Name: Shera Angelista Salsha Bella

Class: 1A D3 Teknik Kimia

NIM: 2231410035
Number: 21

ASSIGNMENT UNIT 3
Separating by Heating
The chemical engineer often needs to separate mixtures of materials. These mixtures
sometimes occur naturally petroleum, for example, is a mixtures of a great many chemicals.
Some mixtures occur as a result of chemical reactions ; few reactions will produce a single
pure chemical. Often the desired material is produced with some that are undesirable ; the
resulting mixture must be separated so as to recover the wanted one in as pure a state as
possible.
Distillation has been used to separate mixtures of liquids since the earliest days of
chemistry. It is based on the principle that if a mixture of liquid is heated, some of the
ingredients will evaporate faster than others and this property can be used to effect a
separation. Let us imagine that we have a mixture of two liquids, A and B in equal parts-the
mixture contains 50% of liquid A and 50% of liquid B. if we heat the mixture until it boils,
we may find that the vapour contains 75% of liquid A and only 25% of liquid B. liquid A
evaporating faster than liquid B.
In distillation, a liquid mixture is heated until it vaporizes, and the vapor is then
condensed back into a liquid. Two liquids are generally easy to separate by distillation if the
pure materials have boiling points that differ by considerable amount, but modem techniques
permit the separation of liquids whose boiling points are close together. Separation of two
liquids is called binary distillation.

Main Idea:
Paragraph 1: mixtures of materials.
Paragraph 2: principle of disillation
Paragraph 3: how distillation works

Re-tell text 1 (separating by heating)

These mixtures of materials sometimes occur naturally, for example, there is a
mixtures of many chemicals. Some mixtures will produce of chemical reactions and then few
reactions will produce pure chemical. Frequently, the desired material is produced with some
undesired materials. In the end, mixture must be separated to purify the desired materials.
The process of distillation is based on the principle that if a mixture of liquid is
heated, some of the materials will evaporate faster than others and this property can be used
to effect a separation. For example, we have a mixture of two liquids, A and B in equal parts.
If we heat the mixture until it boils, we may find that the vapor contains 75% of liquid A and
only 25% of liquid B. So, liquid A evaporating faster than liquid B.
In distillation, a liquid mixture is heated until it vaporizes, and the vapor is then
condensed back into a liquid. Two liquids are easy to separate if the pure materials have quite
a difference of boiling points. But modern techniques allow the separation of liquids that
have a close boiling points. Separation of two liquids is called binary distillation.

Pair up and discuss

1. Why do chemical engineers need to separate mixtures of liquids?
Answer: the chemical engineers need to separate mixture of liquids because they want
to purify the desired materials.
2. What is the principle on which distillation is based ?
Answer: distillation based on the principle that if a mixture of liquid is heated, some
of the ingredients will evaporate faster than others.
3. Give an example binary distillation
Answer: the distillation of mixture between water nad ethanol.
4. What kind of liquids are easy to separate by distillation?
Answer: the liquids are easy to separate by distillation if the pure materials have
boiling points that differ by considerable amount.
5. When does the chemical engineer needs to separate mixtures of materials?
Answer: when they want to purify the desired materials.
6. Where is a liquid mixture heated until it vaporizes?
Answer: in distillation
7. How does distillation works?
Answer: In distillation, a liquid mixture is heated until it vaporizes, and the vapor is
then condensed back into a liquid. Two liquids are generally easy to separate by
distillation if the pure materials have boiling points that differ by considerable
amount.
8. Can separate mixtures of liquids when they have a close boiling points?
 Answer: yes, it can. They can separate by modern technique.
9. Is a liquid mixture heated until it vaporizes?
Answer: yes, it is. A liquid mixture is heated until it vaporizes.
10. Are two liquids easy to separate if the pure materials have quite a difference of
boiling points?
Answer: yes they are. Two liquids are easy to separate if the ure materials have quite
a difference of boiling points.
B. PROCEDURE
Explain the steps for the following experiments. Do not look back at the passage above.

FILTRATION
Step 1: place a filter paper on a glass watch and tare it on the scale.
Step 2: assemble the suction filtration equipment and activate the pump.
Step 3: filter the solution.
Step 4: leave the filter to dry on top of the funnel
Step 5: weight your crystal.

CRYSTALLISATION
Step 1: the impure solid is dissolved in a solvent.
Step 2: the solution is heated to evaporate most of the solvent.
Step 3: the hot solution is allowed to cool, the solid appears as pure crystals.
Step 4: the cold solution is poured off to obtain the crystals. The crystals may be dried by
pressing them between sheets of filter paper.

DISTILATION
Step 1 : check the calibration of the thermometer which is to be used with the distillation
apparatus. The distillation flask or round-bottom boiling flask is filled with the solution
which contains the liquid compound which is desired to be purified.
Step 2 : next, the thermometer and fractionating column are secured so that they have an
airtight connection with the opening of the distillation flask. Additionally, all other
components that need to be should be secured with airtight connections.
Step 3 : the bunsen burner is turned on and the distillation flask is slowly heated so that the
thermometer reaches the desired boiling point. The vapor passing into the condenser gathers
into droplets of the distillate and then it drips into the receiving flask.
Step 4 : when the thermometer stabilizes, the receiving glass should be swapped with a new
one to ensure that the distillate that is being received is only the liquid which vaporizes at the
temperature the thermometer reads. The heat source should be removed before all of the
solution in the distillation flask evaporate.