Radioactivity (Lecture – 4)

RADIOACTIVITY
LECTURE - 4

RADIOACTIVE DISINTEGRATION SERIES

DIFFERENT TYPE OF NUCLEAR REACTION

• Projectile capture reactions

• Particle - particle reactions
• Fission Reactions
• Fusion Reactions

Projectile capture reactions :

The bombarding particle is absorbed with or without the emission of Gamma - radiations

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Radioactivity (Lecture – 4)

Examples

𝟓𝟓 𝟎 𝟓𝟓
𝟐𝟔 𝑭𝒆 + −𝟏 𝒆 → 𝟐𝟓 𝑴𝒏

𝟏𝟑𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟑𝟐
𝟓𝟓 𝑪𝒔 + 𝟏𝒑 → 𝟓𝟔 𝑩𝒂

Particle - particle reactions :

Majority of nuclear reactions come under this category.

In addition to the product nucleus, an elementary/simple particle is also emitted

𝟐𝟕 𝟒 𝟑𝟎 𝟏
𝟏𝟑 𝑨𝒍+𝟐 𝑯𝒆 → 𝟏𝟓 𝑷 + 𝟎𝒏

𝟏𝟎 𝟒 𝟏𝟑 𝟏
𝟓 𝑩 + 𝟐 𝑯𝒆 → 𝟕 𝑵 + 𝟎𝒏

𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟒 𝟎
𝟕 𝑵 → 𝟔 𝑪 + +𝟏 𝒆

Fission Reactions:

Nuclear reactions in which a heavy nucleus is broken down by a “slow” neutron (KE about 0.04 eV) into
two relatively smaller nuclei.

Also accompanied by with the emission of two or more neutrons

Tremendous amount of energy also released per mole of fission material.

92U235 + 0n1 → 56Ba141 + 36Kr92 + 3. 0n1 + 200 MeV

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Radioactivity (Lecture – 4)

Fission Reactions:

Sometimes different possibilities may also occur due to speed of neutron and other variations.
For eq.

92U235 + 0n1 → 54Xe142 + 38Sr90 + ?. 0n1 + ϒ-ray

Nuclear Fusion Reaction

A = Deuterium

B = Tritium

C = 𝜶 – Particle

D = Neutron

E = Tremendous amount of energy

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Radioactivity (Lecture – 4)

Differences between Nuclear fusion and Nuclear fission

Past year JEE questions

Example-1

Bombardment of Al by alpha particles leads to its artificial disintegration in two ways, as shown.
Products X, Y and Z respectively are: [JEE Adv. 2011]

(A) Proton, Neutron, Positron (B) Neutron, Positron, Proton

(C) Proton, Positron, Neutron (D) Positron, Proton, Neutron

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Radioactivity (Lecture – 4)

Example-2

A closed vessel with rigid walls contains 1 mol of U-238 (at no. 92) and 1 mol of air at 298 K. considering
complete decay of Uranium into Pb-206 (at no. 82), the ratio of the final pressure to the initial pressure of
the system ? [JEE Adv 2015]

Example-3

In the following decay sequence : [JEE Adv 2019]

(A) Z is and isotope of uranium

(B) x2 is beta particle

(C) x1 will deflect towards negatively charged plate

(D) x3 is Gamma-ray

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Radioactivity (Lecture – 4)

Practical / Commericial
Application of Radioactivity

Radiation Therapy

Used for treating cancer.

Power Generation

Nuclear power supplies 19.4 percent of energy in the United States.

There are 104 nuclear power plants in the United States.

In India, there are around 7 Nuclear Power Plants with 22 installed

and working Nuclear Reactors.

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