CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

PART 2
GENERAL CHEMISTRY 2
PRACTICE PROBLEMS

• Remember: FOR ALL EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS, YOU MUST:

• 1) Write all equilibrium equations
• 2) Write all equilibrium concentrations
• 3) Write all equilibrium expressions
EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT EXPRESSION

• What is the equilibrium constant expression for the reaction:

• Answer: Keq = Kp =
• Reason: The reaction contains gas in either side of the equation. The equilibrium is
heterogeneous, because of the presence of more than one state in the reaction.
Compounds in the solid state are usually left out, leaving all the non-solids (in this case,
gas) behind. Kp will then be the Keq.
PROBLEMS ON EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT

• The equilibrium mixture present in a 3.0 L flask at 250 C was found to contain 1.00 mol
of PCl5(g), 2.00 moles of PCl3(g) and 0.3 mole of Cl2(g). Calculate the equilibrium
constant, Keq for the equilibrium
PCl5(g)  PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
• Solution: Note that the gases are placed in a vessel, which makes their concentration in
moles/L. Therefore even if they are all gases, the Keq to be calculated is in terms of Kc
(concentration)
• Solution: Calculate for the concentration of each substance in mol/L
CONTINUATION…

• [PCl5] = 1.0/3.0 mol/L; [PCl3] = 2.0/3.0 mol/L; [Cl2] = 0.3/3.0 mol/L

• Keq = Kc = [PCl3] [Cl2]
[PCl5]
Answer: 0.20 mol/L
PROBLEMS ON EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANT

• A quantity of dinitrogen tetraoxide, N2O4, was dissolved in trichloromethane. The N2O4

dissociates according to the equation
• N2O4(g)  2NO2(g)
• A solution of N2O4 and NO2 at equilibrium in trichloromethane at 10 C was analyzed.
0.5 L of the solution was found to contain 0.0014 mole of NO2, 2.0 L of the same
solution was found to contain 1.04 moles of N2O4
a) Calculate Keq for the equilibrium above and give its units
b) What is the Keq for 2NO2  N2O4?
CONTINUATION…

• Solution: Calculate the [N2O4] and [NO2]

• [N2O4] = 1.04 /2.0 mol/L; [NO2] = 0.0014/0.5 mol/L
• Thus Keq = [NO2]2 / [N2O4] = 1.51 x 10-5 mol/L
• For b) Keq = [N2O4] / [NO2]2 = 1 / 1.51 x 10-5 = 6.62 x 104 L/mol
HOW ABOUT THIS? PM YOUR ANSWER

• In an aqueous solution, ethanal undergoes the reaction

• CH4CHO (aq) + H2O (l)  CH3CH(OH)2 (aq)
• At 0 C. 60% of the ethanal in a 1.00 mol/L aqueous solution reacts to form
CH3CH(OH)2 at equilibrium. Calculate Keq under these conditions.
PRACTICE SET FOR GIRLS

• The equilibrium constant, Keq, for the reaction:

is 2.4 x 10-7 (no units). What is the Keq for the reaction

• A mixture of 9.22 moles of A, 10.11 moles of B, and 27.83 moles of C is placed in a one-
liter container at a certain temperature. The reaction is allowed to reach equilibrium. At
equilibrium the number of moles of B is 18.32. Calculate the equilibrium constant for the
reaction:
 PRACTICE SET FOR BOYS

• What is the numerical value of the equilibrium constant, Keq, for the reaction

If the equilibrium constant for the reaction below is 2.7 x 10-3 (no units)?

• For the equilibrium

at 205 ° C, the equilibrium constant, Keq, is 0.143. If 1.34 moles each of Br2 (g) and Cl2 (g) are
introduced in a container which has a volume of 11.0 liters and allowed to reach equilibrium at
205 ° C, what would be the concentrations of Br2 (g), Cl2 (g), and BrCl (g) at equilibrium?