Shivajirao.S.

Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath

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Micro-Project On

REPORT ON DEPICTING FEATURES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the diploma Of

Diploma in Computer Technology

Aryan Sambhir
Amey Kandalgaonkar
Milind Gondalli
Komal Datir

Under the guidance of

Mrs.Poonam Patil.

Department of COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY,

Shivajirao.S.Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath (Maharashtra)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education

(2022-2023)

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Computer Department
 Shivajirao.S.Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath
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MAHARASHTRA STATE
BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Certificate
TH
This is to certify that Mr./Ms. of 5 Semester of Diploma in COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY of
Institute, SHIVAJIRAO SAMARTH JONDHALE POLYTECHNIC (Code:0147) has completed the
Micro Project satisfactorily in Subject: OSY for the academic year (2022- 2023) as prescribed in
the curriculum.

SR NO. Name of Students Roll No. Enrollment No. Seat No.

1 Aryan Sambhir 1419 2001470004

2 Amey 1413 2001470020

Kandalgaonkar
3 Milind Gondalli 1410 2001470028

4 Komal Datir 1404 2001470007

Place: AMBERNATH. Date:

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

II
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Computer Department
 Shivajirao.S.Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath
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INDEX

SR NO. CONTENT PAGE NO.

I
1 TITLE

CERTIFICATE II
2
III
INDEX
3

WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT IV

4

ABSTRACT 1
5

INTRODUCTION 2
6

LITERATURE SURVEY 5
7

FEATURES 6
8

REFERENCES 10
9

CONCLUSION 11
10

III
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Computer Department
 Shivajirao.S.Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath
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WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT OF MICRO PROJECT

SR.NO. WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED DATE

1 Discussion and finalization of

1st
topic

2 Preparation and submission

2nd
of Abstract

3 3rd Literature Review

4 4th Collection of Data

5 5th Collection of Data

6 Discussion and outline of

6th
Content

7 7th Formulation of Content

8 Editing and proof Reading of

8th
Content

9 Compilation of Report And

9th
Presentation

10 10th Seminar

11 11th Viva voce

12 Final submission of
12th
Micro Project

Sign of the student Sign of the faculty

IV

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Computer Department
 Shivajirao.S.Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath
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ABSTRACT

operating system (OS), Software that controls the operation of a computer, directs the input
and output of data, keeps track of files, and controls the processing of computer programs. Its
roles include managing the functioning of the computer hardware, running the applications
programs, serving as an interface between the computer and the user, and allocating computer
resources to various functions. When several jobs reside in the computer simultaneously and
share resources (multitasking), the OS allocates fixed amounts of CPU time and memory in
turn or allows one job to read data while another writes to a printer and still another performs
computations. Through a process called time-sharing, a large computer can handle interaction
with hundreds of users simultaneously, giving each the perception of being the sole user.
Modern computer operating systems are becoming increasingly machine-independent, capable
of running on any hardware platform; a widely used platform-independent operating system in
use today on mainframe computers is UNIX. Most personal computers run on Microsoft’s
Windows operating system, which grew out of and eventually replaced MS-DOS. The
operating system is the performance of a computer system hardware abstraction, through which
people control the hardware, and to use the resources of the computer system. Course groups
is proposed, using a variety of measures to uphold the theory and practice, both innovative
strategies to improve teaching effectiveness, develop computer applications personnel. In order
to cultivate the students' basic knowledge, practical ability, innovation and system design
capability for the subject to course through software and hardware as a method.

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Computer Department
 Shivajirao.S.Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath
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1. INTRODUCTION

What is Operating System (OS)? Definition, Types, and Functions

What is an Operating System?

An operating system (OS) manages all other applications and programs in a computer, and it is
loaded into the computer by a boot program. It enables applications to interact with a
computer’s hardware. Through a designated application programme interface, the application
programmes request services from the operating system (API). The kernel is the software that
contains the operating system’s core components. To run other programmes, every computer
has to have at least one operating system installed.

Operating System
Windows, Linux, and Android are examples of operating systems that enable the user to use
programs like MS Office, Notepad, and games on the computer or mobile phone. It is necessary
to have at least one operating system installed in the computer in order to run basic programs
like browsers.

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Computer Department
 Shivajirao.S.Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath
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• An operating system (OS) is the programme that controls all other application
programmes in a computer after being installed into the system first by a boot
programme.

• Running system (OS), Computer operating system software that coordinates data
input and output, manages files, and regulates the execution of computer
programmes

• To sum up, an operating system is a piece of software that controls computer

hardware and software resources and offers common services for software
applications.

Following are some examples of Operating Systems:

• 1.Microsoft Windows
It is a series of graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by
Microsoft. The first version of Windows was released in 1985 as a GUI add-on to
MS-DOS. The first version of Windows sold as a standalone operating system was
Windows 95.

• 2.macOS
It is a series of graphical operating systems developed by Apple Inc. It is the successor
to Mac OS X, and it is the operating system that powers Apple’s Mac family of
computers.
• 3.Linux
Linux is built around the Linux kernel and is a free and open-source software OS. It is
one of the most popular operating systems for servers and embedded devices. It is also
used by millions of desktop users around the world.
• 4.Android
It is a mobile OS developed by Google. It is basedon the Linux kernel and designed
primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets.
• 5.iOS
Another example of a mobile OS developed by Apple Inc. iOs is the successor to
iPhone OS. It is an operating system that powers the iPhone, iPad, and iPod Touch
products.

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Computer Department
 Shivajirao.S.Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath
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History of Operating Systems

• The first computer, Z1, was made in 1936 – 1938. Unfortunately, this computer ran
without an operating system.
• Twenty years later, the first-ever operating system was made in 1956.
• In the 1960s, bell labs started working on building UNIX, the first multitasking
operating system.
• In 1977 the apple series came into existence. Apple Dos 3.3 was the first disk
operating system.
• In 1981, Microsoft built the first operating system called DOS by purchasing 86 –
DOS software from a Seattle company.
• The most famous Microsoft windows came into existence in 1985 when MS-DOS
was paired with GUI, a graphics environment.
Functions of Operating System

• Processor Management: An operating system manages the processor’s work

by allocating various jobs to it and ensuring that each process receives enough
time from the processor to function properly.
• Memory Management: An operating system manages the allocation and
deallocation of the memory to various processes and ensures that the other
process does not consume the memory allocated to one process.
• Device Management: There are various input and output devices. An OS
controls the working of these input-output devices. It receives the requests from
these devices, performs a specific task, and communicates back to the
requesting process.
• File Management: An operating system keeps track of information regarding
the creation, deletion, transfer, copy, and storage of files in an organized way.
It also maintains the integrity of the data stored in these files, including the file
directory structure, by protecting against unauthorized access.
• Security: The operating system provides various techniques which assure the
integrity and confidentiality of user data. Following security measures are used
to protect user data:
• Protection against unauthorized access through login.
• Protection against intrusion by keeping Firefall active.
• Protecting the system memory against malicious access.
• Displaying messages related to system vulnerabilities.
• Error Detection: From time to time, the operating system checks the system
for any external threat or malicious software activity. It also checks the
hardware for any type of damage.
• Job Scheduling: In a multitasking OS where multiple programs run
simultaneously, the operating system determines which applications should run
in which order and how time should be allocated to each application.

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Computer Department
 Shivajirao.S.Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath
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2. LITERATURE SURVEY

This section reviews the history and underlying concepts of operating system development, and is
organized as follows:

2.1. Early Operating Systems (1940s)

2.2. Growth of Operating System Concepts (1950s)
2.3. IBM System 360/OS and 370 Operating Systems (1960s, 1970s)
2.4. Concurrency and Parallelism
2.5. Impact of Personal Computers on OS Technology

Discussion is based on information compiled from texts by Tannenbaum, Peterson, and Crowley,
several of which are listed in the Optional Class Materials section of the main Web page for this course.
We begin our historical discussion of operating systems with a perspective on generations of computer
technology and early efforts at OS development in Section 2.1.

Reading Assignments and Exercises

Computer hardware technology has been classified by Tannenbaum [1] into the following generational
categories:

Generation 1: Vacuum Tubes and Plugboards (1945-1955)

Generation 2: Transistors and Batch Systems (1955-1965)

Generation 3: Integrated Circuits and Multiprogramming (1965-1980)

Generation 4: Personal Computers (1980-1990)

To this taxonomy we would also add:

Generation 5: Networks and Distributed OS (1985-present) .

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Computer Department
 Shivajirao.S.Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath
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3. Features

Features of Operating Systems

Here is a list of some important features of operating systems:

1. Provides a platform for running applications

2. Handles memory management and CPU scheduling
3. Provides file system abstraction
4. Provides networking support
5. Provides security features
6. Provides user interface

Components of Operating System

Now to perform the functions mentioned above, the operating system has two components:

• Shell
• Kernel

Shell handles user interactions. It is the outermost layer of the OS and manages the interaction
between user and operating system by:

• Prompting the user to give input

• Interpreting the input for the operating system

Shell provides a way to communicate with the OS by either taking the input from the user or
the shell script. A shell script is a sequence of system commands that are stored in a file.

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Computer Department
 Shivajirao.S.Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath
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What is Kernel?
The kernel is the core component of an operating system for a computer (OS). All other
components of the OS rely on the core to supply them with essential services. It serves as the
primary interface between the OS and the hardware and aids in the control of devices,
networking, file systems, and process and memory management.

KERNEL
Functions of kernel

The kernel is the core component of an operating system which acts as an interface between
applications, and the data is processed at the hardware level.When an OS is loaded into
memory, the kernel is loaded first and remains in memory until the OS is shut down. After that,
the kernel provides and manages the computer resources and allows other programs to run and
use these resources. The kernel also sets up the memory address space for applications, loads
the files with application code into memory, and sets up the execution stack for programs.

The kernel is responsible for performing the following tasks:

• Input-Output management • Memory Management

• Process Management for application execution.
• Device Management
• System calls control

Earlier, all the basic system services like process and memory management, interrupt handling,
etc., were packaged into a single module in the kernel space. This type of kernel was called the
Monolithic Kernel. The problem with this approach was that the whole kernel had to be recompiled
for even a small change.

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Computer Department
 Shivajirao.S.Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath
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Types of Operating System
There are several different types of operating systems present. In this section, we will discuss
the advantages and disadvantages of these types of OS.

• Batch OS
• Distributed OS
• Multitasking OS
• Network OS
• Real-OS
• Mobile OS

Batch OS

Batch OS is the first operating system for second-generation computers. This OS does not directly
interact with the computer. Instead, an operator takes up similar jobs and groups them together into a
batch, and then these batches are executed one by one based on the first-come, first, serve principle.
This type of operating system does not interact with the computer directly. There is an operator which
takes similar jobs having the same requirement and group them into batches. It is the responsibility of
the operator to sort jobs with similar needs.

Multitasking OS
The multitasking OS is also known as the time-sharing operating system as each task is given some
time so that all the tasks work efficiently. This system provides access to a large number of users, and
each user gets the time of CPU as they get in a single system. The tasks performed are given by a single
user or by different users. The time allotted to execute one task is called a quantum, and as soon as the
time to execute one task is completed, the system switches over to another task.

Network OS
Network operating systems are the systems that run on a server and manage all the networking functions.
They allow sharing of various files, applications, printers, security, and other networking functions over
a small network of computers like LAN or any other private network. In the network OS, all the users
are aware of the configurations of every other user within the network, which is why network operating
systems are also known as tightly coupled systems.

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Computer Department
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Advantages of Operating System

There are several advantages of operating systems. We have listed some of them below:

1. Ensuring correct and efficient use of the computer’s hardware.

2. Allowing different applications to run concurrently.
3. Managing files and folders.
4. Providing a user interface.
5. Managing security.
6. Managing resources.
7. Managing printing.
8. Providing a platform for software development.
9.
Disadvantages of Operating System
There are several disadvantages of operating systems. We have listed some of them below:

• They can be complex and difficult to use.

• They can be expensive to purchase and maintain.
• They can be vulnerable to attacks from malicious users.

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Computer Department
 Shivajirao.S.Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath
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REFERENCES

https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-operating-systems/

https://www.educba.com/features-of-operating-system/

http://www.computerhope.com/os.htm

http://computer.howstuffworks.com/operating-system.htm

http://www.bizymoms.com/computers-and-technology/types-of-operating-systems.html

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Computer Department
 Shivajirao.S.Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath
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CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, an operating system is a software that manages computer hardware and software
resources, and to provide public services for computer programs. The operating system is an
important part of the system software in a computer system. Although it is possible to directly
interface software applications and hardware, the vast majority of applications in an operating
system, which allows them to take advantage of the public library, without having to worry
about the specific hardware details written.

Some operating systems were developed in the 1950s, where computers could only execute one
program at a time. The operating systems are very importance to responsible for everything
from the control and allocation of memory to recognizing input from external devices and
transmitting output to computer displays. Later in the decade, computers included many
software programs, sometimes called libraries, which were linked together to create the
beginning of today’s operating systems.

Today’s operating systems tend to have graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that use pointing
devices for input. A mouse is an example of such a pointing device, as is a stylus. Commonly
used the operating systems for IBM-compatible personal computers is include the Microsoft
Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X.

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Shivajirao S. Jondhale Polytechnic, Ambernath (E)

Teacher Evaluation Sheet

Academic Year 2022-2023

Program Title: Depicting Features of Operating System.

Course Title & Code: Report on Depicting Features of Operating System.

Semester: Fifth Semester.

Aims/Benefits of the Micro-Project:

Course Outcomes Achieved:
a) Interpret features of Operating System.

b) To provide users a convenient interface to use the computer system.

c) To act as an intermediary between the hardware and its users, making it easier for
the users to access and use other resources.

d) To manage the resources of a computer system.

Skill Developed / Learning outcomes of this Micro-Project:

• Applications of this Micro- Project: Controls the backing store and peripherals such
as scanners and printers.
• Deals with the transfer of programs in and out of memory.
• Organises the use of memory between programs.
• Organises processing time between programs and users.
• Maintains security and access rights of users.

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Computer Department