Charles Darwin:

 The importance of artificial selection to

the field of evolutionary biology dates back
3 Approaches of Artificial Selection
to Darwin, who was likely the first to use
the term artificial selection in the ‘Origin of
Species’ 

 Darwin used the obvious evolutionary

results of domesticated species to show
- Outcrossing

-
the power of selective breeding as an
analogy to natural selection Linebreeding

What is Artificial Selection?

- Inbreeding
1.The Breeding of Plants and animals to
produce desirable traits

 Approaches to Selective Breeding

2. Humans select certain organisms to
reproduce in order to obtain offspring that inherit
ONLY the desired features Outcrossing :

Two animals mating in unrelated 4-6

3. "Selective Breeding"
1.When artificial selection is imposed, the trait or
traits being selected are known.
generations back results in high genetic
variation in traits. Outcrossing hides
undesirable traits by keeping them
recessive; this works best for desirable dominant
genes. 

2. Artificial selection is the basic method of

genetic improvement programs for crop plants or
livestock
3. Artificial selection is achieved through the
application of biotechnology
Linebreeding 
Add a This involves the mating of related
species having a common ancestor; it shows
uniformity than outcrossing and has low
genetic defects.subheading
3. Inbreeding

The mating occurs between directly related

Artificial Selection Provides Services to Mankind
Artificial selection has long been used in
agriculture to produce animals and crops with
desirable traits. The meats sold today are the
result of the selective breeding of chickens,
cattle, sheep, and pigs. Many fruits and
vegetables have been improved or even created
through artificial selection.
species for genetically improved plants and
animals. Recessive genes have a higher role
in genetic flaws than dominant genes, so there
is a higher chance of having trouble in
children. Inbreeding depletes the gene pool and,
extinct some lines; fitness of plants or animals is
at higher risk.
 animals can work in  artificial
selection
 The human food chain can be
Artificial Selection stabilized
in  It improves the animals and plants
Animals
quality

Artificial Selection or “ Selective Breeding” 

• the breeding of plants and animals to New plant and animal varieties
produce desirable traits can be created
It increase the yields from
 • people select certain organisms to
reproduce in order to obtain offspring that inherit animal-related food products
ONLY the desired features  The future generations of
plants and animals maintain the
improvements
Dogs – bred for a purpose

• Dogs have been selectively bred for a purpose

for over 14,000 years
DISADVANTAGES OF
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION
 • How many breeds of dogs currently exist? 

• Currently there are over 400 breeds of dogs. Lack of animals and
All descended from the wolf. 
plants variety

It can cause evolutionary
Dogs – bred for a purpose
changes in species

• Dogs have been selectively bred for a purpose Selective breeding can have
for over 14,000 years 
unintended consequences for
• Starting with some wolves, dogs were initially plants or animals.
bred to help with: 
Artificial selection
            
            - Hunting; producing sight hounds, decreases diversity
scent                           hounds, terriers, and 
Artificial selection can create
retrievers 
organisms that are harmful to
humans and other species

ADVANTAGES OF
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION
 Anyone with knowledge about the
specific charactiristics of plants and
 There is no guarantee that the
desired characteristics will be
passed down to the offspring.
Organisms may develop bodies
or structures that are incapable
of supporting the
desired characteristics.