CELL

LIFE CYCLE
 01 Why and how are your nails and hair growing?

ANALYSIS What makes your wound heal?

02 How does it happen?

03 How do the cells in your body multiply?

 CELL CYCLE
The cell cycle can be thought of as the life cycle of a cell.
In other words, it is the series of growth and development
steps a cell undergoes between its “birth”—formation by
the division of a mother cell—and reproduction—division
to make two new daughter cells.
 CELL CYCLE
The cell cycle is a cycle, rather than a linear pathway,
because at the end of each go-round, the two daughter
cells can start the exact same process over again from the
beginning.
STAGES IN CELL CYCLE

INTERPHASE
MITOSIS
CYTOKINESIS
Growth
DNA Replication
Cell Functions
GAP 1 PHASE : CELLS MATURE

INTERPHASE
The period prior to the synthesis of DNA. The cell
inreases in mass and organelle number in preparation
for cell division.

SYNTHESIS PHASE : DNA COPIED

The period during which DNA is synthesized. The
chromosome content is doubled in this phase.

GAP 2 PHASE : CELLS PREPARE FOR DIVISION

The period after DNA synthesis has occured but prior
to the start of mitosis. The cell synthesizes additional
proteins and continues to increase in size.
The contents of the
dividing cell are
equally distributed
between two
daughter cells.
Produces body cells.
MITOSIS STAGES

PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE
PROPHASE
PROPHASE The chromosomes, which
had been thin and
threadlike in interphase,
begin to condense, or
thicken.
The spindle fibers form at
opposite poles of the cell.
METAPHASE
METAPHASE The spindle fibers
attach to the
centromeres of the
chromosomes and
line up the
chromosomes along
the center, or
“equator,” of the cell.
ANAPHASE
 The spindle fibers then pull
ANAPHASE
the sister chromatids away
from each other and
toward opposite poles of
the cell. This step is
essential, ensuring that
each of the daughter cells
will have a complete set of
chromosomes.
TELOPHASE
TELOPHASE A complete set of identical
chromosomes is located at
each pole of the cell. The
mitotic spindle breaks
down, and a nuclear
membrane begins to form
around each set of
daughter chromosomes.
CYTOKINESIS
CYTOKINESIS
The physical process of
cell division, which divides
the cytoplasm of a parental
cell into two daughter
cells.
MITOSIS STAGES

PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE
MITOSIS

2 new daughter diploid cells are produced

each cells contains complete set of 46 chromosomes
 MEIOSIS

Produces gametes
MEIOSIS STAGES

PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE
MEIOSIS STAGES

PROPHASE
METAPHASE
ANAPHASE
TELOPHASE
CROSSING OVER
CROSSING OVER

The exchange of genetic

material between
homologous chromosomes
homologous chromosomes -
have the same sequence for the
same trait, are the same size/shape,
but are not identical because one is
from each parent
MEIOSIS

4 genetically different daughter haploid cells

each cells contains 23 chromosomes
when haploid male and female gametes
unite in a process called fertilization, they
form one diploid cell called zygote
THANK YOU