Sinfuego, Ara C. - Glossary of Terms

Republic of the Philippines
CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES

Nabua, Camarines Sur
GLOSSARY
OF
TERMS
1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE 1
A 3-4
B 4
C 4-5
D 5
E 5
F 5-6
G 6
H 6
I 6
L 6-7
M 8
N 8
P 8-10
S 10
T 10-11
REFERENCES 12
STUDENT’S NAME 13
INSTRUCTOR 14
2
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
TERM DEFINITION
A
ACCENT („æksent) This is a way of speaking of particular language.
It is the phonetic habits of a person in speaking a
native language or dialect carried over to his/her use
of another language. Is the manner of pronunciation
of a speech variety.
For example: British Accent and American
Accent.
ACOUSTIC PHONETICS (a‟kʊstik fɒ netiks) This is the study of the acoustic characteristics of
speech. This is also the description and analysis of
the physical properties of speech such as the
frequency, intensity and the duration.
AFFIX („afiks) This is a morpheme that is attached to the word

stem to create a new word. An affixes can be
derivational or inflectional. This is a bound
morpheme by the definitions
For example: the affix in, ex, and -ing
AFFRICATE („afrikǝt) A combination of a plosive and a fricative. There

is a pair of voiced and voiceless affricates. For
example, /tʃ/ and /ʤ/.
ALLOGRAPH („alograf) Is a variant form of a written character; <h> and

<H> are allographs.
ALLOMORPH („alɒmɒrf) An allomorph is a phonetic variant of a

morpheme. Is a variant form of a morph. The
variation may be determined by phonological
environment, as with the allomorphs /s/ and /z/ of the
plural morpheme in cats and dogs.
ALVEOLAR RI GE (al vjula rɪʤ) The ridge behind the upper teeth which may, for
example, be the place of articulation of the sound [t].
ALVEOLAR SOUN (al vjula:) This is produced when the tongue articulates
with the alveolar ridge, the area directly in the upper
part of the teeth.
For example, the letters that is in the IPA chart
is the /t/ and /s/.
3
ANTONYMS (antenɪms) A word that means opposite of another word.

Example, beautiful and the antonym of this is ugly.
APPLIED LINGUISTICS (a plɑɪd lɪŋgwɪstɪks) This deals with the understanding of language
related to teaching as well as the complex process of
teaching.
ARTICULATE (a tikjuleɪt) This is the ability of showing and having to

speak fluently and coherently.
ARTICULATION (a:ti kjuleɪshǝn) This refers to the production and enunciation of

speech sounds.
ARTICULATORS (ar tɪkjuleɪtors) In producing vowels and consonant sounds, the

organs of the mouth are involved. Articulators are the
organs of speech, the parts of the body used in
producing speech sounds.
ARTICULATORY PHONETICS (a: tɪkjulatɒrɪ This is how the speech sounds are being
fǝ‟netiks) produced in the vocal tract.
AUDITORY PHONETICS (ɑʊdi‟tɒrɪ fǝ‟netiks) This is the perception of sounds. This is the
branch of phonetics that is concerned with the
hearing speech sound and the speech perception.
AUXILIARY VERB (ɒk sɪljarɪ vԑrb) Is a verb which may accompany a lexical verb.
B
BILABIAL SOUND (baɪ laɪbjal saʊnd) This is part of the place of articulation. Bilabial
is when both of lips comes together. Example, /b/,
/p/, and /m/
BILINGUAL (baɪ lɪŋwal) This is the ability to use two languages equally
and flawlessly.
BIOLINGUISTICS (bjulɪŋ gwɪstɪks) This can be defined as the study of the evolution
of language.
BOUND MORPHEMES ( bɔʊnd mor fɛmɛs) If free morphemes can stand alone by
themselves, bound morphemes are the total opposite
of it. Bound morphemes cannot stand alone and this
is typically attached to another form. This also has
two types, the derivational morphemes and
inflectional morphemes. Prefixes and suffixes are
bound morphemes.
For example, Friend|ly- ly is the bound
morpheme and friend is the free morpheme. From the
noun friend it changed in the adjective friendly.
C
COMMUNICATION (ko mjunɪkeɪʃun) Can help us to express thoughts, ideas, and
information. Can also cover the most of the function
4
of language.
COMPOUND ( kompawnd) A lexeme that is composed of two or more roots.

For example, boathouse.
CONSONANTS ( kɒnsɒnants) This can be combined with vowels to create as

syllable. And this is the basic speech sound in which
the breath is at least partly obstructed. A speech
sound produced with total or substantial obstruction
of the airflow. For example, [p] and [fl.
CONSTRICTION ( kɒnstrɪkʃɒn) This is the act or process of constricting.
CONVERSION (kɒn vɛrʃɒn) The conversion of a word is the process of using

it in a different word class, as when, for example, the
noun table came to be used as a verb as in, for
example, They tabled a different proposal.
D
DERIVATION (dɛraɪ vaɪʃʊn) The development of one lexeme from another
by affixation. For example, the development of
shallowness from shallow
DERIVATIONAL MORPHEME (dɛraɪ vaɪʃʊnal These are the bound morphemes that we use in
mɒr fɛm) making new words that is different in grammatical
category from its stem.
For example, Compete (verb) Competition (n)
Competitive (adj) Competitively (adv). The stem of
the words is compete, it‟s a derivational morpheme
since we changed the original word into something
new.
DESCRIPTIVE LINGUISTICS (dɪskrɪptɪve lɪŋwɪstɪks) This is defined by a purpose- to the students to

learn many rules of syntactic and semantic.
DIALECT ( djalekt) A particular form of a language which is specific

to a region or culture.
DIALECTOLOGY ( djalek tɒlɒgɪ) This is the scientific study of a linguistic-dialect.
DIPTHONGS (dɪp ðɒŋs) This is also called the gliding vowel, a

combination of two adjacent vowels sounds within
the same syllable.
DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ( dɪskours a nalɪsɪs) The study of the dynamics of a conversation.

E
EMOTIVE UTTERANCE (ɛmɒtɪvɛ ʌtɛrans) An expression of emotion. For example, “That‟s
fantastic!”
F
5
FREE MORPHEME ( frɛ mɒrfɛm) Free morphemes are the morphemes that can
stand alone by themselves or can stand alone as
words. It can be lexical morphemes or functional
morphemes.
FRICATIVE SOUND (frɪ katɪvɛ saʊnd) A consonant produced by forcing air through a
narrow channel made by placing two articulators
together. Lower lips against the upper teeth. For
example, /f/.
FUNCTIONAL MORPHEME (fǝŋk ʃʊnal mɒrfɛm) A functional morpheme is also called the
closed class of words. Here, we‟ll encounter the
functional words of the language such as the
conjunctions, preposition, articles, and pronouns.
Example, Might, had, at, and on.
G
GLIDE SOUND ( glaɪdɛ saʊnd) This is a semi vowel; this is similar to the
vowel sounds. For example, /w/ and /j/.
GRAMMAR ( græmɑr) This is concerned with description and analysis

of structures that may be abstracted from stretches of
utterance.
GLOTTAL STOP (glotal stɒp) A sound produced by a complete obstruction

and release of the airflow at the larynx.
H
HISTORICAL LINGUISTICS (hɪstorɪkal lɪŋ gwɪstɪks) This is the study of the language change and
evolution.
I
IDIOLECT (ɪ djulek) The speech variety of a person or an individual.
INFLECTIONS ( ɪn flɛkʃʊns) The modulation and pitch of the voice.
INFLECTIONAL MORPHEME ( Those are the morphemes that are used to

ɪn flɛkʃʊnal mɒrfɛms) indicate aspects of the grammatical; function of a
word. Inflectional Morphemes has its eight (8)
functional inflectional morphemes.
INTERDENTAL SOUND (ɪntɛrdɛntal saʊnd) These are being produced by placing the tip of
the tongue between the upper and lower front teeth.
INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET Is an alphabetic notation or phonetic notation

[IPA] based primarily in Latin script.
INTONATIONS ( ɪntɒnaɪʃʊns) In speaking voice, it is the rising and falling.

Also, this is the variation of speech during utterances.
L
6
LABIODENTAL SOUND (leɪbjudental sɑʊnd) A consonant sound in which the flow of air is
constricted by the upper teeth being held against the
lower lip. For example, [f].
LANGUAGE ( laŋgweɪʤ) Language is a tool of communication for human

being. This is a complex social activity since we are
communicating with other people; we are expressing
our thoughts, emotions, and other things. For an
instance, we will be interacting to other people; we
will be dealing with how they communicate, how
they react, and their culture. Despite the differences,
through language, we will understand them and they
will understand us as well.
LANGUAGE ACQUISITION ( laŋgweɪʤ ækwɪsɑɪʃʊn) This is the ability to be aware of language. The
ability to comprehend and understand and perceive
language.
LANGUAGE COMPETENCE (laŋgweɪʤ kompԑtԑns) Is the ability of native speakers to create and
understanding grammatical sentences, to detect
deviant and ungrammatical sentences, and to make
other linguistic judgments about utterance in their
language.
LANGUAGE PERFORMANCE (laŋgweɪʤ The active utterances produced by speakers of a

pԑrformans) language.
LEXEME (lɛksɛm) The fundamental unit of lexicon of language. This

consists of one word or more, that is considered an
abstract unit.
LEXICAL MORPHEMES (lɛksɪkɑl mɒrfɛms) A lexical morpheme is what we call the open class
of words. And this is the set of ordinary nouns,
adjective, and verbs.
LEXICOGRAPHERS ( lɛksɪkɒgrafɛrs) A person who compiles dictionaries.
LEXICOGRAPHY (lԑksikɒgrafɪ) This is the study of lexicons. This has two

separate disciplines. Practical Lexicography and
Theoritical Lexicography.
LINGUISTIC (lɪŋwɪstɪk) The scientific study of human language. This

involves a diverse, organized, objective, and accurate
analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its
nature and structure. Here, we‟ll enter the traditional
areas of linguistic analysis, biolinguistics and
psycholinguistics, the branches, and subfields, and
the applied linguistics that seeks to utilize the
scientific findings of the study of language such as
developing methods of improving language
education.
LINGUISTS ( lɪŋwɪsts) A linguist is a person that is skilled in foreign

languages. And this is the person who studies the
7
linguistics.
M
MANNER OF ARTICULATION (manԑr ɒf A consonant is the way in which the flow of air
a tɪkjulɑɪʃʊn) is constricted in its production.
MONOLINGUAL (mɒnɒlɪŋwal) This is a person who only speaks one language.
MORPH (mɒrf) The form in which a morpheme is realized;

thus, for example, the segment is a morph of the
plural morpheme in English.
MORPHEMES (mɒrfԑms) A minimal unit that is of grammatical or

semantic significance. A morpheme that can stand by
itself is a free morpheme; a morpheme that cannot
stand by itself is a bound morpheme. For example,
the stem word of the free morpheme is boy, if we will
add the bound morphemes -s, it will be boys.
MORPHOLOGY (mɒrfɒlɒgɪ) Deals with combining the smallest units of

meaning into words. Thus, morphology is study of
the composition of words.
N
NASAL SOUND (neɪsal sɑʊnd) The speech sound in which the airstream passes
through the nose. For example, /m/, /n/ and /ŋ)
P
PERFORMATIVE UTTERANCE (perfɒrmatɪvԑ The kind of utterance when a person is doing
ǝtԑrans) something, but not only saying it. An utterance which
is itself an act. For example, I declare this bridge
open.
PHONEMES (fɒnԑms) A phoneme is the smallest of regularly used

sounds the vowels and the consonants. It is also the
smallest contrastive unit in the sound system of
language. A phoneme is also a sound or group of
sounds that is functionally distinctive in the language
system. Lastly, this also the units of sounds which
can be analyzed also known as segments. For
example, one of the 44 phonemes is /ng/ as in the
ending of the word sing. Next is /b/ as in banana.
PHONEMIC ALPHABET (fɒnԑmɪk alfabet) An alphabet in which there is a one-to-one

correspondence between speech sounds and the
characters that represents them.
PHONEMIC SYMBOLS (fɒnԑmɪk sɪmbols) These symbols are for one of two purposes,
one is for the symbols for the Phonemes, and second
is for the phonetic symbols. In this, phonetic symbols
8
must be exactly the same as the numbers of

phonemes we decide exist in the language. Phonetic
symbols also allow people to go out with that they
have seen. For example [æ] corresponds with the
phoneme /a/, another example is [ʃ] corresponds with
the phoneme /sh/, and lastly the [tʃ] corresponds with
the phoneme /ch/.
PHONETICS (fɒnԑtɪks) Like with Phonology, phonetics is also one

of the fields in studying the pronunciation. Then,
phonetics is also the study of human speech sounds.
The field in phonetics is traditionally divided into
three sub-disciplines; first is the articulatory
phonetics, second is the acoustic phonetics, and
lastly, the auditory phonetics. Conventionally,
phonetics has the minimal linguistic unit, it is the
phone. Phone is a speech sound in a language which
contradicts from the phonological unit of phonemes.
This also deals with two aspects of human speech,
first is the production, and last is the perception.
Lastly, if phonology deals with the sound system of
language, phonetics deals with the physical
realisation of the element of sound system
PHONOLOGY (fɒnɒlɒgɪ) In studying pronunciation, phonology is one

of its fields. Phonology is also how the speech sounds
are organized and how it affects one another in
pronunciation. This is also a branch of linguistics that
studies how languages or dialects systematically
organize their sounds or also for sign languages. In
addition, phonology also studies the vowels,
consonants, and suprasegmental features of the
languages which are the stress and the intonations.
Also, the vowels and consonants that are referring
within the discipline of phonology aren‟t the usual or
to how we spell, thus, it is referring to the different
sounds we make when speaking. Lastly, phonology
deals with the sound system of language. For
example, the word Eight and Butter, these words
have both letter “t” but they are different in
pronunciation because of the surrounding letters
around them.
PLACE OF ARTICULATION (plaɪs ɒf a:tkjuleɪʃʊn) The point of contact where an obstruction

occurs in the vocal tract between an articulatory
gesture, an active articulator, and a passive location.
And this is where the constriction of airflow takes
place.
PRAGMATICS (pragmatɪks) The study of how context contributes to

meaning. The field of study evaluates how human
language is utilized in social interactions, as well as
the relationship between the interpreter and the
interpreted.
9
PSYCHOLINGUISTICS (sɑɪkolɪŋwɪstɪks) Deals with the study patterns of language and

development across a wide range, where it focuses on
such matters on how they learn a language and how
they formulate the average sentence length at various
ages.
S
SEGMENTS (sԑgmԑnts) We produce a constant or continuous stream of
sounds. And in studying speech, if we divide this
stream into tiny little pieces, it will be called
segments. Thus, it is the division of speech into
segments. Also, a phoneme is also called segments.
Lastly, segments are also called discrete.
SEMANTICS (sԑmantɪks) This is the relationship between word and the

real world. This might be described as the study of
meaning.
SEMANTIC RANGE (sԑmantɪk reɪnʤ) The set of objects or concepts that that lexeme
denotes.
SENTENCES (sԑntԑnsԑs) This is a set of words that is complete by itself.

Sentence is containing subject, verb, and predicate.
Conveying a statement, question, exclamation, or
command.
For example, Mr. Nachor is a noble teacher.
SOCIOLINGUISTICS (sɒsjulɪŋwɪstɪks) The study of the relationship between language

and society.
STOP SOUND (stʊp sɑʊnd) A consonant that is produced by completely

obstructing the flow of air, e.g. [p], [t]. Also called a
plosive as the flow is then released in a burst
SUFFEXIS (sɑfɪksɪs) A bound morph affixed behind a root. For

example, –er in painter.
SUPRASEGMENTAL (suprɑsԑgmԑntɑl) This is the features of speech that generally

apply to groups of segments or phonemes. The
suprasegmental features are intonation and stress.
And the next is the word stress and the sentence
stress. This is also called the prosodic feature; it says
that in phonetics, a speech feature such as the stress.
Tone, word juncture that goes along with or is added
over consonants and vowels; these features are not
limited to single sounds but often extend over
syllables, words, or phrases
T
TAP SOUND (tɑp sɑʊnd) This is produced with a single contraction of
the muscles so that one articulator is thrown against
another.
10
TRANSCRIPTION (trɑnskrɪpʃʊn) This is the systematic representation of a

spoken language into a written form.
TRANSFORMATIONAL RULES (trasformeɪʃʊnal The rules for converting one syntactic

rʊls) structure into another. For example, for converting
the statement He works here into the question Does
he work here?
11
REFERENCES
Britannica, T. E. (n.d.). Affricate.
Stevens, K. (1998). Acoustic Phonetics. Cambridge: MA: MIT Press.
Teresita G. Caret, D., Aida S. Villanueva, P., Mercedes S. Mangosong, M., Tessie A. Ramirez,
M., Heidei P. Albano, M., Rosana D. Lucero, M., et al. (2010). English. Manila: Centro
Escolar University.
Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2016, November 8). Affricate. Encyclopedia Britannica.

https://www.britannica.com/topic/affricate
Rosales, R.d. (2015). Introduction to Linguistics. Jimcyville Publications.
Underhill, J. (2008). English Dictionary. Harmony Publishing House.
Cambridge Dictionary, Cambridge University Press
Poole, S.C. (1999). An Introduction to Linguistics. New York City:PALGRAVE
Norquist, R. (2019). Lexeme (words) Definition, Etymology and Examples
Wikipedia
Transcription (linguistics) - Wikipedia
Affix - Wikipedia
Pragmatics - Wikipedia
Lexicography - Wikipedia
Merriam Webster; 1988
12
SUBMITTED BY:
SINFUEGO, ARA C.
AB ENGLISH 1A
13
SUBMITTED TO:
MR. HERBERT N. NACHOR, MAEd.
INSTRUCTOR
14

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Republic of the Philippines

CAMARINES SUR POLYTECHNIC COLLEGES

AFFIX („afiks) This is a morpheme that is attached to the word

AFFRICATE („afrikǝt) A combination of a plosive and a fricative. There

ALLOGRAPH („alograf) Is a variant form of a written character; <h> and

ALLOMORPH („alɒmɒrf) An allomorph is a phonetic variant of a

ANTONYMS (antenɪms) A word that means opposite of another word.

ARTICULATE (a tikjuleɪt) This is the ability of showing and having to

ARTICULATION (a:ti kjuleɪshǝn) This refers to the production and enunciation of

ARTICULATORS (ar tɪkjuleɪtors) In producing vowels and consonant sounds, the

COMPOUND ( kompawnd) A lexeme that is composed of two or more roots.

CONSONANTS ( kɒnsɒnants) This can be combined with vowels to create as

CONSTRICTION ( kɒnstrɪkʃɒn) This is the act or process of constricting.

CONVERSION (kɒn vɛrʃɒn) The conversion of a word is the process of using

DESCRIPTIVE LINGUISTICS (dɪskrɪptɪve lɪŋwɪstɪks) This is defined by a purpose- to the students to

DIALECT ( djalekt) A particular form of a language which is specific

DIALECTOLOGY ( djalek tɒlɒgɪ) This is the scientific study of a linguistic-dialect.

DIPTHONGS (dɪp ðɒŋs) This is also called the gliding vowel, a

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ( dɪskours a nalɪsɪs) The study of the dynamics of a conversation.

GRAMMAR ( græmɑr) This is concerned with description and analysis

GLOTTAL STOP (glotal stɒp) A sound produced by a complete obstruction

INFLECTIONS ( ɪn flɛkʃʊns) The modulation and pitch of the voice.

INFLECTIONAL MORPHEME ( Those are the morphemes that are used to

INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET Is an alphabetic notation or phonetic notation

INTONATIONS ( ɪntɒnaɪʃʊns) In speaking voice, it is the rising and falling.

LANGUAGE ( laŋgweɪʤ) Language is a tool of communication for human

LANGUAGE PERFORMANCE (laŋgweɪʤ The active utterances produced by speakers of a

LEXEME (lɛksɛm) The fundamental unit of lexicon of language. This

LEXICOGRAPHERS ( lɛksɪkɒgrafɛrs) A person who compiles dictionaries.

LEXICOGRAPHY (lԑksikɒgrafɪ) This is the study of lexicons. This has two

LINGUISTIC (lɪŋwɪstɪk) The scientific study of human language. This

LINGUISTS ( lɪŋwɪsts) A linguist is a person that is skilled in foreign

MONOLINGUAL (mɒnɒlɪŋwal) This is a person who only speaks one language.

MORPH (mɒrf) The form in which a morpheme is realized;

MORPHEMES (mɒrfԑms) A minimal unit that is of grammatical or

MORPHOLOGY (mɒrfɒlɒgɪ) Deals with combining the smallest units of

PHONEMES (fɒnԑms) A phoneme is the smallest of regularly used

PHONEMIC ALPHABET (fɒnԑmɪk alfabet) An alphabet in which there is a one-to-one

must be exactly the same as the numbers of

PHONETICS (fɒnԑtɪks) Like with Phonology, phonetics is also one

PHONOLOGY (fɒnɒlɒgɪ) In studying pronunciation, phonology is one

PLACE OF ARTICULATION (plaɪs ɒf a:tkjuleɪʃʊn) The point of contact where an obstruction

PRAGMATICS (pragmatɪks) The study of how context contributes to

PSYCHOLINGUISTICS (sɑɪkolɪŋwɪstɪks) Deals with the study patterns of language and

SEMANTICS (sԑmantɪks) This is the relationship between word and the

SENTENCES (sԑntԑnsԑs) This is a set of words that is complete by itself.

SOCIOLINGUISTICS (sɒsjulɪŋwɪstɪks) The study of the relationship between language

STOP SOUND (stʊp sɑʊnd) A consonant that is produced by completely

SUFFEXIS (sɑfɪksɪs) A bound morph affixed behind a root. For

SUPRASEGMENTAL (suprɑsԑgmԑntɑl) This is the features of speech that generally

TRANSCRIPTION (trɑnskrɪpʃʊn) This is the systematic representation of a

TRANSFORMATIONAL RULES (trasformeɪʃʊnal The rules for converting one syntactic

Britannica, T. E. (n.d.). Affricate.

Stevens, K. (1998). Acoustic Phonetics. Cambridge: MA: MIT Press.

Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2016, November 8). Affricate. Encyclopedia Britannica.

Rosales, R.d. (2015). Introduction to Linguistics. Jimcyville Publications.

Underhill, J. (2008). English Dictionary. Harmony Publishing House.

Cambridge Dictionary, Cambridge University Press

Poole, S.C. (1999). An Introduction to Linguistics. New York City:PALGRAVE

Norquist, R. (2019). Lexeme (words) Definition, Etymology and Examples

Transcription (linguistics) - Wikipedia

Merriam Webster; 1988