Transformations of Graphs

Transformations of Graphs
Learning Targets:
AII.F.4 Explore and describe the effect on the graph of f(x) by replacing f(x) with f(x) + k, kf(x), f(kx), and f(x + k)
for specific values of k (both positive and negative) with and without technology. Find the value of k given the
graph of f(x) and the graph of f(x) + k, k f(x), f(kx), or f(x + k).
AII.PR.2 Graph mathematical functions including:

a. polynomial functions;
b. rational functions;
c. square root functions;
d. absolute value functions; and,
e. piecewise-defined functions
with technology. Identify and describe features, such as intercepts, domain and range, end behavior, and lines
of symmetry.
SWBAT identify and describe transformations of parent functions
Success Criteria: Check off the ones you understand and ask questions on the ones you do not understand
 I can identify shifts (left, right, up down)
 I can identify a reflection
 I can identify a stretch or compression
 I can graph transformed functions without technology
Vocabulary:
Parent Function: the original function of a graph without any transformations applied to it
Transformation Function: a copy of the parent function with transformations applied such as up, down, left,
right, reflection, stretch, or compress
Vertex: the tip of a function displayed on a graph
Axis of Symmetry: the vertical line that cuts the graph in half to make it equal on both sides written as the
equation x = x – coordinate of the vertex
Roots/Zeros/Solutions/x – intercepts: where the graph crosses the x – axis. Written in the form (x, 0)
Y – intercept: where the graph crosses the y – axis. Written in the form (0, y)
Maximum: the highest point of the graph. This is typically the y – coordinate of the vertex
Minimum: the lowest point of the graph. This is typically the y – coordinate of the vertex
Domain: all the x – values of the graph or function that belong on or to that function
Range: all the y – values of the graph or function that belong on or to that function
∞: this is the infinity symbol. It can be positive or negative.
Interval Notation: notation used to write the domain and range utilizing ( ) and [ ] symbols, where ( ) means
the value is NOT included and [ ] means the value IS included in the answer
Set Builder Notation: notation used to write the domain and range utilizing { } and sometimes inequality
symbols
ℝ: the set of real numbers
Horizontal Shift: when the graph moves left or right. This is controlled by the h in the equation.
Vertical Shift: when the graph moves up or down. This is controlled by the k in the equation.
Reflection: when the graph is upside down or opposite of its parent function. This is controlled by the a in the
equation.
Compression: when a graph appears squashed or wide. This is controlled by the a in the equation
when 0 < a < 1.
Stretch: when a graph appears tall or long. This is controlled by the a in the equation when a > 1.
Absolute Value Transformation Function: 𝑦 = 𝑎|𝑥 − ℎ| + 𝑘
Quadratic Transformation Function: 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘

Cubic Transformation Function: 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)3 + 𝑘
Square Root Transformation Function: 𝑦 = 𝑎√(𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘
Exponential Transformation Function: 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑏 (𝑥−ℎ) ) + 𝑘
Transformations of Parent Functions (the example shown is of a quadratic function, but all the
graphs move the same way)
Vertical (up or down)

2
𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘 shift
Stretch (a > 1) Horizontal (left or right)

compression (0 < a < 1) shift
Reflection if negative
 When h is positive, then the graph shifts ________________.
 When h is negative, then the graph shifts ________________.
 When k is positive, then the graph shifts ________________.
 When k is negative, then the graph shifts ________________.
 When a is negative, then the graph is ___________________.
 When a is greater than 1, then the graph is ___________________.
 When a is less than 1, then the graph is ___________________.
 The vertex is ________________. (Remember that not all graphs have this)
 The equation of the axis of symmetry (AOS) is _________________. (Remember that not all graphs
have this)
Vertical and Horizontal Shifts

Identify any vertical or horizontal shifts for each function and answer the given questions.
1. This graph has a vertical/horizontal/both shift. Circle one
The value of the shift is _____ units __________.
This graph represents a(n) linear/absolute

value/quadratic/square root/cubic/exponential
function. Circle one
Parent Function: ____________________
Vertex: __________ Range: __________ Transformation Function: ____________________
Domain: __________ Max/Min Value: __________


Parent Function: ____________________

Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________

Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________

Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________

Parent Function: ____________________
Vertex: __________ Range: __________

Transformation Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________
Vertex: __________ Range: __________


Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________

Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________
Vertex: __________ Range: __________


Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________
Vertex: __________ Range: __________


Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________

Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________

Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________

Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________

Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________

Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________

Parent Function: ____________________
Vertex: __________ Range: __________



Parent Function: ____________________

Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________

Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________

Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________

Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________

Parent Function: ____________________


Parent Function: ____________________
Reflections, Stretches, Compressions

Determine if each graph has reflection, stretch, compression, or a mix of two of them.
1. 2.
3. 4.
5. 6.
7. 8.
Graphing Functions with Transformations

Graph each function on the grid provided and answer the questions about the graph.
1. 𝑦 = |𝑥 − 2| + 5
Parent Function: __________ Domain: __________
Range: __________ Vertex: __________
x-intercepts: __________ y-intercept: __________
Max/Min Value: __________
Transformations: ____________________________________
___________________________________________________ x
y
2. 𝑦 = 2𝑥 3
Range: __________ Vertex: __________
___________________________________________________ x
3. 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 2)2 + 3
Range: __________ Vertex: __________
___________________________________________________ x
y
1
4. 𝑦 = 2 𝑥2 − 5
Range: __________ Vertex: __________
___________________________________________________
x
5. 𝑦 = √𝑥 − 2
Range: __________ Vertex: __________
___________________________________________________ x
y
6. 𝑦 = 2(𝑥−4)
Range: __________ Vertex: __________
___________________________________________________ x
7. 𝑦 = −𝑥 2
Range: __________ Vertex: __________
___________________________________________________ x
y
8. 𝑦 = −2|𝑥 + 2| − 3
Range: __________ Vertex: __________
___________________________________________________ x
1
9. 𝑦 = − 2 (𝑥 + 4)2 + 1
Range: __________ Vertex: __________
___________________________________________________
x
y
10. 𝑦 = −𝑥 3
Range: __________ Vertex: __________
___________________________________________________ x
1
11. 𝑦 = − 3 √𝑥 + 1 − 2
Range: __________ Vertex: __________
___________________________________________________
x

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Transformations of Graphs

AII.PR.2 Graph mathematical functions including:

Quadratic Transformation Function: 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ)2 + 𝑘

Square Root Transformation Function: 𝑦 = 𝑎√(𝑥 − ℎ) + 𝑘

Exponential Transformation Function: 𝑦 = 𝑎(𝑏 (𝑥−ℎ) ) + 𝑘

Vertical (up or down)

Stretch (a > 1) Horizontal (left or right)

 When h is negative, then the graph shifts ________________.

 When k is positive, then the graph shifts ________________.

 When k is negative, then the graph shifts ________________.

 When a is negative, then the graph is ___________________.

 When a is greater than 1, then the graph is ___________________.

 When a is less than 1, then the graph is ___________________.

Vertical and Horizontal Shifts

1. This graph has a vertical/horizontal/both shift. Circle one

The value of the shift is _____ units __________.

The value of the shift is _____ units __________.

This graph represents a(n) linear/absolute

Parent Function: ____________________

Vertex: __________ Range: __________ Transformation Function: ____________________

Domain: __________ Max/Min Value: __________

The value of the shift is _____ units __________.

The value of the shift is _____ units __________.

This graph represents a(n) linear/absolute

Parent Function: ____________________

Vertex: __________ Range: __________ Transformation Function: ____________________

Domain: __________ Max/Min Value: __________

3. This graph has a vertical/horizontal/both shift. Circle one

The value of the shift is _____ units __________.

The value of the shift is _____ units __________.

This graph represents a(n) linear/absolute

Parent Function: ____________________

Vertex: __________ Range: __________ Transformation Function: ____________________

Domain: __________ Max/Min Value: __________

The value of the shift is _____ units __________.

The value of the shift is _____ units __________.

This graph represents a(n) linear/absolute

Parent Function: ____________________

Vertex: __________ Range: __________ Transformation Function: ____________________

Domain: __________ Max/Min Value: __________

5. This graph has a vertical/horizontal/both shift. Circle one

The value of the shift is _____ units __________.

The value of the shift is _____ units __________.

This graph represents a(n) linear/absolute

Parent Function: ____________________

Vertex: __________ Range: __________ Transformation Function: ____________________

Domain: __________ Max/Min Value: __________

The value of the shift is _____ units __________.

The value of the shift is _____ units __________.

This graph represents a(n) linear/absolute

Parent Function: ____________________

Vertex: __________ Range: __________ Transformation Function: ____________________

Domain: __________ Max/Min Value: __________

7. This graph has a vertical/horizontal/both shift. Circle one

The value of the shift is _____ units __________.

The value of the shift is _____ units __________.

This graph represents a(n) linear/absolute

Parent Function: ____________________

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range: Transformation Function: ____________

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range: Transformation Function: ____________

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range: Transformation Function: ____________

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range: Transformation Function: ____________

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range: Transformation Function: ____________

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range: Transformation Function: ____________

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range: Transformation Function: ____________

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range: Transformation Function: ____________

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range:

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range:

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range: Transformation Function: ____________

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range: Transformation Function: ____________

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range: Transformation Function: ____________

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range:

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range: Transformation Function: ____________

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range:

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

Vertex: Range: Transformation Function: ____________

Domain: Max/Min Value:

The value of the shift is _ units ______.

The value of the shift is _ units ______.