Review Innovations CE Review for Nov 2022 – Theory

1
SLOPE AND DEFLECTION OF BEAMS AREA-MOMENT METHOD
Theorems of Moment-Area Method
Elastic Curve Neutral Axis Theorem 1: The change in slope between tangents drawn
to the elastic curve at any two points A and B is equal to
the product 1/EI multiplied by the area of the moment
B
A
C C B diagram between these
 1two points.
(Area)
tC/A AB tB/A AB AB
A t EI
RA C/B RB
tA/B

A B A B

AB (+) tB/A (+)

xC
L AB (-) tB/A (-)

Rotation at A A B
A B

y 'A = A = tB/A t  C Theorem 2: The deviation at any point B relative to a

= C/A tangent drawn to the elastic curve at any other point A, in
L xC direction perpendicular to the original position of the
Rotation at B beam, is equal to the product of 1/EI multiplied by the
moment of area about B of that part of the moment
y 'B = B = tA/B t  C diagram between points A & B.
= C /B
L L  xC
t 1 (Area) x
B/A ABB
E
I
DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD
From flexure From Calculus, SUPERPOSITION METHOD
1 M 1 y"  Concentrated load at the midspan of simple beam.

 EI   [1  (y ')2 ]3/2
y P
For beams, y’ is very small and (y’)2  0 L/2 L/2
M y" L R
x

  R1
3/2
EI L R2

Hence,
1
EI y "  M Maximum Moment: M = PL
Note: 4
EI y ' 
 M dx  y’ = slope of 2

beam y = beam Slope at end: L = R = PL

16EI
C1
EI y 
(M dx) dx  C x  C 1 2 Maximum deflection:  = PL3
48EI

 Uniform load over the entire span of simple beam.

MOMENT DIAGRAM BY PARTS
A method of dividing moment diagrams into parts whose y
areas and centroids are known. wo

Basic Principles
x
1. The resultant bending moment at any section caused by L R

any load system is the algebraic sum of the bending R1
moments at that section caused by each load acting L R

separately.
2. The moment effect of any single specified loading is Maximum Moment: M =
woL2
always some variation of the general equation y = kxn. 8
woL3
x Slope at end: L = R =
x 24EI
w
M = -Mo 5woL4
L M = -wx2/2 Maximum deflection:  =
Mo L 384EI
b=L
b=L
h = -Mo
h = -wL2/2
1 2
Area = bh x = b/2
Area = bh/3 x = L/4
Px x
w
M = -Px M = -wx3/6L
L L
b=L b=L
h = -PL h = -wL2/6
1 3
Area = bh/2 x = L/3 Area = bh/4 x = L/5
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 Review Innovations CE Review for Nov 2022 – Theory
1
EXAMPLES Situation 5. For the beam loaded and supported as shown,
Situation 1. A 6 m simply supported beam is loaded with a
determine:
12 kNm concentrated moment placed 2m from the left 14. the rotation at the left support.
support and a concentrated load of 24 kN located 2m 15. the deflection at midspan
from the right support. The flexural rigidity of the beam
is EI. 600 N/m
1. Calculate the slope of the tangent at the left support.
2. Determine the rotation at the right support.
3. Find the deflection at the point of application of
concentrated moment. 1m 3m 2m
4. What is the maximum deflection of the beam? R1 R2

Situation 2. A cantilever beam ABC is fixed at A. Segment

Situation 5. A spring support is provided at the middle of a
AB is 2 m long and BC is 3 m long. Segment BC is
6 m simple beam carrying a load of 24 kN/m. The
loaded with a triangular load ranging from 0 at B to 40
flexural rigidity EI is 24 × 109 kNmm2 and the
kN/m at C.
spring constant k is 28 kN/mm.
5. Calculate the maximum slope of the beam.
16. Determine the reaction of the spring.
6. Compute the maximum deflection.
17. Determine the shortening of the spring.
18. Determine the maximum moment in the beam.
Situation 3. A simple beam of length L is loaded with two
concentrated load P’s positioned at third points of the
Situation 6. A 4-m simple has a modulus of elasticity E of
beam. Determine:
100,000 MPa and a moment of inertia is 4 × 106 mm4. If
7. The expression of maximum slope.
a 600 N weight is dropped from a height of 360 mm
8. The expression of maximum deflection.
above the center of the beam,
19. determine the maximum deflection of the beam.
Situation 4. A spring support is provided at the middle of
20. determine the maximum bending stress in the beam if
a 6-meter simple beam carrying a load of 32 kN/m. The
the beam is 100 mm thick.
flexural rigidity EI is 24  109 kNmm2 and the
spring constant k is 28 kN/mm. Determine:
Situation 7. A beam AB of length L is fixed at A. The free
9. the reaction of the spring.
end B is pushed downward by a force P while the same
10. the deflection at midspan.
end B is being prevented from rotating by a moment M.
The flexural rigidity of the beam is EI.
21. Determine the force P that must be applied to produce a
FOR PRACTICE
unit downward deflection at B.
Situation 1. A propped cantilever beam has a span L and
22. Determine the moment M that prevented the free end B
carries a uniform load w throughout the span.
from rotating.
1. Find the reaction at the simply supported end.
23. Determine the moment induced at A.
2. Find the rotation at the simply supported end.
3. Calculate the moment at the fixed end.
Situation 8. A propped cantilever beam having a span of
Situation 2. A 6-m simply supported beam is loaded with a
20 m carries a triangular load which varies from 10
20 kN concentrated load placed 3.6 m from the left
kN/m at the fixed end to zero at the other support.
support. Determine:
24. Determine the reaction at the simply supported end.
4. The slope of the tangent to the left support.
25. Find the distance of the point of maximum deflection
5. The rotation at the right support.
from the simply supported end.
6. The deflection under the load.
26. Find the maximum deflection.
7. The maximum deflection of the beam.

Situation 3. A restrained beam 6 m long is loaded with

10.8 kN/m over the distance of 4 m starting from the
left end.
8. Calculate the vertical reaction at the right end.
9. Determine the moment at the right support.
10. Determine the moment at the left support.

Situation 4. A cantilever beam of length L is propped at

the free end. If flexural rigidity is EI, determine:
11. The moment M required at the propped end to produce
a unit rotation at that end.
12. The moment induced at the fixed end.
13. The reaction at the propped support.

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 (02) 8735-9161 0919-227-9194  (082) 221-
1121 0930-256-0998