ame Bonjal Cnoual hasy

En Do. A2oHo 52.21124

SEM 3seN 3.TechCse)
SEC. B
Hssignment-2

instrucHon should perme

h i c h of he fllowing
in uses4 mode Y
instouthon 9uun only in wsHmode
HSThu olousing hat do
legedinssuhons
o f u a i n g 3dm on-privi .

indelupBs asu alão used hen changing

me (ade cmy
*h mode wom privileged
to mon-ptivileged i staqui red.
LbRea 4he clock
tap insrution
a issue a

h e othe nstsucHond suns omly in KeHna mode o

tha oparahe
opetading sysdem .To peuam Care c opetaions
4 *hesa inshrutin
Spem u n thex type oinshucioms.
hon it wiU not b Execuk
toie to un u mode in
Omd shaw a ileaal inlduchom.
a Setha value t ime
L b) Clea memoH
e ) Tus4n off inessuupts
able
L) Hodi entsie> in he device-s+atus
L Suitth fom U u to kestnel mode
LhAcce (o deuice

kohas ose he thvea main ppose an opeaking

gslema
And OS ies in Codegey o Systm sogkoare .
OS alucdion o satoae that manages Compuden
hasdhsane tubowius ¢ pTovide Cormmam Ses4 vices os
Con pukH Proge m mes

Some h e populas OS are Loindous Os

bLinux OS
)Onix Os, ett.
The opetaing sysdems has hea main Puopose>
Manage tha Compuler's s o u t tax [such o cPO mernodisk

oviveh & printo

b Establlsh a s e indesuhace
appicadim sdhsane ,ekt
.

e)Execuute and PTovide seuices Por

Wvik a shost noe on -

which a

aSusem CalA ts a programaic usayin8 e v i c e

PTogam agu est a m
Covmpust
A Ss m Ca is a
uoay
Keyne? oOS it is executd on .

miact itm hu os
o parama to
makes Sc h e n it makes a taqust to
H Cmputt pToq sam to
sesvice e OS u pooTam
Oss kexnel .SC provide a

via Afi (Applicaiom Psomom 4ntuacw.

S * provides an inuau blw a proces s
oS *o allas u l
*o saguet esviud to OS .Sys m
Calls ae amly
Prowes
en pt. bKesHned 8ystm .HU proasames neadina
HAo HCR mu we Spkem calls .

Sysn call Can a qoupesl ino 5major Cataosies

d) Snto. Managment
bDevice Managemant Communi ati om
e
Pile Managemen+
bMemoy Managenent
ts me o ha major funchon
ocpestading 3dm
memsm
9t e o ha manaaemant oPrimasu
OT
main mima
is made up a lage a y s kS
Main memoy or oord is
c tta
asigmed aa C oiin
n
Leords h e e each byk
addus. it Cam d u ey accese
accexse
G
Nain memo ast Shosog
by cPU b Heside in main memony

p®ogsamme
mus
A
Exeuin
O s peuom olosina achivitics ss MM
a Keap ack on ptimasuy memo
b) Sn muliproqTam ming, os docida ha oTdau in uhich ps O s
aue rankdaccess to memayor hmo lmg
So.
pwa aeques+ i to do
l o t a k memsy, shen
Dealoaks momay, shun a pwus tmi natd.
such as RHM , ROM Hadusk. ,ett
t m a n a g t prsimasuy mamos
cSypten Beograms Sysem PreqTaming Com b dakied aa act

Ouiling Sustm sshoase usina m prasomming

s. Ac. to Compsey hieasy one hih mks at loF
Hasdsae. The i+ is os, System proram,rally Appiadim
Porooma. stsream Deelapment f ereutiom Com bl done onvhienty
in Sadtm proma Some Syskm promd ae simpy u
unklace , othes aue Complex St traddtional lie u he u s
.

Sintgate
o, hee f Syadtm
h u
calls.
Com mu Vieo up-to -the yskm PTeTam

he Com
su Sysm alla
Cam ba dwided
indo thest Cadegsges
Spm 'staoram
) roqTo mming anguage sfos
Ale Monaqenent
3 Stotu nfosraion 5 Proasam Loading Enecutim
Aie Madikicakion 6) ommnunication
in OS ate.
Some Emamples s m pro rams
oindais lo 4Unix LDisR formatin
Mac OS X y Pndrsoid Gmpukt lanauagt analadors
Ubundu Ar-viTus
Linux
d Multi- Proumar Susem Most (ompudA Syodem asue oaingle
A
Cie hat haanH
proubor Sysdtm
os osea lll
hane ame pro wsbr) HoLoeveH,muli pro usor
.

in impodan ce noLadays. ThosR Sudems

slmd inuaing
0s4e
in pasal0N hak shase t h
hone mulhple pTOLeoHs oskin tha
e e . Am image de mons tsating
p u A Clock, m e m o u
mlkpmoudor adhitchune ib a olsos in nent Poqe
 CPu1 CPo2) CPU-- -CPO (

Menor
Multipoousing Arci ectuHe

The axe tuso type s mudiprowmoSUs

Symmesic MP
bAsummessic MP
Contain mulan
9 n Summetsic Mutiprocumor
3stem, Each proes2or
a l Commumicae u h êath otheH .AU thu
as and ty
Copy t h e no mabt-sae
procasoSS aHe in pe-to-p eladionshPCi.e
seulasionship Cxish blo dhem)
eack prous6T IS gien a
predulinad
L Assmmetric Multiprowor Syam inshsuttian to all tha
masdo pTocmoYhas gives
Tas. Thees a
mableu-slave tlakionship.
poaosS.This Susden Carrtains
a

Advondtage MPSlem 0ee

Moe uaible System
Enhance Though pu
Mote Etonomic Susem
Disaduatoges d MPSystkn
aNe
Snuak expense
aded os saguised
Compli uines.
Main Memoy
lape belad uaing pramption
with an end mple qiven
STF alaorithm
Hhaluze
without prtamphok |Pid AT|B:
A o r Prmpin
Gantt ha
2
22
S
=4
Co-o) + (5-1)
> fov, P =

KOajding ime Pa= O

P 13-2= |l

avg. WT= t1t0 = 5 ms.

FO psuampim (non) fos, h= o
Ocutinq time »

Guant cha Pa 9-1= 8

AAA

Ps 13-2-
Btotl) 19 6.33 ms
avq T 3
-

Calaulak avg. LOaiting ime avg twnasunund tim d tolaoinq

pmoblen usi Pcfs gosuithm:-
CAB DE RaBT AT
nantt Chase A
B 3
C O
D

s a s imitjalized to 9.
Then 6P(oait) opekaiony
ACoumking SermophoMes
uvexe Carnp eted on
this Sem aphore Lhat is ta .

and V tiqnal) opesaionb

Steulting vaue o Ho Semaphobt f 3gnal t )
udas oviginaly tomadP
f The ait () opexahm a 'V'(Ho in oument).
oab oDiginaly umed
opeatiam
when pestoTm o opeadion it decoase Semaphost
Valus o &omaphorr y m.
value by one ,4 V cpesodtion i n u a
So, A 4ridally umaphoe value= lo
N pa"harning 6 P opesations,
lo-6 = 4
value Semophove =

bRsst ming 4Vapexationa

value 4 Semaphaat = 4+H -8 Ay

valu anaphore = 8 A
Resultin
Dta ho &tate diagsuam fon Bheduliry e PToCs and dine
the Bchedule.

As oddmittesd indeupt
ne Bchedul Eut teominadt)
Dispatch
(9um) HUming
Prisityl
time uarta
S/o oT kvent /4/o or Eent wait
ompelahm
Oaitina
tig Stak diagre
T h e s e s scheddes is a sdthoasre poaduch thot allnos an
Endetprise b schedule tsack Compudtu bateh taska.
The poocs3 scheulea Selacts an avaioble prous o poram
Enecsm on a Cae
LThee aue 3type o procas 3cheluleo
9 Lona m Schedulsu 2Job ScheduluHf
Hiortbn Shedulesy fcPU Schesulo
Mid-term Scheduls iRemoe prou ram memom
onsides ho stlaoing poocoses Uih preanpive SRTF
And
alaorsithm. tunataund time.
av.
Hry Scheduling AlqovidchmSRTF PA3T AT
Gante host- 2 3

Gmpelekian THmeT I f r P,=20 alo Tunadnnd ime

P 20
Pa=1
P = lo-3=7
P 13 Ps= P =13-8-S

- 8-2S
Aug. Tuun ataund time= 20 +1 t t 5
4
Conatden hu holooing PTOCADAeS with mam-preempPtie pslaoHy
aodhm/ High numbeH AepTeRn+ ghe Poiitf.
Ans omtt Chasct- Ra67 P AT
R
15 3 3
Oaiding time fov,PP0
12 =|
2
5 3
I-2= 9 2 54
P 4-3= Colculart av TAT
Po 9-4-5 Ovg.wDT
av. WTE O+I+3HFS
5.2-e
N TAT > frA 4 B= 15-1=4 l-4= 7
9-3-6 E=
P= 12-2 =16 ; =

avg-TAT- 4+14tlot+ 6+7 - 4 8.2 D A

ohidh nehsosk onaukoion -LAN and -AN Loald kabtsuit
haouasing envisonments?
ocarions acwss a
Campu Stddent Onion. b) Seveal ompuws
Stak wide oniveai sys
)A neigh bauthaod
&ince LAN local axea Conmecs Cmpuden i i n
netuogTkj
Any Pnd hOA hoide Area Oehesiks
a 9Hcom a building , or a Compus.
Gnka buillings iies os Cavntries
uaualy ,
Studend- Uniom.
bat sif tor Campus
So LAN ig f Seeal (ovmpus
OA is but suit lor nejghbouthaod
loadion acuass a state wde onivety Sq8kem.
envieonment,Sereeal wees
In a mullipsoqsammingHme shabng e s u l t in
3hae he suatem Simultaneousy . h i
Situai on Con

Vaskinus se u`u Po bic

ohat axe 2 such Problems? s e cuuy in a time -shake
b lan we Enswre the Same deqree auwe.
? Enplas'n yout
macine as in a delicaled machine
Any a n mulhipsoqpammig and time Shostinq wiomman
Bevexa we4 shase t ysdem gumultaneouly This situain
Com susult in uasias eusiy problems
Thne Com b ha ase
im vaicus problems . 5
d a t a twhich may suult
meams iaga acces in Someboedy
&yskm thicwing tha data is a pvedlem
) Anothes psobem "no pppeH accounting u a s a " , it ma
i Sonebedy is using tha susouH csithout mai n dainirg prepe
accsuntin data a &esi aus problem.
We ant asswre Same leve! dSeuuty as it is puzndd
in delicated macine. Bcoz in time Bhasuin Ewisonmant, uukipla
u s aHe accessing ho Bystem , So it ig 3o n e
Ldhat diiuIt+
to implement boz it we ae planning sto ue a tighlevel
thu Shaungenuronment+ than it wil dial
bi
encpion
to implemen hat e unuy
Eack # eve Seusuty Syattm
brd ken by anehe4 huma
made by human Con b
cisCunstances a l d a use buttesH o4f osinx
Unden wha- than a Pc co a Single usey Lsas
katahin
timeshasirg ystem Loskinenvitonmentag
basic
ThexaaTimeae tuao type o
shosin Envisomment
bDedicaco suouHo Enuisnment
HOsowiCs
ghasing he ysdenm $
S n TSE , multiple
useU aw
shen th tabks thidh
Ond h i s ype a envisanmend iz usepul JtusowrCLs asu ast
os lage G had8aHe.
to pet btmesl axe big
o
HesDut(0s Can bi Candumel r th
&icient. Thu ul pooe
UbUI Pcblems a»a o be
vonment iz usku when h tadk shich
DediCared Envi environment is poeees
when
pAs med anesmal leel .This uurs
handle thi pToblem
hardusasxe obouwi aHe suident to

NEXT>
Calcuate a g . oT uin Rvnd Robin scheuling i h time
9mtum i s ms WT- TA1-BT

Hhs Gonttcho Pd TAT

A S 0
A6CADE AE ly B3
a13
D 3
Saihing Tmefr A=o-o)+ (a-5) ,
= 2 E
8
2
C
D .aug-OT=8+8+2+4+7
E=
S-8 ms

hew oncorent pacesses ( e,R and B) E 3 lainay enaphores.

asue 3
S20
The emaphases asHe initialized as So=l ,9,=01
Ho many
times wid the
Oupu ProLe Pro Ghous |
exeukn while Ctrue)i wait (SD5 waitlsa)1
o pribt if ta proCess oait (So)i Teleae (Sytelease(So);|
Ondes B>P B R - R ?
js Point (o)i
inaide Telease(SDi
s grikial ony Can go velensc (S1)
a So =1,`I =o, S,=0.
Cohile lanp when exeutd in Hus
is tuoice
Minimum mo. tme) 0'psin te
ondu PoPPoPP
ta es
methads tor passing paameksus
Descibe three
qeneoal to o9
r possma pasomadte)
gena mehads
Ans T tos
t a s pasameku tggs To
and &nds
block)table| memoy
84tote pasanelots n
addrs ablok to tho eaiato9. thoa a u
appoache. 4
inun ww a Combimaion d these h o u aHe
he used. ¥
ugisku 0He
teuseu patameo usRd.
usRd.
i
block mehad ip
or
h
moe a n tive pasuomeos

u placuol pushed , anto a

sBa ck lay a
fascameou thso Can ,or
o Sack b aS. Some OS poekw
param amd ppped O
&ack mehod beozhase aPProaches da not
u block o%

imit th numb o4ongh d pakameles being

Passtd.