Course Code: MLS 014

Module #3 Student Activity Sheet

Section: ____________ Schedule: _____________
Class number: _______ Date: ________________
Name:
__________________________________________________

Lesson title: PRIMARY HEMOSTASIS: Materials: Module Manual, Ballpen,

PLATELETS Paper/Notebook
Learning Targets:
At the end of the module, students will be able to: References: Rodak, B.F., Keohane, E.M.,
1. Enumerate the stages of maturation of Walenga, J.M., & Smith, L.J. (2016). Rodak’s
platelets from megakaryocytopoiesis to Hematology: Clinical principles and
thrombocytopoiesis, applications (Fifth edition). St. Louis Missouri:
2. Differentiate the three terminal Elsivier
megakaryocyte differentiation stages by its
nucleus, nucleoli, chromatin, mitosis,
endomitosis, and demarcation system.

A. LESSON PREVIEW

Good day! Let’s have a quick recap on what you learned last meeting. Let’s start with the types of blood
vessels which include the Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries. The blood vessel layers are tunica externa,
tunica media and tunica intima from the outer to the inner portion of the vessel respectively. Primary
Hemostasis refers to the role of blood vessels and platelets in response to vascular injury. Let us now
deepen our knowledge about platelets, their structure and how they are formed.

B. MAIN LESSON
 TERMINAL MEGAKARYOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION

1. MK-I or megakaryoblast –least differentiated -has plasma membrane blebs that resemble platelets
2. MK-II or promegakaryocyte – formation of Demarcating Membrane System
3. MK-III or megakaryocyte – nucleus is intensely indented or lobulated.

THROMBOCYTOPOIESIS – platelet shedding

Hormones and Cytokines of Megakaryocytopoiesis

A. Stimulants
1. Thrombopoietin – its primary source is the liver
2. Interleukin-3
3. Interleukin-6
4. Interleukin-11
5. Stem cell factor/ kit ligand/ mast cell growth factor
6. GM-CSF
7. G-CSF

B. Inhibitors
1. Platelet factor 4
2. Β-thromboglobulin
3. Neutrophil-activating peptide 2
4. Interleukin-8

Before we learn the platelet ultrastructure, here are some important points to remember about the precursors
and cells we just covered.

Megakaryocytes are the largest cells in the bone marrow.

A single megakaryocyte may shed 2000-4000 platelets.
Circulating, resting platelets are biconvex and nonnucleated blood cells.
Platelet lifespan: 8-12 days
Reticulated/ stress platelets are markedly larger than ordinary platelets and appear in compensation for
thrombocytopenia.

PLATELET ULTRASTRUCTURE

1. Peripheral Zone
a. Glycocalyx - outer surface, fuzzy coating primarily composed of glycoproteins.
b. Plasma membrane - bilayer of phospholipids. - the predominant lipids are phospholipids.

Phospholipids that predominate in the plasma layer:

1. Phosphatidyl choline 2. Sphingomyelin

Phospholipids that predominate in the inner cytoplasmic layer:

1. Phosphatidylinositol - supply arachidonic acid
2. Phosphatidylethanolamine
3. Phosphatidylserine - flips to the external surface and is responsible in the assembly of the coagulation
factor complexes in the surface.
2. Sol Gel Zone
a. Microfilaments - actin and myosin
b. Microtubules – maintains platelet’s
discoid shape

3. Organelle Zone
a. Mitochondria - production of ATP
b. α-granules - platelet factor 4, platelet-
derived growth factor, thrombospondin,
vWF, fibrinogen, fibronectin, factor V
c. Dense granules - calcium, ADP, pyrophosphate, ATP, serotonin, magnesium
d. Lysosomes

4. Membranous System
a. Dense tubular system – a condensed remnant of rough endoplasmic reticulum
-sequesters calcium and bears a series of enzymes that support platelet activation
b. Surface connecting canalicular system – the route for endocytosis and for secretion of α-granule contents
upon platelet activation

Check for Understanding

1. Primary source of the hormone responsible in inducing thrombocytopoiesis
A. Kidneys C. Stromal cells
B. Smooth muscle cells D. Liver
2. Which platelet organelle sequesters calcium?
A. G protein C. DTS
B. Dense granules D. SCCS
3. A single megakaryocyte may shed
A. 1000-2000 thrombocytes C. 2000-4000 thrombocytes
B. 2000-4000 thrombopoietin
4. Hormone responsible in inducing thrombocytopoiesis
A. TPO C. Growth hormone
B. EPO D. Platelet
5. Controls platelet shape change, extension of pseudopods, and secretion of granule
A. Pseudopods C. Thrombofilaments
B. Actin microfilaments D. Lysosome
C. LESSON WRAP-UP

You are done with the session! Let’s track your progress.

You are to accomplish the classroom assessment technique called 3-2-1 once again. On a one-fourth piece of
paper, you individually write the following:
THREE things you have completely LEARNED.
TWO things you would like to LEARN MORE ABOUT.
ONE QUESTION you still have.

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