Design Information

• Steel Grade: S275

• All Bottom Chords and Top Chords Members will be designed as
Double Angle
• Double Angle Members:
❖ Connected to both sides of a gusset plate.
❖ Space between Angles (Bottom Chord) = 12mm.
❖ Space between Angles (Top Chord) = 10mm.
❖ Using two interconnecting pieces through the length of the
member.
• All Internal Members (Ties and struts) will be designed as single angle.
• All Members those tension controlled will be welded connection.
• All Members those compression controlled will be bolted connection.
• Bolted Connection:
❖ All bolts will be 20mm diameter.
❖ More than one bolt will be used arrange along the longitudinal
axis the member.
➢ NOTE: All sections have thickness < 16 mm, therefore the design
strength 𝒑𝒚 = 𝟐𝟕𝟓 𝑵/𝒎𝒎

1
 Member Forces

Combo1 Combo2 Combo3

Member Description Length(m) D.L L.L W.L 1.4(DL)+ 1.2(DL+ 1.0(DL)+
1.6(LL) LL+WL) 1.4(WL)

1 T. Chord 2.66 -90.37 -76.25 53.18 -248.51 -136.12 -15.92

2 T. Chord 2.66 -83.83 -70.73 50.83 -230.53 -124.47 -12.67

3 T. Chord 2.66 -75.71 -63.88 46.13 -208.20 -112.15 -11.13

4 T. Chord 2.66 -69.56 -58.69 44.07 -191.28 -206.78 -131.26

5 B. Chord 3.33 84.92 71.65 -49.07 233.52 129.00 16.22

6 B. Chord 3.33 72.63 61.28 -40.53 199.73 112.05 15.89

7 B. Chord 3.33 48.80 41.17 -24.92 134.20 78.06 13.91

9 Tie 3.33 9.01 7.60 -6.01 24.78 12.72 0.60

11 Tie 3.33 12.29 10.37 -7.92 33.80 17.69 1.20

13 Tie 3.33 26.48 22.34 -17.05 72.82 38.13 2.61

14 Tie 3.33 17.47 14.74 -11.45 48.04 24.91 1.44

8 Strut 1.23 -9.01 -7.60 6.01 -24.78 -12.72 -0.60

10 Strut 2.46 -17.47 -14.74 11.45 -48.04 -24.91 -1.44

12 Strut 1.23 -9.01 -7.60 6.01 -24.78 -12.72 -0.60

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 Design of Truss Members

❖ Design Top Chord member:

1.4(DL)+ 1.2(DL+ 1.0(DL)+
Member Description Length(m) D.L L.L W.L
1.6(LL) LL+WL) 1.4(WL)

1 T. Chord 2.66 -90.37 -76.25 53.18 -248.51 -136.12 -15.92

Try section (𝟖𝟎 × 𝟖𝟎 × 𝟖) Equal Angles (Back to Back)

1. Section Properties (Hand Book):

b 80 mm rx 24.3 mm b/t 10 mm Ag 24.4 cm2

d 80 mm ry 36 mm d/t 10 mm _ _

(𝐛 + 𝐝)
t 8 mm rv 15.6 mm 20 mm _ _
𝒕

2. Section Classification: (𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒_11)

0.5
275 275 0.5
ε= [ ] =[ ] =1
py 275
Compression Semi-compact
Ratio Plastic Compact
element

Double angle with b/t = 10 15 ε

the component, d/t = 10 Not applicable 15 ε
axial compression
(b+d)
= 20 24 ε
𝑡

∴ Section is Semi-compact

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3. Slenderness ratio (𝜆): (𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒_25)
1. (𝒙 − 𝒙) 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔:

0.85 ∗ 𝐿𝑥 0.85 × 2660

= = 96.05
𝑟𝑥 24.3
0.7 ∗ 𝐿𝑥 0.7 × 2660
+ 30 = + 30 = 106.63
𝑟𝑥 24.3
2. (𝒚 − 𝒚) 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔:
𝐿𝑣 886.67
𝜆𝑐 = = = 56.84
𝑟𝑣 15.6

𝐿𝑦 2 2660 2
√( ) + 𝜆𝑐 = √(
2 ) + 56.842 = 93.22
𝑟𝑦 36

1.4𝜆𝑐 = 1.4(56.84) = 79.5

❖ 𝝀𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟏𝟎𝟔. 𝟔𝟑

4. Compressive Strength (𝑝C): (Table-24[c])

𝑝𝑦 = 275 𝑁/𝑚𝑚, 𝜆 = 106.63
❖ 𝒑𝒄 = 𝟏𝟏𝟒 𝑵/𝒎𝒎
5. Compressive resistance (𝑃C ):
2440
𝑃𝑐 = 𝑝𝑐 ∗ 𝐴𝑔 = 114 × = 𝟐𝟕𝟖. 𝟏𝟔 𝑲𝑵
1000
𝑷𝒄 > 𝟐𝟒𝟖. 𝟓𝟏 “𝑺𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒅”

4
 ❖ Design Strut member:

1.4(DL)+ 1.2(DL+ 1.0(DL)+

Member Description Length(m) D.L L.L W.L
1.6(LL) LL+WL) 1.4(WL)

10 Tie 2.46 -17.47 -14.74 11.45 -48.04 -24.91 -1.44

Try section (𝟕𝟎 × 𝟕𝟎 × 𝟔) Equal Angles

4. Section Properties (Hand Book):

b 70 mm rx 21.3 mm b/t 11.67 Ag 8.13 cm2

d 70 mm ry 21.3 mm d/t 11.67 _ _

(𝐛 + 𝐝)
t 6 mm rv 13.7 mm 23.33 _ _
𝒕

5. Section Classification: (𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒_11)

0.5
275 275 0.5
ε= [ ] =[ ] =1
py 275
Compression Semi-compact
Ratio Plastic Compact
element

Double angle with b/t = 11.67 15 ε

the component, d/t = 11.67 Not applicable 15 ε
axial compression
(b+d)
= 23.33 24 ε
𝑡

∴ Section is Semi-compact

5
6. Slenderness ratio (𝜆): (𝑇𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒_25)
3. (𝒙 − 𝒙) 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔:
0.85 ∗ 𝐿𝑥 0.85 × 2460
= = 98.17
𝑟𝑥 21.3
0.7 ∗ 𝐿𝑥 0.7 × 2460
+ 30 = + 30 = 110.85
𝑟𝑥 21.3
4. (𝒚 − 𝒚) 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔:
𝐿𝑦 2460
= = 115.49
𝑟𝑦 21.3
0.7 ∗ 𝐿𝑦 0.7 × 2460
+ 30 = + 30 = 110.85
𝑟𝑦 21.3
5. (𝒗 − 𝒗) 𝒂𝒙𝒊𝒔:
0.85 ∗ 𝐿𝑣 0.85 × 2460
= = 152.63
𝑟𝑣 13.7
0.7 ∗ 𝐿𝑣 0.7 × 2460
+ 15 = + 15 = 140.69
𝑟𝑣 21.3

❖ 𝝀𝐦𝐚𝐱 = 𝟏𝟓𝟐. 𝟔𝟑
6. Compressive Strength (𝑝C): (Table-24[c])
𝑝𝑦 = 275 𝑁/𝑚𝑚, 𝜆 = 152.63
❖ 𝒑𝒄 = 𝟔𝟔 𝑵/𝒎𝒎
7. Compressive resistance (𝑃C ):
813
𝑃𝑐 = 𝑝𝑐 ∗ 𝐴𝑔 = 66 × = 𝟓𝟑. 𝟔𝟔 𝑲𝑵
1000

𝑷𝒄 > 𝟒𝟖. 𝟎𝟒 “𝑺𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒅”

6
 ❖ Design Bottom Chord member:

1.4(DL)+ 1.2(DL+ 1.0(DL)+

Member Description Length(m) D.L L.L W.L
1.6(LL) LL+WL) 1.4(WL)

5 B. Chord 3.33 84.92 71.65 -49.07 233.52 129.00 16.22

Try section (𝟔𝟎 × 𝟒𝟎 × 𝟓) Unequal Angles (Back to Back)

1. Section Properties (Hand Book):

Ag 4.79 cm2

2. Tension Capacity:
𝐴𝑔 = 479 𝑚𝑚2
𝑎1 = 60 × 5 = 300 𝑚𝑚2
𝑎2 = 𝐴𝑔 − 𝑎1 = 479 − 300 = 179 𝑚𝑚2
𝑃𝑡 = 𝑝𝑦 (𝐴 − 0.15𝑎2 )
𝑃𝑡 = (275(479 − 0.15 × 179)) × 2/1000 = 𝟐𝟒𝟖. 𝟔𝟖 𝑲𝑵

𝑷𝒕 > 𝟐𝟑𝟑. 𝟓𝟐 “𝑺𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒅”

7
 ❖ Design Tie member:

1.4(DL)+ 1.2(DL+ 1.0(DL)+

Member Description Length(m) D.L L.L W.L
1.6(LL) LL+WL) 1.4(WL)

13 Tie 3.33 26.48 22.34 -17.05 72.82 38.13 2.61

Try section (𝟓𝟎 × 𝟑𝟎 × 𝟓) Unequal Angles

3. Section Properties (Hand Book):

Ag 3.78 cm2

4. Tension Capacity:
𝐴𝑔 = 378 𝑚𝑚2
𝑎1 = 50 × 5 = 250 𝑚𝑚2
𝑎2 = 𝐴𝑔 − 𝑎1 = 378 − 250 = 128 𝑚𝑚2
𝑃𝑡 = 𝑝𝑦 (𝐴 − 0.3𝑎2 )
275(378 − 0.3 ∗ 128)
𝑃𝑡 = = 𝟗𝟑. 𝟑𝟗 𝑲𝑵
1000

𝑷𝒕 > 𝟕𝟐. 𝟖𝟐 “𝑺𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒅”

8
Arrangement drawing of truss

9
 Purlins
Design Information

• Code of Practice: BS 5950-1:2000

• Member: Purlins
• Method of Design: Conservative
• Suggested Section: Angle (Hot-rolled). Steel Grade: S 275
• End connections: Bolted connection:
❖ 2 No. 𝟏𝟔𝒎𝒎 diameters
❖ Grade: 𝟒. 𝟔
❖ In standard clearance holes of non-preloaded bolts at each support.
• Steel Elastic Modulus: 𝟐𝟎𝟓 𝑮𝑷𝒂
• Purlin span: 𝟒 𝒎
• Purlin spacing: 𝟐. 𝟔𝟔 𝒎
• Unfactored loads (on slope area):
❖ Total Dead load = 𝟎. 𝟒 𝑲𝑵/𝒎𝟐
❖ Live load = 𝟎. 𝟕 𝑲𝑵/𝒎𝟐
❖ Wind load = −𝟎. 𝟓𝟐 𝑲𝑵/𝒎𝟐

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 Design According to Conservative Method

1. Total load on purlins:

❖ Total Dead load = 0.4 × 4 × 2.66 = 𝟒. 𝟐𝟔 𝑲𝑵
❖ Live load = 0.7 × 4 × 2.66 = 𝟕. 𝟒𝟓 𝑲𝑵
❖ Wind load = −0.52 × 4 × 2.66 = −𝟓. 𝟓𝟑 𝑲𝑵
2. Design Load:
𝑊 = 1.4𝐷. 𝐿 + 1.6𝐿. 𝐿 (𝐶𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 )
𝑊 = 1.4 ∗ 4.26 + 1.6 ∗ 7.45 = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟖𝟖 𝑲𝑵
3. Load components;
𝑊𝑥 = 17.88𝑐𝑜𝑠(20) = 16.8 𝐾𝑁
𝑊𝑦 = 17.88𝑠𝑖𝑛(20) = 6.12 𝐾𝑁
4. Bending moment:

𝑊𝑥 ∗ 𝑙 16.8 × 4
𝑀𝑥 = = = 8.4 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
8 8

𝑊𝑦 ∗ 𝑙 6.12 × 4
𝑀𝑦 = = = 3.06 𝐾𝑁. 𝑚
8 8

5. Required modulus:
𝑀𝑥 8.4 × 103
𝑍𝑥 = = = 𝟑𝟎. 𝟓𝟓 𝒄𝒎𝟑
𝑝𝑦 275
𝑀𝑦 3.06 × 103
𝑍𝑦 = = = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟑
𝑝𝑦 275

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6. Deflection requirements:
span 4000
𝛿𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 = = = 11.11 𝑚𝑚
360 360
5𝑊𝐿3
𝛿𝑥 =
384𝐸𝐼𝑥

𝑊 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 7.45 𝐾𝑁

5𝑊𝐿3 5∗7.45∗40003
𝐼𝑥 = = × 10−4 = 𝟐𝟕𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟒
384𝐸𝛿𝑥 384∗205∗11.1

7. Selection of the section: (Hand book)

Try section (𝟏𝟐𝟓 × 𝟕𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎) Unequal Angles

B 75 mm Zx 36.5 cm3 t 10 mm

D 125 mm Zy 14.3 cm3 Ix 302 cm4

8. Check for shear:

• Reaction (FV):
17.88
𝐹𝑉 = = 𝟖. 𝟗𝟒 𝒌𝑵
2

• Shear capacity (PV):

𝑃𝑉 = 0.6 × 𝑃𝑦 × 𝐴𝑉 ∶ (𝐴𝑉 = 0.9𝐴𝑜 )

𝑃𝑉 = 0.6 × 275 × 0.9 × 125 × 10 × 10−3 = 𝟏𝟖𝟓. 𝟔𝟑 𝑲𝑵

12
❖ 𝑷𝑽 > 𝟖. 𝟗𝟒
❖ 𝑰𝒙 > 𝟐𝟕𝟐. 𝟖𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟒
❖ 𝒁𝒙 > 𝟑𝟎. 𝟓𝟓 𝒄𝒎𝟑
❖ 𝒁𝒚 > 𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟑 𝒄𝒎𝟑

“𝑺𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒇𝒊𝒆𝒅”

Arrangement drawing of purlins

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