ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

•Endocrine system helps to

regulation and coordination of body
activities .
•The endocrine system and nervous
system work together.
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 GLANDS
• Glands are organs specialized for
secretion of substances needed by the
organisms.
• Some glands secrete their secretions
into some organs by ducts that called
EXOCRINE GLANDS.
• Other glands release their secretion
directly into the bloodstream that
called ENDOCRINE GLANDS.
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 HORMONES
• The secretion of endocrine glands is
called hormone.
• Hormone is a type of chemical
substance which carry information
from a part of body to another.

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• Each type of hormone effects only
some specific tissues which are
called “target tissue”.

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The processes in the body that are
regulated by hormones include:

1. Overall metabolism
2. Maintenance of homeostasis
3. Growth
4. Reproduction

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 Types of hormones
1.Protein-Type Hormones consist of
chain of amino acids or related
compounds.
2.Steroid Hormones are lipid like,
carbon ring compounds that are
chemically similar to cholesterol and
bile.
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 ENDOCRINE GLANDS IN
HUMAN
The endocrine system consists of
• HYPOTHALAMUS
• PITUITARY GLAND
• THYROID GLAND
• PARATHYROID GLAND
• PANCREAS
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 • OVARIES
• TESTES
• THYMUS
• EPIPHYSIS
• ADRENAL
• INTESTINAL
• GASTRIC GLANDS
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 HYPOTHALAMUS

It controls the pituitary gland and

secretes hormones simultaneously.
Its functions include;
•The regulation of body heat an
blood pressure
•The regulation of water in the blood
and formation of a regular sleeping
pattern.
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 PITUITARY GLAND

1.Tropic Hormones
2.Growth Hormone
3.MSH (Melanin Stimulating Hormone)
4.ADH (Antidiuretic Hormone)
5.Oxytocin

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 GROWTH HORMONE

• A deficiency in this hormone will

result in a condition known as
DWARFISM.
• An excess amount of this hormone
causes an abnormal increase in the
length. This condition is known as
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 3. THYROID GLAND

• Thyroxine is a hormone with a high

iodine and peptide content.

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•Parathormone is produced in this
gland.
•It regulates the amount of calcium
and phosphate in the blood.
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•The amount of Ca is necessary for
the normal functioning of muscles,
heart, skeleton and nerves .
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 5. PANCREAS

• The pancreas contains both

endocrine and exocrine glands are
known as paracrine glands.
• Insulin and glucagon are produced
by pancreas.

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• Insulin regulates concentration of
glucose in blood. Glucose is passed
to liver from blood by means of
insulin.
• A lack of insulin is known as
diabetes mellitus.
• Glucose is passed to blood from
liver by means of glucagon.
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•The human body has two adrenal glands on
top of the kidneys. It produce these hormones
•Aldosterone
•Testosterone
•Epinephrine
•Norepinephrine
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 ADRENAL GLAND

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Estrogen: Estrogen is secreted by
ovary. Its action results in
thickening of the uterine lining due
to an increase in mitotic division.
It also effects female secondary
sexual characteristics
Progesterone:
It is secreted by ovary. It effects the
development of the mammary glands.
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 TESTES
• Testosterone functions with LH and
FSH to stimulate the production of
sperm.
• It is involved in growth and
maintenance of male sex organs and
sexual behavior.
• Testosterone also effect male
secondary sexual characteristics.
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• The thymus is a lymhoid organ.
• It involves in the immune system
during prenatal and postnotol periods
by stimulating lyphocyte production
by its hormones.

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