BIO105

MODULE 1: Introduction to Genetics

Name Levi Ianu P. Pepaña Section A3A78

Activating Prior Knowledge (Individual)

This table should be accomplished before you start studying the contents of the module. Follow the detailed
instructions for submission given in the module. Use BLUE FONT color for your answers.

Any questions/clarifications in relation

Learning Outcomes
1. describe the chromatin
structure before and during cell
division.
2. describe the changes that
happen during cell division and
discuss how these can affect
gene segregation.
What do you already know?
to learning outcomes
The chromatin is loose and distributed Why does the chromatin have to
before cell division and after undergoing condense?
through the different phases, it condenses
to form tightly packed chromosomes and
becomes visible but then go back to being
decondensed at the end or division part.
- DNA replicates. Chromosomes condense What are the effects if there is an error
and become visible. Centrosomes with in gene segregation?
spindle fibers move toward opposite
poles.

3. compare and contrast the
types of meiosis and life cycles.
- Chromosomes are lined up at the center
with each of its chromatid attached to the
spindle fibers on opposite poles.
- The centromere is then split and the
sister chromatids are pulled to each side,
with the spindle fibers elongating the cell.
- Chromosomes decondense and are
surrounded by a nucleus envelope
material.
- A cleavage furrow or cell plate appears
and separates the daughter cells.
Slight alteration or mistake in these
changes or processes affect gene
segregation by hindering its goal to
objectively segregate alleles and pass on
the traits in the single daughter cells which
can result to genotypic and phenotypic
abnormalities.
Both meiosis and life cycles undergo Why can’t, if not all, some cross bred
processes, stages, or phases essential to animals inviable of reproduction?
achieving progress and development. The
difference is that meiosis is at a cellular
level and is a primary factor behind life
cycles. Meiosis enables the reproduction

4. define and explain the
significance of “crossing over”
and “random assortment” during
meiosis.
5. differentiate mitosis and
meiosis and describe the
changes that happen during cell
division.
of gametes that ensures organisms’ life
continues on a cycle.
Crossing over is the exchange or What happens during genetic
swapping of genetic material while exchange in detail?
random assortment is the random What happens if genetic swapping
arrangement of chromosomes in the doesn’t occur?
middle of the cell during the first part of
meiosis.
Their significance lies in the concept of
genetic variation and diversity. These two
account for the genetic combinations and
are responsible for the non-identicality of
the resulting offsprings.
Mitosis produces two identical diploid What are the differences in the
somatic cells while meiosis produces four changes between the phases of
genetically varied or unique sex cells. mitosis and meiosis?
MITOSIS
- DNA replicates. Chromosomes condense
and become visible. Centrosomes with
spindle fibers move toward opposite
poles.
- Chromosomes are lined up at the center
with each of its chromatid attached to the
spindle fibers on opposite poles.
- The centromere is then split and the
sister chromatids are pulled to each side,
with the spindle fibers elongating the cell.
- Chromosomes decondense and are
surrounded by a nucleus envelope
material.
- A cleavage furrow or cell plate appears
and separates the daughter cells.

MEIOSIS
- DNA replicates. Chromosomes condense
and become visible. Centrosomes with
spindle fibers move toward opposite
poles.
- Two homologous chromosomes are lined
up at the center with each of the
chromosomes connected to the spindle
fibers.
- The chromosomes are pulled to each
side, with the spindle fibers elongating the
cell. They are then surrounded by a
nucleus envelope material.
- A cleavage furrow or cell plate appears
and separates the daughter cells.
- Each of the two daughter cells undergoes
cell division once again following the same
phases.