-- F-ORM TP 99129

CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE '-
EXAMINA TION
PHYSICS

In addition to the 1 hour, candidates are allowed a

reading time of 10 minutes. Candidates mu~t'NdT
write in their answer booklets during this time..

2. ALL WORKING MUST BE SHOWN in your answer booklet, since marks will be awarded for
correct steps in calculations. '.

Copyright © 1998 Caribbean Examinations CounciL

,'\.11rights reserved.
 Describe an experiment to determine the specific latent heat of vaporization of water.
( 8 marks)

(b) The body loses thermal energy in several ways. One is by warming the air taken into the
lungs and then breathing it out. A second way is by evaporation of water into air which is
then exhaled from the lungs.

(i) In one breath a girl inhales a volume of 4 X 10-4m3 of air at 25°C. This is warmed
to 37°C in the IWlgS. What mass of air is inhaled and how much thennal energy is
transferred to the air? ( 6 marks)

(ii) A mass of 1.8 x 10-4 kg of water vapour is exhaled along with the air for each
breath. Calculate tlle thermal energy required for the water to evaporate.
( 3 marks)

(Iii) In one minute the girl takes 12 hreaths. What is the average total energy loss per
minute as a result of breathing? ( 3marks)

(Density of air: 1.2 kg m- 3; Specific heat capacity of the air: 1.0 X 103 J kg-J k-I;
Specific latent heat of evaporation of water at 37°C: 2.5 X 106 J kg-I)

Define linear momentum and state the law of conservation of linear momentum.
( 3 marks)

(ii) A car of mass 800 kg collides head-on with a truck of mass 3200 kg and both come
to a stop. The truck was travelling at a speed of 30 km 11-1 when it collided.

A student argues that momentum is not conserved as both vehicles are stationary
after the collision but both were moving before the collision. State whether the
student is conect or incorrect and explain your answer. Find the speed of the truck
in metres per second and determine the speed of the car as it collided.
( 8marks)

A spacecraft with several small rockets attached is moving at constant speed, in

a straight line, in outer space. Explain how the spacecraft is able to maintain a
constant speed for many months without turning on the rockets. State and explain
the effect on the motion of the spacecraft if the rockets are fired for a short time.
( Smarks)

(ii) The spacecraft has a mass of 1.2 X 104 kg and the rockets provide a force
of 4.0 X 103 N for 3 s. Find the gain in velocity as a result of the firing of
the rockets. ( 4marks)

002493/1' 99
 With the aid of ray diagrams explain the terms 'refractive index' and 'critical angle'. Draw
a ray diagram to show how a right-angled isosceles glass prism can be used to turn a ray of
light through 180°, and identify an optical instrument that utilises this property.
( 8marks)

A ray of light travelling in water at a speed of 2.25 x 108 III S-i strikes the water
surface as in Figure 1below. Detennine the refractive index of water and calculate
the maximum angle the beam can make with the normal if the light is to enter the
au. ( 6 marks)

'Normal
I
I
I
I
Air
Water

(ii) The light source is replaced hy a detector of light, and a ray of light j~ then shone
on the surface of the water from the air. Is there any angle of incidence at which
no light enters the water? Explain.
(Speed of light in air = 3.00 x 108 Jll S-l ) ( 3 marks)

(c) Figure 2 shows three rays entering a specially shaped piece of gla.<;scalled a prismatic
window. The angle ofipcidence of the two outer rays on the surfaces AB and CD is greater
than the critical angle for glass. Copy and complete the diagram to show the passage of the
rays through the window.

Total 20 marks
GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE
 (ii) the size of the e.m. f. depends on the rate of change of cutting of the magnetic flux.
( 8marks)

(b) An electric guitar has six steel strings and a 'pick-up' made of bar magnets with a coil of
copper wire around them, li'igure 3a and 31J. When a player plucks the strings they vibrate.

Coil of
copper wire

The purpose of the pick-up is to convert tbe vibration of the strings to an electric current
which the copper wire then conducts from the guitar to an amplifier. Explain how the
vibration of the steel strings causes this electric current. (5marks)

(c) Another example of the application of electromagnetic induction is the transformer. An

ideal transformer is used to operate a 12 V lamp using a 240 V mains supply. There are
1800 turns on the primary coil. Ca1cuJate the number of turns on the secondary coil. What
is the current beiTJg drawn from the mains when the lamp has a current of 2.0 A flowing
through it? ( 7 marks)
Draw a circuit diagram of a half-wave rectifier connected to a resistor and an a.c. supply.
Indicate on your diagram the direction of current flow.

Sketch voltage-time graphs showing how the rectified a.c. voltage differs from that
produced by a battery. ( Smarks)

An air conditioner consists of a fan-coil unit and a compressor unit When the air
conditioner is switched on, the fan-coil unit, rated at 250 W, operates continuously,
while the compressor, rated at 1600 W, operates only 40% of the time.
The air conditioner is switched on for 12 hours per day. Find the total electrical
energy, in kwh, consumed in a 30-day month. ( 9 marks)

(ii) If the air conditioner is operated in a Caribbean country where electricity is billed
at $5.00 per kwh, find the cost of this energy. ( 3 marks)
 Draw a circuit diagram of a half-wave rectifier connected to a resistor and an a.c. supply.
Indicate on your diagram the direction of current flow.

Sketch voltage-time graphs showing how the rectified a.c. voltage differs from that
produced by a battery. ( 8marks)

(b) (i) An air conditioner consists of a fan-coil unit and a compressor unit When the air
~ conditioner is switched on, the fan-coil unit, rated at 250 W, operates continuously,
while the compressor, rated at 1600 W, operates only 40% ofthe time.
II The air conditioner is switched on for 12 hours per day. Find the total electrical
energy, in kwh, consumed in a 30-day mouth. (9marks)

(ii) If the air conditioner is operated in a Caribbean country where electricity is billed
at $5.00 per kwh, find the cost of this energy. ( 3 marks)