Computer

Science

Section (2)
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

Revision
Common image formats include:

• 1 Bit per Pixel (B&W)

• 8 Bit ~ 1 Byte per Pixel (Grayscale)
• 24 Bit ~ 3 Bytes per Pixel (Red, Green, and Blue)
• 32 Bit ~ 4 Bytes per Pixel (Red, Green, Blue and Opacity (Alpha))
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

Revision
Why Image Processing is so hard?

Because we see this:

And the computer sees this :

223 232 200 123 222 205 11 100 233

100 111 123 232 112 155 77 23 112
209 90 99 231 234 111 99 56 88
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

Popular Image File Formats

Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)

• One of the most important formats is the 8-bit GIF format.

• because of its historical connection to the WWW .
• The GIF standard is limited to 8-bit (256) color images only.

Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG)

• This standard was created by a working group called the Joint Photographic Experts Group
and is therefore so named.
• The human vision system has some specific limitations, which JPEG takes advantage of to
achieve high rates of compression. The eye-brain system cannot see extremely fine detai1

• This limitation is even more conspicuous for color vision than for grayscale (black and white).
• Therefore, color information in JPEG is decimated (partially dropped, or averaged)
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

Portable Network Graphics (PNG)

• standing for Portable Network Graphics
• Support for up to 48 bits of color information — a large increase.

Bitmap (BMP)

•Bitmap (BMP) is the major system standard graphics file format for Microsoft Windows.
•Uncompressed image format
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

Key Stages in Digital Image Processing

Low - Level Mid / High - Level

Morphological
Image Restoration Segmentation
Processing

Image Enhancement Object Recognition

Representation &
Image Acquisition Description

Problem Domain
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

Key Stages in Digital Image Processing

Low - Level • First Step in DIP

• In this step, the image is captured by a sensor (such as a camera)
and digitized; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) digitizes it.
Image Restoration

Image Enhancement

Image Acquisition

Problem Domain
Example: Take a picture
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

Key Stages in Digital Image Processing

Low - Level • Simplest and most attractive area of DIP.

• Image Enhancement is the process of manipulating an image so that
the result is more suitable than the original.
Image Restoration

Image Enhancement

Image Acquisition

Problem Domain
Example: Image Enhancement
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

Key Stages in Digital Image Processing

Low - Level • Image enhancement: “improve” an image subjectively.

• Image restoration: remove distortion from image in order
• to go back to the “original” form.
Image Restoration

Image Enhancement

Image Acquisition

Problem Domain
Example: Distortion Removal
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

MATLAB R2013

Or type the full path

i=imread(' D:\my images\ a.jpg')
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

MATLAB R2013

i=imread(‘Lena512.bmp’)
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

MATLAB R2013
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

MATLAB R2013
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

MATLAB R2013

Show only one image (Replace)

Section (2) Digital Image Processing

MATLAB R2013

Or
imshow(‘’), figure,imshow(‘’)
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

MATLAB R2013
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

MATLAB R2013
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

MATLAB R2013
Section (2) Digital Image Processing

MATLAB R2013
Computer
Science

End Of Section (2)