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  • Unit - XB - Reciprocating Compressor

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    Ralph Laurence C. Odal
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    UNIT_XB_RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR (1)

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    13 views10 pages

    Unit - XB - Reciprocating Compressor

    Uploaded by

    Ralph Laurence C. Odal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    of 10
    AIR OR GAS COMPRESSORS Comoressor's a machine use¢ to compressed aor gasto a firal pressure exceeting 24125 KPa gage ‘TYPES OF COMPRESSORS * Centrifugal Compressors For low pressure and high capacity application Rotary Compressors - Fot medium pressureand low capacity application +. Reaprocaing Compress -Forhgn pressure and ow capacty appcaton USES OF CONPRESSED AIR ‘Operation of alienines Preumat ook Aihoists Industrial clearing by air blast Treinfaton Pat Saying Ai ting of igus Marulactue o pests and oher industal pode To supply ain mee tnnole Other pacalaed dural applications ANALYSIS OF CENTRIFUGAL AND ROTARY TYPE w ‘Assuming: AKE = 0, ard APE=0 h + AKE + APE + W (Sieacy state steady flow equation) an+W For a compressor, work is done onthe system; thus -W=ah- Q; Let-W = W (compressor work) 4) Isantrope Compression (PV*=C) P Forlsentopi compression’ Q= 0 An; W= dv mes(T=T) ke nt, /0,)% we aH) 4) aw 1 |lP, a0 P\y= mT PL. and T relationship \s tt 3 (al * 1% we Ww im-mass fow rate ofthe asin Iaisec W- workin KW. P- pressure h KPa T-temmperature ink R-gas constantin Kg k V- volume flew rte n me £8) Poltopi Compression (PV =C) P Ah= 0; W= Ive é vn Pav emt HE - Head ena (E- Grankend L length of stoke, m \Vp-Displacement vole, msec D- diameter of bre, m diameter ofpiston rod, m 1) For tentopic Comeressn and RE-eypansion press (PV= is emoved fem to gas. Weah Wave Wemesh-T) By] a=0 PV. mkt PA and T relationship a (Ry% “y T AR ¥2) here: Vp elume flow ate measure atinak, 80 s-massfow ate coresponin V, Seo 8) For Fotytop Compression ad Re-expansioa process (PV"= ), same aout ofheats removed ramthe gas ah-0; W= Ve ane mets -1) a) ©) For sothemal compression and re-exparsion process (PV = Can amount ol heat equivalent to the compresson works rerroved from the as. Wea 2, Weeyane B PaveemRTs PERCENT CLEARANCE jearance Volume Displacement Volume e- 2 x 1008 For compressor design, values of percent clearance C renges from 3t010%, Vie Ci here: Vs ~Clearance volume ume flowrate at intake x 100% Displacement Volume tw ¥, ny = e1008 % A) For: ‘kentopic Cameression| (P= C) : | +=-f8)"]s sin £8) For Poiytopic Comgression (PY*=C) f=) ) Fo sothermal Compression (FV =C) 4) For singe acing Vp aLD®Nn! msec 4(60) £8) For Doute acting wthout cansderng he volume of piston rod Vox 2aLD'Nn! msec 460) (0) Foe Doutle scting considering volume of piston rat Vo-sLNnI2D2- di] msec 4(60) where: L- eng of stoke. m D- dameterof bore, m 4¢- dameter of piston ed, =. of cytncers ACTUAL VOLUMETRIC EFFICIENCY “ex 1008 ¥, a, ‘actual yolume of air or gas drawn in EAN EFFECTIVE PRESSURE 2, 2 kPa Win 6, Ki, KV Vpin i, nh, msec PISTON SPEED, PS=2UN mimin PS= 2N misec @ EFFICIENCY |) CONPRESSION EFFICIENCY No = _Ideal Wok _ x 100% Traiated Work 1) MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY "ie Indicated Work. x 100% Brake Work C) COMPRESSOR EFFICIENCY ne=ne= nm = deal Work, 100% Brake work nui 1 ‘Mut staging is simoly he compression of airor gas in to or mare cylnders in pace ofa singe cylinder compass. tis sec in ecprocatna comeressors when pressure of 300 KPa and above are dasie, in erder to + Save power + Limit the ges dscharg temperature + Limtine pressure dierertal percyinder + Prereni vaporization cf ubricating oland to preventitsignion ifthe temperature becomes too igh, ‘or gos between slages of compression i an intercooler, and itis is itis common practice for mult staging to coo the coolng hat affects considerable saving in power, £4) 2- Stage Compression witout pressure op in the intercooler ary For an iaal multistage compression, wth perfec intar-coling and mirimum work the cyinder were propery designed so that: * the work ateach stage are equal the arin the iierooker is coced back tthe inital trmperature + no pressure drop occur in te irercooker + me pressure at each stage are equal W=We, Ty=Tos whore: Ny - work ef he LP cinder (it stag) Wa- work ofthe HP cinder (2nd stage) P= ideal ntercoder pressure, ostinum pressure ‘Assuming poiytops compression and expansion processes Phe ideal intercooler pressure or opium pressure Wor 1st Stage net, W,= a 4] KW ? ; Wor 2nd Sage: amet, |, | 1) Kw mt {LP fy pertming an energy baarce one ter coer ‘= mor“) 1.8 Digan £8) 2 staye compressor with pressure crop in Ne intrcacler For? sage compression with pressure cop in the interoooer, Pr Pa.Tne ai inte inierecoker may or may rot te coles te the nial perature, and te workat each stege may ‘The total werk Wis WE + We ‘The pressure, Pa +P, but the 1st stage may compress he air or gas tothe opimum intercooler pressure P, but a ressure crop wl occur inthe inte-coole, Heat Rejectod inthe intercooler ‘Q.= mos(Ts-T2) . Three-Stage compressor wihout pressure drop inthe intercooler 1st age 2x sog0 sasige Considering Polrepic compressin and expansion processes and wih perfect intr-nolng: Wiork of tst stage clrder Work of the Srdstage olinier. ames, |(, at |l®, For perfect inter cooing Whe Wa = Wp Tehet (Ideal? intercodtr pressure) (seat HP Intercooler pressure) By expressing Py and, inteoms of Pi & Pe P= 4h, oe ‘The otal compressor workis equal to: WEWi+ W405 For mutistage compression wih misinum wok and periectiner-

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