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Design of A Multiple Beam Pyrometer For Measurement of Temperature On Gas Turbine Blades
Design of A Multiple Beam Pyrometer For Measurement of Temperature On Gas Turbine Blades
x y z α β γ
Window - - - 1◦ 5◦ - Segment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Prism - 100µm 500µm 0.05◦ 0.5◦ 0.5◦ φc / µW 248 297 360 443 555 709 914
Lens 50µm 50µm 200µm 1◦ 1◦ - Fw / 10−3 2.76 2.17 1.74 1.38 1.24 1.44 0.91
Waveguide 100µm 10µm 450µm 1◦ 1◦ - φw / µW 0.69 0.64 0.62 0.61 0.69 1.02 0.83
The diagram confirms that there is coupled only for radiation were logged and are depicted exemplarily for waveguide No.
from the appropriate, but not from adjacent segments into 2 in Fig. 6. Birefringence effects are not considered here.
the waveguide. In the case that the CFE’s from neighboring 3) Coupling power: Until now, no absolute values for cou-
segments were not negligible, i.e. imaging didn’t work that pled fluxes were given. This was done in a further calculation
well, it would have been necessary to replace the lens by an accepting the following assumptions: Temperature of turbine
asphere. This element would feature much less aberrations. blade: Tb = 1000◦ C, sensitive wavelength range for detector:
2) Positioning tolerances of the waveguides: Another im- 800nm < λ < 1800nm. Integrating Planck’s radiation law,
portant question is: How precise have the optical elements the radiation flux φb , emitted by a turbine blade segment with
(waveguides, prism, lens and window) to be positioned? Tol- an area A = 4mm x 4mm, was calculated:
erances for each degree of freedom were defined by applying Z 1800nm
small shifts or rotations to the elements, and monitoring the 2πc2 h
φb = A · ch dλ = 35, 5mW (1)
decline of the CFEs. Concretely, translations in x, y and z 800nm λ5 e λkTb − 1
direction, as well as rotations around these axes, described by
the angles α, β, and γ were examined. The maximum tolerance This power is distributed within the half space above the blade.
is reached when the CFE into the appropriate waveguide Just a small fraction, given by the ratio of the spherical’s
decreases by 20% or when the CFE into a neighboring cap’s area (2πr2 (1 − cosχ)) and the hemisphere’s area hits
waveguide increases up to 10% of the original signal. Taking the cylinder. By weighting the result according to Lambert’s
into account that the ordinary and the extraordinary beam split law, we get the radiant flux φc , entering the cylinder (see Tab.
up by birefringence up to 15µm, the resulting allowances are II). The fraction Fw of φc which couples into the waveguides
shown in Tab. I. The positioning of the lens, prism and window was evaluated by RAYTRACE. Finally, the absolute radiant
according to the mentioned tolerances is easily achievable. flux, coupled into the waveguides, is given as φw in Tab. II.
On the other side, the realization of the positioning of the φw lies between 0.7 and 1µW and is detectable by the foreseen
waveguides guaranteeing especially the low y−tolerance of detector. If by any reason the coupled radiant flux was too low,
just 10µm is a challenge. Nevertheless, a solution for this the core diameter of the waveguides could be increased. But,
problem is in progress. As shifts of the waveguides in y- as the waveguides are already positioned very close together, a
direction are extremely sensitive, the CFE of the first three repositioning of the waveguides could be necessary then. This
waveguides, which lie together most closely, were examined would be linked with a decrease of the spatial resolution.
more extensively. Moving the waveguide in steps of 20µm, 4) Origin of coupled radiation on the turbine blade:
the CFEs from both the appropriate and the adjacent segments The key feature of the pyrometer is its ability to measure
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Fig. 8. The diagram displays the y− and z− position of each of the
seven waveguides according to simulation results and experimental results.
Fig. 7. The CFE into the appropriate waveguide is shown for every turbine The simulated positions are shown with tolerance bars, which are 4x scaled
blade segment from segment 1 at z = −42 to segment 7 at z = −18 as due to the experimental setup.
function of the emission position.
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