The different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum

Compare the relative wavelengths of different forms of electromagnetic waves

Cite examples of practical applications of the different regions of EM waves, such as the
use of radio waves in telecommunications
 Electromagnetic waves have a vast range of practical everyday applications that
includes such diverse uses as communication by cell phone and radio
broadcasting, cooking, vision, medical imaging, and treating cancer.

 Radio Waves---- Cell phone conversations, and television voice and video

images are commonly transmitted as digital data, by converting the signal into a
sequence of binary ones and zeros. This allows clearer data transmission when
the signal is weak, and allows using computer algorithms to compress the digital
data to transmit more data in each frequency range. Computer data as well is
 transmitted as a sequence of binary ones and zeros, each one or zero constituting
one bit of data.

 Microwave Cooking
The microwaves in a microwave
oven penetrate and agitate the water
molecules within the food. Thus, they
create molecular friction which produces
heat that will cook the food.
 INFARRED
Night vision goggles use thermal
imaging technology to capture the
infrared light being emitted as heat by
objects in the field of view.

 X-RAYS  Diagnosing bone fractures X-rays are produced using an X-ray tube.
They are emitted when fast moving electrons hit a metal target. Long wavelength
X-rays can penetrate the flesh but not the bones that’s why it is used in
diagnosing bone fractures

 GAMMA RAYS
Treat tumors and cancer through the process called radiotherapy. The
high-energy rays of gamma destroys cancer cells in the area where it is given.
Gamma rays sterilize surgical instruments because they easily penetrate through
materials and the energy they release kills bacteria and other microorganisms.
Explain the effects of EM radiation on living things and the environment
EM radiation is an undulation or oscillation of the electrostatic Coulomb force
between particles with charge. It is caused by a forced oscillation of a charged particle
and the effect is determined by the tethering and the subsequent natural frequency of
the recipient charge. The forced oscillation can vary from a low frequency as in radio
transmissions, to midrange frequencies as in visible light and to high frequency and
high energy in x-rays and destructive gamma rays.

Gamma - High doses can kill living cells. Lower doses can cause cancer in cells
X- ray - High doses can kill living cells.
UV - High doses can kill living cells. Lower doses can cause cancer in cells
Infrared- Causes burning of tissues
Visible light - Activates sensitive cells in the retina.
Radio – probably none
The images formed by the different types of mirrors and lenses

Predict the qualitative characteristics (orientation, type, and magnification) of images

formed by plane and curved mirrors and lenses

Plane mirrors produce images with a number of distinguishable characteristics.

Images formed by plane mirrors are virtual, upright, left-right reversed, the same
distance from the mirror as the object's distance, and the same size as the object.
Besides the fact that plane mirror images are virtual, there are several other
characteristics that are worth noting. The second characteristic has to do with the
orientation of the image. Your left hand, you will notice that the image raises what
would seem to be it's right hand. If you raise your right hand, the image raises what
would seem to be its left hand.

Identify ways in which the properties of mirrors and lenses determine their use in
optical instruments (e.g., cameras and binoculars)

Convex Lens

• It is thicker in the center than edges.

• It forms real images and virtual images depending on position of the object.

• It is also called Converging Lens because the light that passes through it tends to converge at a
particular point called the focal point.

The pictures above show the result when light enters into a convex lens. Picture A displays how
parallel light rays converge after refraction while Picture B illustrates how converging lens magnify the
words from the book.
 2. Concave Lens

• It is thicker at the edges and thinner in the center.

• It forms upright and reduced images.

• It is also called Diverging Lens because the light that passes through it tends to diverge at a
particular point called the focal point.

The photos above show the effect when light enters into a concave lens. Picture C displays how parallel
light rays diverge after refraction while Picture D illustrates how diverging lens shrink the children fitting
them in a concave lens.

The relationship between electricity and magnetism in electric motors and

generators
 Electricity and magnetism are closely related: power lines generate a
magnetic field and rotating magnets in a generator produce
electricity. But the phenomenon is actually much more complicated, because
the electrical and magnetic properties of certain materials are also coupled with
each other.
Explain the operation of a simple electric motor and generator
 A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, while
a motor does the opposite - it converts electrical energy into
mechanical energy. Both devices work because of electromagnetic induction,
which is when a voltage is induced by a changing magnetic field