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REFLECTION PAPER 5-  CHAPTER 15, 16, 17,18) 

PROPERTY CRIME
Why do People Commit Property Crime?

The Classical School of Crime, a body of work that emerged in Europe in the 17th
and 18th Centuries, argued that people have the capacity to think rationally; modern
deterrence theory has its roots in this school of thought. Punishment is supposed to have a
deterrent effect, on both potential offenders and those who have already been convicted.

- Deterrence theory: a theory founded on the tenet that for punishment to be effective,
it must be rapid, definite, and certain.
-
Property crimes are regarded social events rather than really individual occurrences,
and this distinction means that the origins and present situational challenges of offenders
need to be taken into account in addition to legal actions.

CRIME OF MORALITY

What is the Role of Law in Regulating Moral conduct?

We are social animals who rely on our environment to provide our requirements and satisfy
our demand for social connection.
- In order to assure everyone's survival, we place restrictions on our freedom from the
natural/animal condition as social creatures. Law is both joy and misery.
- The legal system and civilising process need compliance and the suppression of primal
inclinations (include desire for freedom of constraints)
Overcriminalization is when the law oversteps its bounds and interferes with social
interactions that are generally safe for both the participants and the community.
What is The Pursuit of Happiness and Law

From a traditional utilitarian standpoint, the goal of legislation is to ensure that people are
happy (Bentham believed that morality was decided by consequences, therefore an action
was morally justifiable or good if it generated a desirable result).
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What is The Harm Principle?

John Stuart Mill, commonly referred to be the founder of moral liberalism, wrote extensively
on the subject. People should restrict their actions to those that won't injure other people,
What is Illegal Drugs
- Drugs are both sought after condemned. Theyre either controlled or outlawed. Drug use is
related to “bad” people

ORGANIZED CRIME AND GANGS

Definitions in the Criminal Code

s. 467.1(1) of the Criminal Code defines a "criminal organisation" as an organisation that: has
three or more members, both inside and outside of Canada, and one of its main objectives or
activities is the facilitation or commission of one or more severe offences, which, upon
commission, would result in any group member receiving a substantial advantage, like money,
directly or indirectly.

What is the Gang Classification System

- Level 1-4 Gangs:

WHITE-COLLAR CRIME
What is White-Collar Crime? The origins of the label

White-Collar Crime idea/study was initially developed by Edwin Sutherland, who also came up
with the name in 1939..

What Makes White-Collar Crime Distinct

Street crime, which includes robberies, assaults, murders, and other violent crimes, may readily
be distinguished from white-collar crime.
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Which System Effects Does It Have?

Criminals who work in white collar positions have a greater impact on the written and applied
laws. Corporations and professional associations have traditionally devoted money to shape
legislation, regulation, and legal precedents to their interests, including through direct lobbying,
advertising, and court/regulatory interventions
.
What is Occupational Context? - Most people concur with Sutherland's assertion that white-
collar crime happens in working settings (referencing to office apparel) Complexity: What Is It?

Explain An Overview of White-Collar Offences in Canada

- Criminal Code and other statues cover a range of WC-Cs. The following are the
most broadly described types of white collar criminality

Fraud
The most prevalent/typical case of WC is fraud, which is a dishonest conduct
that deprives or puts another person in danger of being deprived of something.
The practise of disguising the source of money that has been obtained
unlawfully is known as money laundering.
Bribery is the illegal act of getting someone, a company, or the government to
act in one's favour., typically via the use of money transfers or gifts of property.
(perhaps directed at representatives from other countries)

Embezzlement: Taking or misappropriating funds that belong to someone else

(usually originally intrusted to individual) Taxes are the government of Canada's
lifeblood; therefore, evasion essentially the criminal avoidance of paying taxes.
- Insider trading is the act of buying or selling a stock, bond, or other security
while in possession of significant, private information about the firm you are
buying or selling it on.
- Market Manipulation: the act of interfering with the orderly functioning of a
market, often by using or fabricating false or fabricated information. Other white
collar crimes include Fixing prices , Health and Safety Breaches, Cybercrime