CHAPTER THREE

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Introduction

This study will assess the availability and utilization of recreational facilities among staffs of

Universities in South-South zone, Nigeria. This chapter will discuss research design, population

of the study, sample and sampling procedure, instrumentation, validation of the instrument,

procedure for data collection and procedure data analysis.

3.2 Research Design

The researcher will employ descriptive research design. This is because the study is by nature

non-experimental. Thus no variable will be manipulated by the researcher. According to

McCombes (2019) descriptive research aims to accurately and systematically describe a

population, situation or phenomenon. It answers question on; what, when, where and how but not

why questions which determine cause and effect in which experimental research is required. A

descriptive research design uses a wide variety of quantitative and qualitative method to

investigate one or more variable by observing and measuring them.

3.3 Population of the Study

The population of the study comprise of all academic and non-academic staff of Federal and

State Universities in South-South Zone, Nigeria totaling 462,995 (Federal Ministry of Education,

2019) See Appendix B

Table 1: Population of Federal and State Universities in South-South Zone
S/NO STATES UNIVERSITIES POPULATION
1. Akwa-Ibom State University of Uyo 75,424
2. Bayelsa State Federal University Otuoke 13,998
3. Cross-River State University of Calabar 72,885
4. Delta State Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun 11,669
Nigerian Maritime University Okerenkoko, Delta 12,667
State
5. Edo State University of Benin 95,955
6. Rivers State University of Port-Harcourt 85,991
7. Akwa-Ibom State Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden. 12,442

8. Bayelsa State Niger Delta University Yenagoa 10,664

University of Africa Toru Orua, Bayelsa State 5,554
Bayelsa Medical University 7,998
9. Cross-River State Cross River State University of Technology, Calabar 8,774
10. Delta State Delta State University Abraka 11,779
11. Edo State Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma 14,852
Edo University Iyamo 6,889
12. Rivers State Ignatius Ajuru University of Education,Rumuolumeni 8,447
River State University 7,007
Total 462,995
(Federal Ministry of Education, 2019)
LIST OF PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTH-SOUTH ZONE
S/NO STATES UNIVERSITIES
1. Akwa-Ibom State Obong University, Obong Ntak

Ritman University, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom

Topfaith University, Mkpatak, Akwa Ibom State

2. Bayelsa State NONE

3. Cross-River State Havilla University, Nde-Ikom, Cross River State

4. Delta State Edwin Clark University, Kaigbodo

Micheal & Cecilia Ibru University

Novena University, Ogume

Western Delta University, Oghara Delta State

Admiralty University, Ibusa Delta State

5. Edo State Benson Idahosa University, Benin City

Igbinedion University Okada

Samuel Adegboyega University, Ogwa.

Wellspring University, Evbuobanosa – Edo State

Mudiame University, Irrua, Edo State

6. Rivers State Rhema University, Obeama-Asa – Rivers State

Arthur Javis University Akpoyubo Cross river State

PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Portharcourt

TOTAL
(Federal Ministry of Education, 2019)
3.4 Sample and Sampling Procedure

A total of 663 academic and non-academic staff of Federal and state owned Universities will be

used as the sample size for the study. This will be drawn using proportionate sampling procedure

from the Universities for the fact that there could be disparity in the population across the

Universities to be selected. This is in line with research adviser (2006), which asserted that for a

population of four hundred and sixty-two thousand nine hundred and ninety-five (462,995), six

hundred sixty-three (663) will be used as representative of the population.

The researcher will use a multistage sampling procedure to select the sample for the

study. According to Njodi and Bwala (2004), multistage sampling is a procedure carried out in

phases and usually involves more than one sampling method. They further stated that in a very

large and diverse study population, sampling may be done in two or more stages. Multi-stage

sampling is selected in stages, taking into account the hierarchical structure of the population.

However, the stages for sample selection in this study are as follows:

Stage 1:- One of the existing geo-political zones (South-South Zone) will be used for this study.

This zone consists of six (6) states, which are Akwa-Ibom State, Bayelsa State, Cross River

State, Delta State, Edo State and Rivers State.

Stage 2:- Simple random sampling technique will be used to pick three (3) states from the total

number of states from South-South Zone.

Stage 3: Purposive sampling technique will be used to pick one federal university (since each of

this selected states have just one federal university) from each of the three (3) selected states.

Stage 4: Simple random sampling technique will be used to pick one State university from the

three (3) states randomly selected.

Stage 5: Simple random sampling technique will be used in selecting male and female academic

and non-academic staff from all the randomly selected federal and states Universities in South-

South Zone, Nigeria

Table 2: Sample Size of selected Federal and State Universities in South-South Zone
S/NO STATES UNIVERSITIES POPULATION SAMPLE SIZE
1. Bayelsa State Federal University Otuoke 13,998 111
2. Edo State University of Benin 95,955 111
3. Rivers State University of Port- 85,991 111
Harcourt
4. Bayelsa State Niger Delta 10,664 110
University Yenagoa
5. Edo State Ambrose Alli University, 14,852 110
Ekpoma
6. Rivers State Ignatius Ajuru University 8,447 110
of
Education,Rumuolumeni
Total 663
(Federal Ministry of Education, 2019)

3.5 Instrumentation

The instrument to be used for Data collection in this study is the researcher made structured

questionnaire titled ‘Availability Checklist and Utilization of Recreational Facilities Assessment

questionnaire’ (ACURAFQ). The questionnaire will be of five sections (A – F). Section A will

seek for demographic information of the respondents, Section B will seek information on

Availability of recreational facilities, Section C will contain statement on utilization of

recreational facilities in the Universities, Section D, will contain items on the differences in the

utilization of recreational facilities among academic and non-academic staff, Section E contains

items on the utilization of recreational facilities among male and female academic staff while

Section F will contain statements on the differences in the utilization of recreational facilities
among male and female non-academic staff. For the analysis of the research questions, the

criterion or acceptance mean of 3.5 will be used in making decisions. If the relative mean of an

item is equal to or greater than 3.5, it will be considered that the respondents were in agreement

with the suggested item while any mean less than 3.5 imply disagreement.

3.6 Validation of the Instrument

To ensure the face and content validity of the instrument, the first draft of the questionnaire will

be made available to the supervisors for their inputs and corrections. The major supervisor then

appoints 3 to 5 experts in the Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education who will

serve as Jurors to vet the questionnaire. Their observations, corrections and positive inputs will

be incorporated before a final draft been reproduced ready for administration.

3.7 Procedure for Data Collection

The researcher alongside with two (2) research assistants will distribute the questionnaire to the

academic and non-academic staff selected in their respective Universities. Where a

systematically selected staff is found unavoidably absent, next to him or her in the list will be

automatically selected until the require number to be selected is reached. Two (2) weeks will be

allocated for this exercise to avoid stressing the respondents and to ensure full collection of the

questionnaire. The research assistants will help in collecting back the distributed questionnaire

and made available for data analysis.

3.8 Procedure for Data Analysis

Descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage will be used to analyse the demographic

characteristics of the respondents. Mean ( x ) and standard deviation (Sd) will be used to answer
the research questions. Chi-Square statistics will be used to test hypotheses 1 and 2 while t-test

will be used to analyse hypotheses 3, 4 and 5 at 0.05 level of significant.

FACULTY OF EDUCATION
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY ZARIA

QUESTIONNAIRE ON AVAILABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF RECREATIONAL

FACILITIES AMONG STAFF OF UNIVERSITIES IN SOUTH-SOUTH ZONE,
NIGERIA.

The researcher is a Postgraduate (M.ed) student of the above named Department. In partial

fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Master of Education in Physical

Education, she is conducting a research on the “Availability and utilization of Recreational

facilities among Staff of Universities in South-South Zone, Nigeria.”. In this research, she

seeks your cooperation to honestly answer the questions by ticking the alternative that best

describes your feelings in each statement. Your response simply represents your opinion or

feelings. All information provided will be used mainly for the purpose of this study and strictly

treated confidentially.

Kindly tick [√] the option against the statement that is most appropriate to you.
SECTION A: DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION OF THE RESPONDENTS
1. Gender

a. Male ( )

b. Female ( )

2. Age

a. 20 – 29 years ( )

b. 30 – 34 years ( )

c. 35 – 39 years ( )

d. 40 – 44 years ( )
 e. 45 years and above ( )

3. Religion

a. Islam ( )

b. Christianity. ( )

c. Others, specify__________________________________

4. Marital Status

a. Married ( )

b. Single ( )

c. Divorced ( )

d. Others ( )

5. Type of Staff

a. Academic Staff ( )

b. Non- Academic Staff ( )

SECTION B: AVAILABILITY OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

S/N ITEMS SA A U D SD
1. There are available recreational facilities in my
University
2. Recreational facilities are available but not adequate in
my University
3. Recreational facilities are not available in my college
4. Recreational facilities are available but in bad condition
in my University
5. Recreational facilities are available and adequate in my
University
SECTION C: UTILIZATION OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

S/N ITEMS SA A U D SD
1. Recreational facilities are properly utilized by staff
2. Recreational facilities are not properly utilized by staff
3. Recreational facilities are only utilized by staff only
4. Recreational facilities are only utilized by students only
5. Recreational facilities are utilized by staff and students
only.

SECTION D:ATTITUDE.OF STAFF TOWARDS THE USE RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

S/N ITEMS SA A U D SD
1. I don’t like to go for recreation because the facilities are
in bad condition
2. The facilities are bad and could cause me injury
3. I do not want to expose my body to some of the
recreational facilities
4. My health condition would not allow me utilize the
recreational facilities
5. My religion would not allow me to utilize the
recreational facilities

SECTION E: GENDER ON UTILIZATION OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

S/N ITEMS SA A U D SD
1. I don’t utilize recreational facilities because am a female
2. I don’t utilize recreational facilities because am a male
3. Utilizing recreational facilities will make me loose my
virginity
4. As a female, I utilize recreational facilities
5. As a female am prone to injury when I utilize
recreational facilities.
 APPENDIX B

Federal Universities in South-South Zone

S/NO STATES UNIVERSITIES POPULATION
1. Akwa-Ibom State University of Uyo 75,424
2. Bayelsa State Federal University Otuoke 13,998
3. Cross-River State University of Calabar 72,885
4. Delta State Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun 11,669
Nigerian Maritime University Okerenkoko, Delta 12,667
State
5. Edo State University of Benin 95,955
6. Rivers State University of Port-Harcourt 85,991
TOTAL SIX (6) Seven (7) 368,589

States Universities in South-South Zone

S/NO STATES UNIVERSITIES POPULATION
1. Akwa-Ibom Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot Akpaden. 12,442
State
2. Bayelsa State Niger Delta University Yenagoa 10,664
University of Africa Toru Orua, Bayelsa State 5,554
Bayelsa Medical University 7,998
3. Cross-River Cross River State University of Technology, Calabar 8,774
State
4. Delta State Delta State University Abraka 11,779
5. Edo State Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma 14,852
Edo University Iyamo 6,889
6. Rivers State Ignatius Ajuru University of Education,Rumuolumeni 8,447
River State University 7,007
TOTAL SIX (6) Ten (10) 94,406
Required Sample Size† from: The Research Advisors (2006)