AIM: - Study of Step Up Chopper Using PWM Technique

APPARATUS:-
1. Experimental Kit.
2. Patch Chords.
3. Power Supply.
4. Power Scope.
THEORY:-
A chopper is a static power electronics device that converts fixed dc voltage to a
variable dc output voltage. As chopper offers one stage conversion ,these are more efficient.
Choppers are used in trolley cars, marine host, forklift trucks etc. The future electric
automobiles are likely to use chopper for their speed control and braking. Chopper system
offers smooth control , high efficiency faster response and regeneration facility. The power
semiconductor devices used for chopper can be forced commutated thyristors, power BJT,
MOSFET and IGBT. These devices are represented by switch. When switch is off no current
can flow. Current flows through the load when switch is “on”.
A chopper is a high speed “on” or “off” semiconductor switch . It connects the source
to the load and disconnect the load from the source at a fast speed. In this manner chopped
load voltage is obtained from constant dc supply.
In DC step up chopper L is used in series with positive DC line with particular value of
capacitor C connected across the load. So because of L-C combination and chopping at
particular frequency we get step up output.
Control using Pulse width modulation (PWM)
In this scheme on-time is varied but chopping frequency is kept constant. Variation of
TON means adjustment of pulse width, this scheme is called pulse width modulation
scheme.

Step Up Chopper (Boost Converter)

The main working principle of boost converter is that the inductor in the input circuit
resists sudden variations in input current. When switch is OFF the inductor stores energy in
the form of magnetic energy and discharges it when switch is closed. The capacitor in the
output circuit is assumed large enough that the time constant of RC circuit in the output stage
is high. The large time constant compared to switching period ensures a constant output
voltage of
Vo (t) = Vo (constant). The switch can be a MOSFET/IGBT. The output voltage can be
varied depending on the duty cycle of the switch which is given by the expression

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect link across point marked as “ Link or ammeter”

2. Power on the unit.
3. Measure the input DC voltage with the help of multimeter.
4. Put the switch in PWM side and measure the voltage across load R(TP5)
5. As the duty cycle is changed, intensity of light will change. Take the readings at
different duty cycle.
6. Also observe the waveform at TP1 and you can note down duty cycle and frequency.

RESULT & CONCLUSION:

AIM: - Study of Step Up Chopper Using PWM Technique

APPARATUS:-
1. Experimental Kit.
2. Patch Chords.
3. Power Supply.
4. Power Scope.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM.

OBSERVATION TABLE
PWM CONTROL (Sample Reading)

S.No. Input Voltage Output Voltage (V) Duty Cycle in %

1 24 60 60 %

2 24 120.5 80 %

3 24 153 84.3 %

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS:

1. What are the different control strategies found in choppers?

2. Explain the principle of operation of a chopper?
3. What is the function of chopper?
4. What are the advantages of DC choppers?
5. What is step up chopper?