STANDARD

RADIOGRAPHIC
TECHNIQUE CHART

INSTRUCTOR: MR. JOSEPH ISRAEL J. TUBALLES, RRT

IT HAS BEEN OBSERVED THAT EACH X-RAY/
RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIST HAS A SET OF
FAVORITE TECHNIQUES.
THIS RESULTS IN THE PRODUCTION OF RADIOGRAPHS THAT ARE
CONSISTENT IN QUALITY ONLY IF DONE BY THE SAME PERSON.

IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN CONSISTENT QUALITY RADIOGRAPHS,

REGARDLESS OF WHICH X-RAY OR RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGIST
PERFORMS THE X-RAY EXAMINATION,

IT IS NECESSARY TO DEVELOP A STANDARD RADIOGRAPHIC

TECHNIQUE CHART FOR EACH X-RAY MACHINE.

THIS CHART MUST BE DISPLAYED ON THE X-RAY MACHINE AND

MUST BE FOLLOWED BY ALL TECHNOLOGISTS.
THE SETTING OF STANDARD RADIOGRAPHIC CHARTS IS THE
RENSPOSIBILITY OF THE XRAY/ RADIOLOGIC
TECHNOLOGIST BUT THIS SHOULD BE BASED ON A
STANDARD OF IMAGE QUALITY APPROVED BY THE
RADIOLOGIST.

HOWEVER, IT MUST BE EMPHASIZED THAT STANDARD

RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES SHOWN IN THE TECHNIQUE
CHART YIELD GOOD QUALITY RADIOGRAPHS ONLY IF THE
X-RAY MACHINE IS PROPERLY CALIBRATED AND IF THE
PROCESSING OF THE X-RAY FILMS IS ALSO STANDARDIZED,.
kVp = THICKNESS X 2 + CONSTANT (MEASURED BY CALIPER)

CONSTANT - DEPENDS ON THE X-RAY MACHINES AND CHOICE

OF THE RADIOLOGIST.

mAs = mA X TIME

kVp = QUALITY

mAs = QUANTITY
MILLIAMPERE (mA)
mA IS A UNIT OF CHARGE
REPRESENTS THE CURRENT FLOW THROUGH THE
CATHODE FILAMENT AT THE TIME OF EXPOSURE.
AN INCREASE IN MILLIAMPERE WILL INCREASE THE
NUMBER OF X-RAY PHOTON IN THE PRIMARY BEAM.
AN INCREASE OR DECREASE IN mA IS REPRESENTED BY
QUANTITATIVE FACTOR.
THEREFORE: IT IS IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND THAT
AN INCREASE IN mA DOES NOT AFFECT THE ENERGY OF
PHOTONS PRODUCED AT THE TARGET.
THE PURPOSE OF INCREASING mA IS TO INCREASE THE
NUMBER OF ELECTRONS AVAILABLE TO TRAVEL FROM
CATHODE TO ANODE, PRODUCING MORE PHOTONS.
TIME
EXPOSURE TIME IS THE FACTOR THAT CONTROLS THE
LENGTH OF THE EXPOSURE.
IT IS ALSO QUANTITATIVE FACTOR THAT, WHEN
COMBINED WITH mA, DETERMINES THE EXPOSURE RATE

Milliampere (mA) X TIME (s) = Milliampereseconds

mA X s = mAs

EXAMPLE:
mA = 50, time= 1/10 sec.
50 x 1/10 = 5 mas
THE mA AND TIME RELATIONSHIP IS INVERSELY
PROPORTIONAL
BECAUSE mAs IS CONSIDERED AS ONE VALUE IN THE
SELECTION OF EXPOSURE FACTORS, THE TWO FACTORS
RELATE TO ONE ANOTHER INVERSELY.
THIS MEANS THAT AN INCREASE IN mA REQUIRES A
DECREASE IN THE EXPOSURE TIME.
THIS WOULD BE NECESSARY TO MAINTAIN THE SAME
EXPOSURE VALUE AND ESSENTIALLY THE SAME
AMOUNT OF BLACKENING THE FILM.
THE mAs CONTROLS THE OPTICAL DENSITY OF THE IMAGE.
KILOVOLTAGE PEAK (kVp)

PRIMARILY CONTROLS THE CONTRAST

SECONDARY FACTORS THAT CONTROLS DENSITY.
kVp CONTROLS THE PENETRATING ABILITY OF THE
X-RAY BEAM
AN INCREASE IN kVp WILL PROPORTIONATELY
INCREASE THE PENETRATING ABILITY OF THE X-RAY
BEAM
WHEN KVP IS INCREASED, MORE SCATTER RADIATION IS
PRODUCED, WICH ADDS DENSITY ON THE FILM
SCATTER WILL ALSO PRODUCE MORE FOG ACROOS THE
FILM
 X-RAY PHOTON BEAM ATTENUATION IS INFLUENCED BY

TISSUE TYPE
SUBJECT THICKNESS
PHOTON QUALITY

DISADVANTAGES OF USING LOW KV TECHNICAL FACTORS INCLUDE

INSUFFICIENT PENETRATION
INCREASED PATIENT DOSE
DIMINISHED LATITUDE
END OF DISCUSSION

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