[LJIET]
4. Explain why multistage compression with inter cooling requires less work as 4
compared to single stage compression for same compression ratio. (New-June-
2016) [LJIET]
OR
Why work required in multistage compression with inter cooling is less than that
in single stage compression for same compression ratio? (New-Dec-
2019)[LJIET]
5. Show that the maximum fluid velocity attainable for flow through a pipe of 7,6,4
uniform cross section is equal to the speed of the sound in the fluid..(May-
2012),(New-Nov-2017) [LJIET]
Or
What is Mach number? Show that the maximum fluid velocity attainable for flow through
a pipe of a uniform cross-section is equal to the sonic velocity. (Dec-2014) (New-Dec-
2015) (New-Nov-2016), (Nov-2017) [LJIET]
Or
Define Mach number. How is it important in establishing the relation between the
velocity and the area of cross-section for flow through nozzles? (May-
2012),(June-2016) [LJIET]
Or
Starting from energy balance equation and the continuity equation. Show that
maximum velocity attained by a gas in steady – state adiabatic flow in a horizontal
pipe of constant cross-sectional area is u2max = . (Dec-2010) (Dec-2015)

(New-June-2017) [LJIET]
Or
For the flow of fluid through nozzles, derive the equation showing relation
between cross sectional area A and velocity u. Also explain the significance of
Mach number. (June-2017) [LJIET]
OR
Show that the maximum fluid velocity attainable for flow through a pipe of uniform
cross-section is equal to the sonic velocity. (New-Dec-2019)[LJIET]
6. Discuss the necessity of using a multistage compressor with inter-stage cooling & 7
show that in the multistage compressor, the total work requirement is minimum
when the work in all stages is the same provided the gas is cooled to the initial
temperature after each stage?(June-2013) [LJIET]
7. What is an ejector or jet pump? Explain with drawing of steam-jet ejector. (May- 7,4,3
2012), [LJIET]
Or
Write a short note on Jet ejector. (June-2016), (New-Nov-2016)(New-June-2017)
(New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
Or
Discuss thermodynamics fundamentals of compressors and ejectors in brief.
(Dec-2015) (New-May-2019) [LJIET]
Or
Write a Short note on Ejector (New-Dec-2018) (New-Dec-2019)[LJIET]
8. Define: sonic velocity, nozzle and Mach no. (New-June-2017) (New-May-2019) 3

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

[LJIET]
9. Explain relation between sonic velocity, nozzle and Mach no. (New-Dec- 4
2019)[LJIET]
NUMERICALS
1. Air at 1 bar and 25 °C enters a compressor at low velocity, discharges at 3 bar and 7
enters a nozzle in which it expands to a final velocity of 600 m s-1 at the initial
condition of temperature and pressure. If the work of compression is 240 kJ per kg
of air, how much heat must be removed during compression? (June-2015)
[LJIET]
CHAPTER – 7
REFRIGERATION AND LIQUEFACTION
SHORT QUESTIONS
1. Define: Refrigeration.(New-Nov-2016) [LJIET] 1
2. “A good refrigerant should have low latent heat of evaporation.” Justify the 1
statement. (New-June-2016) [LJIET]
3. What is Joule-Thomson co-efficient? (New-June-2016) [LJIET] 1
DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
1 Define Refrigerator capacity and coefficient of Performance. (New-Nov-2016) 3
[LJIET]
2 Explain Cascade Refrigeration with suitable diagram? (Nov-2017) [LJIET] 7
3 Explain Carnot refrigerator and derive the COP for the same. ((New-Dec-2015) 7,4
[LJIET]
Or
Derive an equation for the COP (coefficient of performance) of Carnot
refrigeration cycle. .(Dec-2010),(June-2016) [LJIET]
4 Explain vapor compression cycle in details with diagrams.(June-2010) (June- 7
2011),(June-2016) [LJIET]
Or
Discuss vapour compression cycle of refrigeration with the help of neat
diagrams.(Dec-2010) (May-2012) [LJIET]
Or
Discuss the vapour compression cycle with the diagram of components of vapour-
compression cycle (Dec-2012)[LJIET]
Or
Write a brief note on Vapor compression refrigeration system? (June-2013, June-
2014,Dec-2014) [LJIET]
Or
Discuss the Vapor compression cycle with neat sketch and temperature – entropy
as well as pressure – enthalpy diagrams. (Nov-2011) (New-June-2016) (New-
Nov-2016) [LJIET]
Or
Write short note on vapor compression refrigeration cycle(New-May-2019)
[LJIET]
5 Explain the principle of absorption refrigeration with diagram and discuss 7,4
absorption refrigeration cycle.(June-2010) (Dec-2012)[LJIET]
Or
Write a brief note on Absorption refrigeration system? (June-2013,June-2015),
(June-2017) [LJIET]

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

Or
Describe absorption refrigeration cycle(New-May-2019) (New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
6 What are the major modifications in “Vapour absorption refrigeration cycle” as 3
compared to “Vapour compression refrigeration cycle”? (New-June-2016)(New-
Dec-2018) [LJIET]
7 Explain the air refrigeration cycle in detail with advantage and disadvantage. Also 7
derive the equation for coefficient of performance in terms of temperature. (Nov-
2011)[LJIET]
8 Define refrigeration, coefficient of performance (COP) and refrigeration capacity. 7
Show schematic representation of refrigeration cycle (Dec-2012)[LJIET]
9 Discuss about factors affecting the choice of refrigerant.( June-2013) (New- 7,4,3
June-2017) [LJIET]
Or
Discuss the important properties to be considered during the choice of a
refrigerant. (Dec-2012), (June-2017) [LJIET]
Or
Discuss important properties of a refrigerant.(Dec-2013,New-June-2015),(Nov-
2017) [LJIET
Or
Explain: Choice of Refrigerant for Refrigeration. (June-2014),(New-Nov-2017)
[LJIET]
Or
Discuss any four major four desirable properties of a good refrigerant. (New-Nov-
2016), (New-June-2016) [LJIET]
Or
Explain factors affecting choice of refrigerant with examples(New-Dec-2018)
[LJIET]
Or
Write short note on Choice of Refrigerant for Refrigeration(New-May-2019)
[LJIET]
OR
Discuss any three major desirable properties of good refrigerant. (New-Nov-
2019)[LJIET]
10 Discuss Joule-Thompson expansion of liquefaction process.(June-2011),(June- 7,4,3
2016) [LJIET]
Or
Explain the linde- process for gas – liquefaction.(May-2012,Nov-2011,June-
2015, New-June-2015),(June-2016),(New-Nov-2017) (New-Dec-2018) [LJIET]
Or
Explain any method of liquefaction process (June-2010) ( June-2013,Dec-
2015,New-Dec-2015) [LJIET]
Or
Write short note on throttling process or Joule – Thomson expansion. (Nov-2011)
(New-June-2016) (New-Dec-2019)[LJIET]
Or
Explain Liquefaction of gas with T-S diagram? (Nov-2017) [LJIET]
Or
Discuss the Linde process for gas liquefaction. (New-May-2019) [LJIET]
OR

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

Explain working principle of Linde liquefaction process in brief. (New-Dec-

2019)[LJIET]
11 Write a Short note on Claude process for gas liquefaction with neat diagram. 7,4,3
(June-2014) (New-June-2017) (New-May-2019) [LJIET]
Or
Explain working principle of Claude liquefaction process in brief. (New-June-2016)
(New-Dec-2018) [LJIET]
12 Explain working principle of a heat pump. (Dec-2014),(Nov-2017) [LJIET] 7
13 State the Joule-Thomson Coefficient and explain the Joule-Thomson inversion 7
curve (Dec-2012)[LJIET]
14 Distinguish between Heat engine and Heat pump”(June-2010) (June-2013,June- 7,3
2014,June-2015) (New-June-2017) [LJIET]
15 Define: Joule Thomson Coefficient? Derive expression for joule Thomson 7
coefficient and also compute its value for ideal gas? (June-2014) [LJIET]
16 Explain vapour compression refrigerant cycle with neat flow diagram and T-S 7
diagram. (New-Dec-2019)[LJIET]
17 Discuss properties of a suitable refrigerant. (New-Dec-2019)[LJIET] 4
NUMERICALS

1 A refrigeration machine operating at a condenser temperature of 290 K needs 1 7

kW of power per ton of refrigeration. Determine:
i) The coefficient of performance.
ii) The heat rejected to the condenser.
iii) The lowest temperature that can be maintained.
Given that: 1 Ton of refrigeration = 12660 kJ/h=3516.67 W (June-2010) (June-
2011),(May-2012),(Dec-2013),(Dec-2014),(June-2016),(New-Nov-2017),(Nov-
2017) (New-Nov-2019)[LJIET]
2 A vapour-compression cycle using ammonia as refrigerant is employed in an ice 7
manufacturing plant. Cooling water at 288 °K enters the condenser at a rate of
0.25 kg/s and leaves at 300 °K. Ammonia at 294 °K condenses at a rate of 0.5
kg/minute. Enthalpy of liquid ammonia at 294 K is 281.5 KJ/Kg. The compressor
efficiency is 90%. Saturated ammonia vapour at 258 K and enthalpy of 1426
KJ/Kg. enters the compressor. What is the power requirement of the compressor
and refrigeration capacity in tons? (Dec-2012),(June-2015)[LJIET]
3 A vapour compression refrigeration system with ammonia as the working fluid is 7
to operate between 266 K and 300 K. Determine-
(a) (a)COP, given that the enthalpy of saturated vapour at 266 K = 656 KJ/kg and
enthalpy of superheated vapour leaving the compressor = 724 KJ/kg, enthalpy of
saturated liquid at 300 K = 144KJ/kg
(b) COP of an ideal Carnot refrigerator (Dec-2012),(New-Dec-2015) (New-Dec-
2019)[LJIET]
4 A cold room is maintained at 261K using an air-refrigeration system which
Should absorb 1000KJ/min. Cooling water is available at 293 K. Air leaves the
Compressor at 506.5 Kpa and later expanded to 101.3 KPa. Assume air to behave 7
as an ideal gas
Find: (1) COP of unit. (2) Power Requirement.
Take Cp= 1.008 KJ/Kg and γ = 1.4 (June-2014) [LJIET]
5 Carnot engine is coupled to a Carnot refrigerator so that all of the work produced 7,6
by the engine is used by the refrigerator in extraction of heat from a heat reservoir

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 L.J. Institute of Engineering & Technology Semester: III (2020)

at270 K at the rate of 4 kJ/s. The source of energy for the Carnot engine is a heat
reservoir at 500 K. if both devices discard heat to the surroundings at 300 K, how
much heat does the engine absorb from the 500 K reservoir?
If the actual coefficient of performance of the refrigerator is ω = ωcarnot/1.5 and
if the thermal efficiency of the engine is η = ηCarnot/1.5, how much heat does the
engine absorb from the 500 K reservoir?
(Dec-2010) (New-June-2016) [LJIET]

Faculty: Mr. Jaimin Pandya

CET-I 2020 Page 20