HEAT TRANSFER – PROBLEM SET (T_1=80℉, k=0.

30 Btu/ 〖 ft 〗 ^2-hr-℉/ft ,
1. Determine the steady-state heat transfer
per unit area through a 3.81 cm thick
homogeneous wall with its two faces
maintained at uniform temperatures of 311
K and 294 K. Thermal conductivity of the
material is 0.193 W/m.K .
2. Determine the critical radius in cm for an
asbestos-covered pipe (k_abs=0.208
W/(m.K)) if the external heat transfer
coefficient is 8.51 W/m^2.
x=4’’)
7. Calculate the heat transfer per hour
through a solid brick wall 6m long, 2.9m
high, and 225 mm thick, when the outer
surface is at 5℃ and the inner surface 17℃,
the coefficient of thermal conductivity of the
brick being 0.6W/m-K.
8. The hot gas temperature in a heat
exchanger is 350℃ (h_o=220W/(m^2-K)).
What is the surface temperature on the wall
if the heat transferred is 1500 W/m^2?

9. A counter flow bank of boiler tubes has a

3. A steel ball ( c=460 J/kg.K, k = 35
total area of 900 〖 ft 〗 ^2 and its over-all
W/m.K ), 5 cm in diameter is initially at a
efficiency of heat transfer is 13 Btu/hr-
uniform temperature of 723 K. The ball is
〖 ft 〗 ^2-℉. Calculate the heat transferred if
placed in an environment maintained at
the log mean temperature difference is
373 K with the resulting heat transfer
1380℉.
coefficient h = 10 W/ m^2.K . What is the
biot number?

10. A pipe 200 mm outside diameter and

20m length is covered with a layer, 70mm
4. Two parallel plates are 1m by 2m are
thick of insulation having a thermal
maintained at 1000K and 500K,
conductivity of 0.05 W/m-K and a thermal
respectively. The configuration factor
conductance of 10 W/m^2-K at the outer
between the plates, F12 equals 0.50. If the
surface if the temperature of the pipe is
plates are assumed to be gray, each surface
350℃ and the ambient temperature 15℃,
having an emissivity of 0.50, find the net
calculate the external surface temperature
heat transfer between them.
of the lagging.

5. The heat loss per hour through 1m^2 of

11. Calculate the energy transfer rate
furnace wall 40cm thick is 520W. Th inside
across 6 in. wall of firebrick with a
wall temperature is 1000℃, and its average
temperature difference across the wall of
thermal conductivity is 0.61 W/m^2.℃ .
50℃. The thermal conductivity of the
The outside surface temperature of the wall
firebrick is 0.65 Btu/hr-ft-℉ at the
is nearest to:
temperature interest.

6. Given an inner wall at 80℉ and an outer

12. Calculate the heat loss per linear ft
wall exposed to ambient wind and
from 2 in. normal pipe (2.375 in. outside
surroundings at 40℉. Film coefficient, h,
diameter) covered with 1 in. of an insulating
for convective heat transfer at a 15 mph
material having an average thermal
wind is about 7 Btu/hr- 〖 ft 〗 ^2-℉.
conductivity of 0.0375 Btu/hr-ft-℉.
Assume that are inner and outer surface
temperatures of the insulation are 380℉
and 80℉ respectively:
13. A liquid to liquid counterflow heat
exchanger is used to heat a cold fluid from
120℉ to 310℉. Assuming that the hot fluid
enters at 500℉ and leaves at 400℉,
calculate the log mean temperature
difference for the heat exchanger.
14. At what rate does to sun lose energy by
radiation? The temperature of the sun is
about 6000K and its radius is 6.95x10^5
km.
15. How many watts will be radiated from a
spherical black body 15 cm in diameter at a
temperature of 800℃.
16. At an average temperature of 100℃, hot
air flows through a 2.5m long tube with an
inside diameter of 50mm. The temperature
of the tube is 20℃ along its entire length.
Convective film coefficient is 20.1 W/m^2-
K. Determine the convective heat transfer
from air to the tube.
17. The sun generates 1 kw/m^2 when
used as a source for solar collectors. A
collector with an area of 1m^2 heat water.
The flow rate is 3.0 liters per minute. What
is the temperature rise in the water? The
specific heat of water is 4200 J/kg.℃?
18. The temperature directly beneath a 3
in. concrete road is 5℉ and the air
temperature is 20℉. Calculate the steady
flow per square foot through the concrete.
The thermal conductivity of the concrete is
0.50 Btu/ft-hr-℉.
19. Hot gases at 280℃ flow on one side of a
metal plate of 50mm thickness and air at
35℃ flows on the other side. The heat
transfer coefficient of the gases is
31.5W/m^2-K and that of the air is 32
W/m^2-K. Calculate the over-all transfer
coefficient if the value of thermal
conductivity is 0.01.
20. How much heat will flow in 24 hours
through a plaster wall that is 0.50 in thick
and 8ft x 14ft in area if the temperature is
80℉ on one side and 40℉ on the other. Use
k = 3.25 Btu-in/hr-〖ft〗^2-℉.
21. A composite wall is made up of an
external thickness of brickwork 110 mm
thick inside which is a layer of fiberglass
75mm thick. The fiberglass is faced
internally by an insulating board 25mm
thick. The coefficient of thermal
conductivity for the three are as follows:
Brickwork: 1.5W/m-K
Fiberglass: 0.04W/m-K
Insulating board: 0.06W/m-K
The surface transfer coefficients of the
inside wall is 3.1 W/m 2−K while that of
the outside wall is 2.5 W/m 2−K . Take the
internal ambient temperature as 10 degree
Celsius and the external temperature is 27
degree Celsius. Determine the heat loss
through such wall 6m high and 10m long.
22. The inner surface of furnace wall is at
2000 degree C and outer surface at 500C.
Calculate the heat lost per m 2 area of the
wall. If thermal conductivity of the brick is
0.5 W/m-degree C & the wall thickness is
200mm.
23. If the mass velocity for water at 80℉
flowing through a 1in. diameter tube is
30,000 slug/hr- ft 2. What is the Reynolds
number. Take a viscosity value of 0.0648
slug/ft-hr.

24. Calculate the Reynolds number for

water at 80 ℉ flowing through a tube 2in
in diameter, if the average water velocity
and specific weight is 10ft/s and 62.4 lb/ ft 3
respectively. Use a value of the viscosity as
0.0648 slug/ft-hr.

25. The effective radius of the pads in a

single collar thrust block is 230 mm and
the total load on the thrust block is 240 Kn,
when the shaft is running at 93 rpm.
Taking the coefficient of friction between
thrust and collar pads as 0.025, find the
heat generated per hour.

26. Calculate the quantity of heat to be

transferred to 3.25 kg of brass to raise its
temperature from 30 degree Celsius to 250
degree Celsius taking the specific heat of
the brass as 0.394 kJ/kg-K.