6

Statistics 6.1

Chapter Statistics

INTEXT EXERCISE: 1
1. We know that, Mean 155 7 22
n
/ fi xi 156 3 25
= i = n1 160 12 37
/ fi 161 4 41
i=1
1#4+2#5+3#y+4#1+5#2
Here, total number of items is 41, i.e. an odd number.

i.e. 2.6 = 4+5+y+1+2 or
41 + 1
Hence, the median is 2 th i.e. 21 item.
st
.
31 2 + 2.6y = 28 + 3y or 0.4y = 3.2 & y = 8

From cumulative frequency table, we find that
2. Let the average marks of the girls students be x, median i.e. 21st item is 155.
70 # 75 + 30 # x
(All items from 16 to 22nd are equal, each = 155)
then 72 = 100
7.
(Number of girls = 100 – 70 = 30)
7200 - 5250 Marks obtained No. of Cumulative

i.e., 30 = x, ` x = 65.
students frequency
n
0-10 2 2
/ xi 10-20 18 20
i=1
3. We know that xr = n 20-30 30 50
n
30-40 45 95

i.e., / xi = nxr
i=1 40-50 35 130
n n n
/ (xi + 2i) / xi + 2 / i nxr + 2 (1 + 2 + ...n)
50-60 20 150

` i=1 n = i=1
n
i=1
= n 60-70 6 156
n ( n + 1) 70-80 3 159
nxr + 2 2

= n = xr + (n + 1) n = / f = 159

3 48
Here n = 159, which is odd.
4. H.M. of 4, 8, 16 = 1 1 1 = 7 = 6.85
Median number = 2 ]n + 1g = 2 ]159 + 1g = 80,
+ +
4 8 16 1 1

5. Sum of 100 items = 49 # 100 = 4900 which is in the class 30-40 (see the row of cumulative
frequency 95, which contains 80).

Sum of items added = 60 + 70 + 80 = 210

Hence median class is 30-40.

Sum of items replaced = 40 + 20 + 50 = 110

` We have l = Lower limit of median class = 30

New sum = 4900 + 210 - 110 = 5000

f = Frequency of median class = 45
5000

` Correct mean = 100 = 50

C = Total of all frequencies preceding median class
6. Arranging the data in ascending order of magnitude, = 50
we obtain
i = Width of class interval of median class = 10
Height (in cm) Number of Cumulative N
-C
students frequency ` Required median = l + 2 f
# i = 30 +
150 8 8 159
- 50
152 4 12 2 45 # 10 = 30 + 295
45 = 36.55
154 3 15
6.2 Mathematics
8. Since frequency is maximum for 6 10. We know that

` Mode = 6
Mode = 3Median – 2Mean = 3(6) – 2(5) = 8
9. It is obvious.
INTEXT EXERCISE: 2
1. Arranging the given data in ascending order, we 6. /x = 170, /x 2 = 2830
have 34, 38, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54, 55, 63, 70, Here
46 + 48
Increase in /x = 10 , then /x' = 170 + 10 = 180
median M = 2 = 47

( a n = 10, median is the mean of 5th and 6th items)

Increase in / x2 = 900 - 400 = 500, then
/ ]x'g2 = 2830 + 500 = 3330

Σ | xi - M | Σ | xi - 47 |

Variance = n /xl2 - a n k = 15 - a 15 k
` Mean deviation = n = 10 1 /x l 3330
2
180 2

13 + 9 + 5 + 3 + 1 + 1 + 7 + 8 + 16 + 23
= 10 = 8.6
222
= - 144 = 78
2. S.D. and variance of data is not changed, when each
7. The given data in ascending order of magnitude is 7,
observation is increased (OR decreased) by the same
10, 12, 15, 17, 19, 25
constant.
Here Q1 = size of b 4 l item = size of 2nd item
n + 1 th
3. Let a, a, ..........n times – a, – a, – a, – a, ----- n time
n ( a - 0 ) 2 + n ( - a - 0) 2 = 10
i.e. mean = 0 and S.D. = 2n
3 ]n + 1g lth
2
na + na 2
Q3 = size of b
4 item = size of 6th item =
2= 2n = a 2 = ! a. Hence a = 2
19
4. We have /fi (yi - ∝) = /fi yi - ∝/fi = ∝/fi - ∝/fi = 0
Q3 - Q1 19 - 10
/fi yi
Then Q.D. = = 4.5
;a µ = E 2 = 2
/fi ax + b
5. 8. Let y = c
a b
Class Fre- yi yi - A fi ui i.e., y = c x + c
fi ui2
quency ui = 10 , i.e. y = Ax + B,
A = 25
a b
0-10 1 5 -2 -2 4
where A = c , B = c
10-20 3 15 -1 -3 3 y
` r = Axr + B
20-30 4 25 0 0 0 ` y - yr = A (x - xr) & (y - yr) 2 = A 2 (x - xr) 2

30-40 2 35 1 2 2 & / (y - yr) 2 = A 2 / (x - xr) 2 & n.σ 2y = A 2 .nσ 2x

10 -3 9 σ 2y = A 2 σ 2x

2
a
σ = c = /f - d /f n G =
2/fi ui2
2 /fi ui
& σ y =| A | σ x & σ y = c σ x

i i
a
10 :10 - a 10 k D = 90 - 9 = 81 & σ = 9
2 9 - 3 2
Thus, new S.D. = c σ

9. Calculation of Mean
Class interval Mid values ] xig Frequency fi di = xi - 25
ui =
xi - 25 fi ui
10
0-10 5 7 - 20 -2 - 14
10-20 15 10 - 10 -1 - 10
20-30 25 15 0 0 0
30-40 35 8 10 1 8
40-50 45 10 20 2 20
N = / fi = 50 / fi ui = 4
 Statistics 6.3

We have,

A = 25, h = 10, N = 50 and / fi ui = 4.
` Mean = A + h b N / fi ui l
1

4
& mean = 25 + 10 # 50 = 25.8
10. We prepare the table as follows : Computation of mean deviation from mean
Classes Mid values ] xig Frequencies fi fi xi xi - X = xi - 45 fi xi - X
10-20 15 2 30 30 60
20-30 25 3 75 20 60
30-40 35 8 280 10 80
40-50 45 14 630 0 0
50-60 55 8 440 10 80
60-70 65 3 195 20 60
70-80 75 2 150 30 60
n = / fi = 40 / fi xi = 1800 / fi xi - X = 400

We have, N = 40 and / fi xi = 1800

X
` =
/ fi xi = 1800 = 45
N 40

Now / fi xi - X = 400 and N = / fi = 40
400
` M.D. = / fi xi - X = 40 = 10

EXERCISE - 1
x1 + x2 + ... + xn 6. a Sum of the 50 observations = 36 # 50 = 1800
1. a n = x ...(i)

` Req. sum = ] x1 - x g + ] x2 - x g + ... + ] xn - x g
Two observations 30 and 42 are deleted


= ] x1 + x2 + ... + xng - nx
Sum of the remaining 48 observations


= 1800 – [30 + 42] = 1728
nx
= - nx = 0 (from eq. (i))
1728
2. Let new term is x
Req. mean = 48 = 36
9 # 15 + x 7. Sum of n observations = nx
a 10 = 16

sum of (n – 4) observations = k
x & = 25
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + n n + 7
sum of remaining 4 observations = nx - k
3. a n = 3
nx - k
n+1 n+7
req. mean = 4

& 2 = 3
8. a / fi xi = 5 + 8 + 3f + 8 + 15 = 3f + 36
n
& = 11
n / fi = 5 + 4 + f + 2 + 3 = f + 14

= 15.6 e a / xi = nx o
3 # 14 + 2 # 18
4. Req. mean = 5 i=1

Mean =
/ fi xi
x + ] x + 2g + ] x + 4g + ] x + 6g + ] x + 8g / fi
5. a 5 = 11
3f + 36
5x + 20
& 2.6 = f + 14

& 5 = 11
x
& =7 f
& =1
11 + 13 + 15

` Req. mean = 3 = 13
6.4 Mathematics
9. Let the no. of boys and girls are n1 and n2 resp., then 15. First we arranged the observations in ascending
65n + 55n order 34, 38, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54, 55, 63, 70
n1 + n 2 = 61
1 2

Here n = 10 (even)

& 4n1 = 6n2 & n1 : n2 = 3 : 2
b n l th term + b n + 1 l th term
10. Let x1, x2, .... xn and y1, y2, .... yn are two series of 2 2
1 2
` Median (M) = 2
size n1 and n2 resp. 46 + 48

= = 47
G1 = ^ x1 # x2 # ... # xn h ...(1) 2
1/n1

` / xi - M = 13 + 9 + 5 + 3 + 1 + 1 + 7 + 8
1

G2 = ^ y1 # y2 # ... # yn h ...(2)
1/n2


+ 16 + 23 = 86
2

and G = 7^ x1 # x2 # ... # xn h # ^ y1 # y2 # ... # yn hA n + n

1
1 2
1 2

` Mean deviation from Median
G = ^G1n # G 2n h
1 /n + n
1 2
[from (1) & (2)]
1 2

/ xi - M
n1 log G1 + n2 log G2
= n = 8.6
log` G= n1 + n2 16. Given observations 112, 116, 120, 125, 132
11. Let the distance between home and school = S km

x=
/ xi = 605 = 121
S n 5

time consumed to reach school from home = x hr.

time consumed to reach home from school= S/y hr.
/ ]xi - x g = 81 + 25 + 1 + 16 + 121 = 244

2

Average speed ` σ2 =

/ ]xi - x g2 = 244 = 48.8
n 5
total covered distance 17. Given series

= time consume to covered total distance
S+S 2 2xy
a, a + d, a + 2d, .... , a + 2nd

= S S = 1 1 = x + y km/hr.
]2n + 1g
x+ y x+ y
2 5a + a + 2nd ?
12. We arranged the value of variate xi in ascending x= ]2n + 1g = a + nd
order with their frequencies / ]xi - x g = n d + (1 – n) d2 + .... + d2 + 0 + d2 +
2 2 2 2

xi 3 6 7 10 12 15 .... + n2d2
c.f 3 7 20 22 30 40

= 2[n2d2 + (n – 1)2d2 + .... + d2]

Here N = 40 (even)

= 2d2[n2 + (n – 1)2 + ...... + 12]
b N l th term + b N + 1 l th term
2 2 n ]n + 1g]2n + 1g n ]n + 1g]2n + 1g 2
` Median = 2 = 2d 2 #
6 = 3 d
]20g th term + ]21g th term / ]xi - x g2 n]n + 1g d2
= 2
` Variance = 2n + 1 = 3
7 + 10
= 2 = 8.5
13. First we changed the classes into continuous form,
18. a σ =
/ ]xi - x g2
we have n
Class 0.5- 10.5- 20.5- 30.5- 40.5- ax b b a l
+ b
Let yi = ic = c xi + c
10.5 20.5 30.5 40.5 50.5
& = b c l x + c & yi - y = c ] xi - x g
a b a
fi 5 7 8 6 4 y

Here modal class is 20.5 – 30.5
& Req. S.D. =
/ ^ yi - y h2
n
^ f0 - f1 h
^2f0 - f1 - f2 h / ; ac2 ]xi - x g2E a / ]xi - x g2 a
2

` Mode = l + #h

]8 - 7g = n = c n = c σ
= 20.5 + ]
16 - 7 - 6g
# 10 = 23.83 x a
19. Here u = h - h
-1 + 0 + 4
14. a x = 3 =1

a S.D. is not depend on change of origin but it is
/ xi - x = 2 + 1 + 3 = 6 depend on change of scale
1 1 σ
Mean deviation = n / xi - x = 3 # 6 = 2
` σ u = hx

 Statistics 6.5
1 / 2 b 1 / l2 32. Mean of 21 observation x = 40, so
20. a S.D = n xi - n xi

Sum of numbers = 21 # 40 = 840

So, S.D. of first n natural numbers

& As numbers greater then median increased by 21,
= n / n 2 - b 1n / n l
1 2
so 10 observations will increase by 21.
1 n ]n + 1g]2n + 1g & 1 n ]n + 1g 02
Now sum of all observations = 840 + 10 # (21) =
= n. 6 - n. 2 1050
]n + 1g]2n + 1g ]n + 1g 2
]n + 1g]n - 1g 1050
= - =
& So now new mean is =
6 4 12 21 = 50
2
n -1 33. 34, 38, 42, 44, 46, 48, 54, 55, 63, 70
= 12
1 + 2 + 4...2 n ]2 n + 1 - 1g 1
median =
46 + 48
2 = 47
21. n+1 = 2-1 .n+1
2n + 1
C0 + ... 2n + 1 Cn 2 2n / xi - M = 13 + 9 + 5 + 3 + 1 + 1 + 7 + 8 + 16 +

22. n+1 = n+1 23 = 86
0. n C0 + 1. n C1 + 2 n C2 + ... + n n Cn 86
23. x = so mean diviation about median = 10 = 8.6
n
C0 + n C1 + n C2 + ... + n Cn
n-1
n.2 n 34. x1 + x2 ...xn = nx so
= = 2
2n
2n ]n + 1g
/ ]xi + 2ig = / xi + 2 / i = nx +
n
24. 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14
i=1
2
so mean = x + ]n + 1g

median = 10

7 5 1
25. α - 2 , α - 3, α - 2 , α - 2, α - 2 , 35. Mean – Mode = 63
α + 2 , α + 4, α + 5 ]α > 0g
1

As mode = 3 median – 2 mean
1
& mean – 63 = 3 median – 2 mean
α-2+α- 2 5
median = 2 = α- 4

& mean – median = 21
26. Number 2 repeats maximum number of times

36. S.D. ] xig = S.D. ] xig - 8
27. Range of data = difference of extreme values

/ ]xi - 8g2 - c / ]xi - 8g m2 =

= 18 - 1 = 17
45
28. Coefficient of range
= n 9 -1 = 2
n
different of extreme values 10 - 2 2 37. Let two observations are x and y
= sum of extreme values = 10 + 2 = 3
x + y + 2 + 4 + 10 + 12 + 14
29. Frequency of f = 10C5 which has maximum value
then 7 =8
20 20

x + y + 42 = 56 & x + y = 14 ...(A)
/n / n2
and x + y + 4 + 16 +7 100 + 144 + 196 - ^ x + y49+ 42h = 16
21 287 2 2 2
30. x = i =20
1
= 2, i=1
20 = 2
20
/ n2 20 2 x 2 + y 2 + 460

& = 16 + 64 = 80
- f i=1 p = 2 - b 2 l = 4
& σ 2 = i =20
1 /n 287 21 2 133 7
2 2
x
& + y = 560 - 460 = 100 ...(B)
20
31. Mean of variate 1.2.3, 2.3.4, 3.4.5, ......., n.(n + 1).(n
` on solving (A) & (B) we get x = 6, y = 8
+ 2) For sum of series / x2 - ] x g2
r ]r + 1g]r + 2g 6]r + 3g ]r - 1g@
38. σ 2 =
n

Tr = -
σ = 10 - 12 h = 144
4 1560 ^ 2

n ]n + 1g]n + 2g]n + 3g
2
n
& = / Tr =
S 4
r=1 & S.D. = σ 2 = 12

s ]n + 1g]n + 2g]n + 3g 39. Coefficient of variation = 0.58 =
σ

Mean = n = 4 x
σ ]S.D.g = 0.58 # 4 = 2.32

6.6 Mathematics
43. n = 88
/ ]xi - 50g2 = 250
10
40.
i=1 44th value + 45th value 56 + 57

Median = 2 = 2 = 56.5
/ ]xi - 50g2
10
88

σ= i=1
=5
/ xi - 56.5
10
M.D.(median) = i=1
σ 88
coeff. of variation = # 100 = 10% 43.5 + 42.5 + ... + 0.5 + 0.5 + ... + 43.5
x =
41. 88
1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 85 + 87
= 88 = 22
xi fi fi xi fi xi2
0 1 0 0
/ xi 2
44. σ x = 3 & 100 - ] x g = 9 & / xi2 = 23400
2

1 9 9 9 / zi = 250 # 15.6 = 3900

2 7 14 28
` / yi = / zi - / xi = 3900 - 1500 = 2400

3 5 15 45
4 3 12 48 σ 2z = 13.44 &

/ xi2 + / yi2 - ]15.6g2 = 13.44
250
/ fi = 25 / fi xi =50 / fi xi2 =130 & / y = 40800
2
i

σ2 = >

/ fi xi2 - e / fi xi o2H / yi2 - c / yi m2
/ fi / fi & σy =
150 150
= ;130 b 50 l E
2
40800 b 2400 l2
25 - 25 = 1.2
= 150 - 15 =4

so variance of A = 1.2 < 1.25 = variance of B 45. Mean ] x g = 4 , variance = 5.2

so more consistent team = A
a1, a2, a3 = 1, 2, 3.
/ xi / yi
42. 200 = 25, 300 = 10
Let x1, x2 are remaining values
a1 + a2 + a3 + x1 + x2
& / xi = 5000, / yi = 3000
Mean x = 5 & x1 + x2 = 11 ...(1)

σ x = 3 and σ y = 4 a 2 + a 22 + a32 + x12 + x 22 ] g2
variance σ 2 = 5.2 = 1
5 - x

/ xi2 / yi2
& 200 - ]25g2 = 9 and 300 - ]10g2 = 16 & 12 + x 22 = 65
x ....(2)

& / xi2 = 126800 and / yi2 = 34800

& x1 - x2 = 3

/ zi2 / 2
/ _ xi2 + yi2 i - c / xi + / yi m2 & So λ = 11 & 10 - x 2 - 2x = λ

` σ = n -c
zi m

& ] x + 1g2 = 0 one solution
= 500
n 500
= 500 - b 5000 l = 67.2
161600 8000 2

EXERCISE - 2

1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 + ... + n 2 46n 1 # W + 2 # W + ... + n # W

1. a = 11
Mean = W + W + ... + W
n
n ]n + 1g]2n + 1g 46n n ]n + 1g 2
W

& = 11 n+1
6n
= nW = 2

& 11(n + 1) (2n + 1) = 276n 3. Let x1, x2, ---- xn are n positive numbers such that

& 22n2 – 243n + 11 = 0
x1 # x2 # ---- # xn = 1 ...(1)

& (n – 11) (22n – 1) = 0
a A.M. $ G.M.
1 x1 + x2 +---+ xn ^ # #
` n = 11 a n ! 22
So n $ x1 x2 ---# xnh1/n
2. Let the weights of each natural number is W, then
& x1+ x2 + ...+ xn $ n by (1)
weighted
 Statistics 6.7
4. a Tn = (2n – 1) (2n + 1) (2n + 3) x1 + x2 + ... + xn
10. Let x = n
/ Tn
Req. A.M. = Snn = n = 1n 7/ ]8n3 + 12n 2 - 2n - 3gA
] x1 + 1g + ] x2 + 2g + ... + ] xn + ng
New mean = n
= n 78 / n3 + 12 / n 2 - 2 / n - / 3A ] x1 + x2 + ... + xng ]1 + 2 + ... + ng
1
n+1
= n + n = x+ 2

= 2n3 + 8n2 + 7n – 2
x + x + x +---+ xn
11. a 1 2 3n = x ...(i)
5. a σ =
/ xi2 - c / xi m2 = / xi2 - x 2
n n n When x2 is replaced by λ then
& / xi2 = n ^σ 2 + x 2h
x1 + λ + x3 +---+ xn

New mean = n
] x1 + x2 + x3 +---+ xng + λ - x2 nx + λ - x2
x + x + ... + x10
6. a 1 2 10 = 20 ...(1)

] x1 + 4g + ] x2 + 8g + ... + ] x10 + 40g
= n = n
Req.mean 10
by (i)
] x1 + x2 + ... + x10g 4 ]1 + 2 + ... + 10g 12. a G1 = (x1 # x2 # .... # xn)1/n
= 10 + 10
= 20 + 22 = 42 [by eq.(1)]
and G2 = (y1 # y2 # .... # yn)1/n

c x1 # x2 # # xn m
1/n
` G = ...
y1 y2 yn
0 # 1 + 1 # n C1 + 2 # n C2 + ... + n # n Cn
7. W.M. =
1 + n C1 + n C2 + ... + n Cn ^ x1 # x2 # ... # xnh1/nG
= G1
^ y1 # y2 # ... # yn h
n = 1/n
/ r.n Cr 2

13. Let man spends x Rs. on purchasing each kind of

1 # n C1 + 2 # n C2 + ... + n # n Cn r = 1
= = pens at the rate 5 Rs/pen, 10 Rs/pen, 20 Rs/pen
n
C0 + n C1 + ... + n Cn 2n
n n
/ r. nr .n - 1 Cr - 1 n / .n - 1 Cr - 1
Total cost
Average cost = no.of total pens
r=1 n.2 n - 1 n
= n = r=1 n = = 2
2 2 2n x+x+x 3 60
8. On arranging the values in the ascending order = x x x = 1 1 1 = 7 Rs/pen
7 5 1 1 5 + 10 + 20 5 + 10 + 20

α - 2 , α - 3 , α - 2 , α - 2, α - 2 , α + 2 , x - 25
14. Here N = 10, ui = i 10
α + 4, α + 5 ]a α > 0g

` / fi ui = 1 # (–2) + 3 # (–1) + 4 # 0 + 2 # 1

Here number of observations n = 8 (even) = – 3 and, / fi ui2 = 1 # 4 + 3 # 1 + 4 # 0 + 2 #
1=9
Median = 2 ;b 2 l th obser. + b 2 + 1 l th obserE
1 n n

/ fi ui2 - c / fi ui m2
= 2 ;]α - 2g + bα - 2 lE = α - 4
1 1 5
σ=h N
N
9. For S.D. of first n odd natural numbers 1, 3, 5, .... , 9 b - 3 l2
10 = 10 - 10 = 9
(2n – 1)
15. Let the set of n observations x1, x2, ... xn
/ xi = 1 + 3 + 5 + ..... + (2n – 1) = n2

/ xi
/ xi2 = 12 + 32 + 52 + ... + ]2n - 1g2
x
` = n

= [12 + 22 + 32 + .... + (2n)2] – [22 + 42 + .... + (2n)2] / b αxi + 10 l 1 / xi + 10n = x + 10α

Mean of new set = n =α n n α

= [1 + 22 + 32 + ... + (2n)2] – 22[12 + 22 + ... + n2] 16. Let the age of each student is x years then the age of
2n ]2n + 1g]4n + 1g n ]n + 1g]2n + 1g teacher is (x + 20) years

= - 4.
6 6 ] x + 20g + 3x
n ]2n + 1g 6]4n + 1g = 20 & x = 15

= 3 - 2 ]n + 1g@ 4

n ]2n + 1g]2n - 1g n ]4n 2 - 1g

Hence age of the teacher = 35 years

= 3 = 3 17. Here number of terms = n + 1 (odd)
/ xi - c / xi m2 = 4n2 - 1 - n2
2
` Median = b 2 l th term = b 2 + 1 l th term

` Req. S.D. = n+2 n
n n 3
2 = Cn/2
2n
n -1

= 3
6.8 Mathematics
18. a M.D. from mean of the series a, a + d, a + 2d,...., 23. Here n1 = 10, x 1 = 5, σ1 = 2 6 (for I group)
n ]n + 1g
a + 2nd is M.D. = 2n + 1 d a
n2 = 20, x 2 = 5, σ 2 = 3 2 (for II group)

for given series 5, 10, 15, ..... , 85
S.D. of combined group

n1 + n2 + ]n1 + n2g2 ] x 1 - x2 g

a = 5, d = 5, a + 2nd = 85 i.e. n = 8 n1 σ12 + n2 σ 22 n1 n2 2

σ=
8#9
+ 0 ]a x 1 = x 2g

` M.D. = 17 # 5 = 21.17 10 # 24 + 20 # 18

= 30
19. a S.D. of the A.P. a, a + d, a + 2d, ..... a + 2nd

= 20 = 2 5
n ]n + 1g / x12
v12 = n1 - ] x1 g

S.D. = 3 d 2


Given numbers 31, 32, 33, ...... 47 are in A.P.
/ x12 = n1 v12 + n1 x12 = 490


Here a = 31, d = 1 and a + 2nd = 47 i.e. n = 8
/ x22 = n2 v22 + n2 x22 = 860

8#9 #

` S.D. = 3 1=2 6

S.D of combined group
/ ]xi - x g = 250, n = 10, x = 50
20. Given
2
v2 =

/ x12 + / x22 - b n1 x1 + n2 x2 l2
n1 + n2 n1 + n2
a σ = n / ] xi - x g = 10 # 250 = 5
1 2 1

= 30 - b 30 l = 20
1350 150 2


Hence coefficient of variation

v=2 5
σ# 5

= 100 = 50 # 100 = 10%
x 24. Since mean deviation is minimum when it is taken by
21. Let the number of terms of two series are n1 and n2 median, so here K is median of given observations.
whose means are x 1 and x 2 resp.
K = median = b 2 l th observation
n+1

n x +n x
a = 1 n11 + n22 2
x

= 51th observation
n2 ] x 2 - x 1g ]a x 2 > x 1g

Now x - x 1 =
]n1 + n2g > 0
` K = x51
x
& > x 1 ...(i)
25. S.D. =
/ ]xi - x g2 and M.D. =
/ xi - x
n1 ] x 1 - x 2g ]a x 1 < x 2g
n n

Again x - x 2 =
]n1 + n2g < 0 let xi - x = yi i.e. ] xi - x g = xi - x

2 2
= yi2
x
& < x 2 ...(ii)

Now (S.D.)2 – (M.D.)2 =
/ ]xi - x g2 - c / xi - x
2
m
n n

by (i) & (ii) x 1 < x < x 2
/ y / yi m = σ2 > 0
= n -c

2
i
2
y
22. Arrange the given observations in ascending order n
( a σ 2 is non negative and all values are not same)


40, 54, 62, 68, 76, 90
& (S.D.)2 – (M.D.)2 > 0

no. of terms (n) = 6 (even)
& S.D. > M.D.
` Median (M) 26. Geometric mean
M ^ x1, x2, x3 ...xnh ] x1 .x2 .x3 ...xng1n
b n l th term + b n + 1 l th term
M ^ y1, y2, y3 ....yn h ^ y1 .y2 .y3 ...yn h1n
/
2 2 62 + 68
= 2 = 2 = 65
1

= c xy1 . xy2 ... yn m = M c xy1 , xy2 , y3 , ..., yn m

x n x x
/ xi - M = 25 + 11 + 3 + 3 + 11 + 25 = 78

1 2 n 1 2 3 n

M.D. from median =
/ xi - M = 78 = 13
& While in case of 1 & 2 it is not true always
n 6
M.D 13

` Coefficient of M.D. = median = 65 = 0.2
 Statistics 6.9
27. Let xn misread value (xn) = 10,(xn)actual = 12 29. Obvious
2
σ = 3.3 x = 11.3 30. ] x g = 60, ^ y h = 40
^σ 2xh = 16, ^σ 2y h = 36
& / xi = 113 - 10 = 103 = 10. ] x g - 10
n-1

i=1
n-1

/ x12
σ 2x = 10 - ] x g ,
2 / y2
σ 2y = 10 - ^ y h
2

/x 2
i +x 2
n

σ = 2 i=1
10 - ] x g2 / x12 = 160 + (60)2.10
/ y12 = 360 + (40)2.10
σ 2 ]overallg =
/ x12 + / y12 - c 10x + 10y m2
/ xi2 =- 67 + 10] x g
n-1
2
...(1) 20 20
i=1
520 + 52000 ]50g2
/ x12 + ]xngactual
n
2
= 20 -
& ]σ 2gactual =
10 - ] x gactual
i=1
σ 2 = 2626 - 2500 = 126

- 67 + 10 ] x g + 144 b 10 ] x g - 10 + 12 l
2
S.D =+ σ 2 = 11.2


= 10 - 10
= ^σ actualh = 3.14
2

w1 + w2 + ... + w9
28. 9 = x ...(1)
]w1 + w2 + ... + w9g + w10 1
10 = x + 20 x ...(2)

From equation(1) &(2)
3

w10 = 2 x
]w1 + w2 + ... + w9g + w10 + w11

Now 11 = x ....(3)

From equation (1), (2) and (3)
x

w11 = 2

Numerical Type
10 10 10 10

& 1- 3 < k < 3 +1
1. Given that the variance of 10 natural numbers
1,1,1,....,1, k is less than 10.
10 10

The formula for variance is k
& < 3 +1
/ x2 - c / x m2 k
& # 11

v2 = n n
The maximum possible value of k is 11.
9 + k2 b 9 + k l2 3 + 7 + 9 + 12 + 13 + 20 + x + y

v2 = 10 - 10 < 10
2. mean = x = = 10
8

& 90 + 10k2 - 81 - k2 - 18k < 1000

& x + y = 16 ...........(i)

& 9k2 - 18k - 991 < 0
991
/ (x )
i
2

k
& 2 - 2k < 9 variance v 2 = - (x ) 2 = 25
8
991 9 + 49 + 81 + 144 + 169 + 400 + x 2 + y 2
k
& 2 - 2k + 1 < 9 + 1
-100 = 25
1000 8
(
& k - 1) 2 < 9 & x 2 + y 2 = 148 ...........(ii)

10 10 10 10 (x + y) 2 = (16) 2 & x 2 + y 2 + 2xy = 256 & xy = 54


&- 3 < k-1 < 3
6.10 Mathematics
Single Options Correct
/ ]xi + 1g2 = 9n
n
6. We have, ...(i)
3. For a, b, c i=1

/ ]xi - 1g2 = 5n
n
a+b+c and ...(ii)
mean = 3 (= x )
i=1

b = a+c Adding (i) and (ii), we get
2b
x
& = 3 .....(1)
2 / ^x2i + 1h = 14n & / ^x2i + 1h2 = 7n
n n
2

S.D. ^a + 2, b + 2, c + 2h S.D. ^a, b, ch = d
i=1 i=1
n n

a2 + b2 + c2 & / x2i + n = 7n &

/ x2i = 6n

& d2 = 3 - (x ) 2 i=1 i=1
n
a2 + b2 + c2 4b2 /x
d
& 2= 3 - 9 2
i

& 9d2 = 3 ^a2 + b2 + c2h - 4b2

i=1

& n = 6.

& 2 = 3 ^a2 + c2h - 9d2 .
b Subtracting (i) and (ii), we get
/xi n

4. = 10 …….(i) n n
/ xi
20
4 / x i = 4n & / xi = n & i =n1 =1
i=1 i=1
/xi2
- 100 = 4 …….(ii) n 2

Now, variance = 1 =/ x2i G - > i/ H = 6-1 = 5

n
20 xi
n i=1 =1
/xi2 = 104 # 20 = 2080
n
200 - 9 + 11 202 ∴Standard deviation = 5
Actual mean = =
20 20
2080 - 81 + 121 202 2
-d n 7. Let two observations are x1 and x2.
Variance =
20 20

2120
- (10.1) 2 = 106 - 102.01 = 3.99 mean
` ]x g = 1 + 3 + 8 + x1 + x2
= 5
20
5 12 + x1 + x2
/ xi
&5= 5 ⇒ x1 + x2 = 13 ...(i)
5. Given, mean ]x g = 150 & i=1
5 = 150 Now, variance
5
& / x i = 750
...(i)
(s2) =
/ x2i - ]meang2
i=1 5 5
/ x2i
Also, variance = 18 & i=1
5 - ]150g2 = 18
& 9.20 =
74 + x12 + x22
5 - 25
5
⇒ x21 + x22= 34.20 × 5 – 74 = 97
& / x2i = 112590
...(ii)
i=1
⇒ (x1 + x2)2 – 2x1x2 = 97
Let height of new student, x6 = 156 cm
6

⇒ x1x2 = 36 [Using (i)]
/ xi So, x1 : x2 = 4 : 9
750 + 156
Now, new x = i=1
6 = 6 = 151
6 8. S.D =
/ xi2 - c / xi m2
/ x2i n n
Also, new variance = i=1
6 - ]new x g 2
45 b 9 l 2

= 9 - 9
112590 + ]156g2 ] g2

= 6 - 156 = 20
= 5-1 = 2
 Statistics 6.11

9. x =
2 + 3 + a + 11 a
= 4 +4 16. σ 2x = 4 &
/ xi2 - c / xi m 2
=4
4 n n
- ] x g2
2

σ= / xni
/ xi2
& 5 - ]2g2 = 4 & / xi2 = 40 Similarly
4 + 9 + a 2 + 121 b a
- 4 + 4l
2

3.5 = 4
/ yi2 = 105

49 4 ]134 + a g - ]a + 256 + 32ag / xi2 + / yi2 - c / xi + / yi m2
2 2
& 4 = 16 ` σ2 =
10 10
& 3a 2 - 32a + 84 = 0
= 10 - b 101020 l = 5.5
145 + 2
x + x ...x
10. 1 162 16 = 16 If x1 = 16
x + x ...x - 16 + 3 + 4 + 5 1 + ]1 + d g + ]1 + 2d g + ]1 + 100d g
1 2 16 18 17. x = 101 = 1 + 50d
16 # 16 - 16 + 12 240 + 12 252 100
/
= 18 = 18 = 18 = 14 xi - x
]1 + id g - ]1 + 50d g

Mean deviation = i=0
101 =/ 101
]i - 50gd
11. First 50 even natural numbers 100
]50 + 49 + 1 + 0 + 1 + 50gd
50 =/
101 = 255 & 101 = 255
/ 2n i=0

= 2 b 50
2 + 4 + 6 + ... + 100 # 51 l 50 # 51
Mean = i =50
1
= 50 2 # 50 = 51 & 101 .d = 255 & d = 10.1
18. Statement-1: Sum of n even natural nos = n(n + 1)
/ ]2ng2
50

i=1
] g2 Mean ] x g = n + 1

variance = 50 - x
Variance = : 1n / ^ xi h D - ] x g
2 2
2 2 + 4 2 + ... + 100 2

= 50 - 2601 = 833
/ ]xi - x g2 = n 62 2 + 4 2 + ... + ]2ng2@ - ]n + 1g2
1

12. If initially all marks were xi then σ12 = N
= n 2 2 61 2 + 2 2 ...n 2@ - ]n + 1g2
1


Now each is increased by 10
4 n ]n + 1g]2n + 1g ]n + 1g2
/ 6] xi + 10g - ] x + 10g@
2 = n -
2 6

σ = 2
N = σ2
1 2
n -1
= 3

So variance will not change whereas mean, median
Statement-2 : It is true
and mode will increase by 10.
a + b + 8 + 5 + 10
13. A.M. of 2x1, 2x2 ..... 2xn is 19. 5 = 6 & a + b = 7 ....(1)
2x + 2x2 + ... + 2xn ]a - 6g + ]b - 6g + 2 2 + 1 2 + 4 2
2 2
1 n 5 = 6.80

= 2b

x1 + x2 + ... + xn l
= 2x & ]a - 6g + ]b - 6g = 13
2 2

n

solve a = 3, b = 4

So statement-2 is false variance (2xi) = 22 variance
20. Let no. of student = 100 number of boys = n,
(xi) = 4σ 2 so statement-1 is true.
n # 52 + ]100 - ng # 42
14. Correct mean = observed mean + 2 100 = 50 & n = 80

30 + 2 = 32 so 80%

Correct S.D. = observed S.D. = 2 21. Variances remain uneffected by adding some
15. Median = 25.5 a constant to all observations

Mean deviation about median = 50
so VA = VB

&
/ xi - 25.5a = 50
so VA/VB = 1
50 22. σ 2 $ 0

& 24.5a + 23.5a +...+ 0.5a + 0.5a +...+ 24.5a =
2500 &
/ xi2 - c / xi m2 $ 0
n n

& a + 3a + 5a + ..... + 49a = 2500
400 6400
25
& n - 2 $ 0 & n $ 16

& 2 (50a) = 2500 & a = 4 n
6.12 Mathematics
26. The middle observation will remain the same, even
23. if the last 4 observations are increased.
1 # mode + 2 # 21 27. np = 4

so median = 22 = 3 , mode = 24
24. x = 0
npq = 2
xi - x 2 1 1
q
& = 2 &p= 2 &n=8
2n = a 2 & S.D. = a = 2
P ] X = 1g = 8 C1 . b 2 l b 2 l = 8 = 32
1 1 1 7 8 1
25. If we change scale by using x + h then median
2
increases by h. so median is not independent of
change of scale. From histogram we can see highest
frequency so mode.