NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SAN MARTIN

FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND HUMANITIES

PROFESSIONAL LANGUAGE SCHOOL

HISTORY OF ENGLAND AND

THE UNITED STATES
STUDENTS:
- MUÑOZ VILLEGAS, Jossie Alexandra TOPIC:
- TORRES TORO, Sadith
TEACHER: - THE LANCASTRIANS AND THE YORKIST,
- LIC. MAG. CARLO ESPINOZA THE WARS OF THE ROSES
CYCLE: ACADEMIC SEMESTER:
- V - 2022-II
 THE
LANCASTRIANS
AND THE YORKIST
Who were the lancastrians?
The House of Lancaster was an English royal
dynasty and a cadet branch of the royal House of
Plantagenet. The first house was created when
King Henry III of England created the Earldom
of Lancaster for his second son Edmund
Crouchback in 1267.

The second house of Lancaster was descended from

John of Gaunt. Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke
of Lancaster, had no male heir so Edward married
his son John to Henry's heiress daughter and
John's third cousin Blanche of Lancaster. This
gave John the vast wealth of the House of
Lancaster. The family provided England with three
kings: Henry IV (1399–1413), Henry V (1413–
1422), and Henry VI (1422–1461 and 1470–1471).
 Who were the lancastrians?

End of the dynasty Lancaster badges

The house became extinct in the male line The Red Rose of Lancaster derives from
upon the death in the Tower of London of the gold rose badge of Edward I of
Henry VI, following the battlefield execution England.
of his son Edward of Westminster, Prince of
Wales, by supporters of the House of York in
1471.

Religion
The Lancastrians were both pious and well
read. Henry IV was the first English king
known to have possessed a vernacular Bible
and supported the canonization of John
Twenge. However, his reliance on the church
was both personal and political.
FAMILY TREE FAMILY TREE

FAMILY TREE FAMILY TREE

Who were the Yorkist?
The House of York was the youngest branch of the
house of Plantagenet of England. In the 15th century,
having overthrown the house of Lancaster, it provided
three kings of England—Edward IV, Edward V, and
Richard III—and, in turn defeated, passed on its claims
to the Tudor dynasty.

The House of York descended in the male line from

Edmund of Langley, 1st Duke of York, the fourth
surviving son of Edward III. In time, it also represented
Edward III's senior line, when an heir of York married
the heiress-descendant of Lionel, Duke of Clarence,
Edward III's second surviving son. It is based on these
descents that they claimed the English crown.
 Who were the yorkist?

End of the dynasty

The reign of this dynasty ended with the death of
Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485,
Henry Tudor, who was a Lancastrian, took the throne
and became Henry VII of England (1485-1509). And
through his marriage to Elizabeth of York he united the
two houses and created a new one: the Tudor house.

York badges
The most popular symbol of the house of York was the
White Rose of York. The Yorkist rose is white in colour,
because in Christian liturgical symbolism, white is the
symbol of light, typifying innocence and purity, joy and
glory
FAMILY TREE FAMILY TREE

FAMILY TREE FAMILY TREE

The Nobility in late
15th Century
England
England in the 15th century was very
hierarchical: an individual’s social standing
was largely dependent on their social class and
the family they were born into which, in turn,
was closely related to their wealth.
Women had titles complementary to their
husband’s titles. A very few women had titles
in their own right.
The Yorks and Lancasters
were descended from the
same family
The Houses of York and Lancaster both traced
their lineage to the sons of Edward III of the
House of Plantagenet, who ruled as England’s
king from 1327 until 1377. The Yorks were
descended from the female relatives of Edward’s
second and fourth sons, while the Lancasters
were related to Edward’s third son, John of
Gaunt.
THE WARS OF
THE ROSES
 Date: 1455 - 1487.

General Data Place: England, Wales and Calais (France).

Combatants: House of York vs. House of Lancastrians.
Result: Victory of the Tudors, allies of the Lancastrians.

What was the Wars of the Two Roses?

The War of the Two Roses was a civil war that between 1455 and 1487 pitted the House of
Lancastrians against the House of York. Both families claimed the throne of England because
they were related to the Plantagenet dynasty.

The conflict involved all the English feudal nobility, who supported each
house according to their kinship and marriage alliances.

The name War of the Two Roses alludes to the emblems of both families,
the white rose of the Yorks and the red rose of the Lancastrians.

In England, the War of the Two Roses marked the passage from the Middle Ages
to the Modern Age, represented by the rise to the throne of the Tudor dynasty.
 Development of the Wars of the Two Roses
We can divided this into the following stages:
1. End of the first reign of Henry VI of Lancaster (1455-1461):
❖ In 1453 Richard, Duke of York, conspired to take the
crown, but was expelled from court by Margaret of Anjou,
wife of the king.
❖ To regain his position of power, in 1455 Richard
confronted and defeated the royal troops in the battle of
San Albano. He was thus reappointed as regent.
❖ But in 1456 the king sent him to Ireland.
❖ In 1459 Richard invaded England, but his forces were
defeated and he had to go into exile in Calais, France.
❖ In 1460 the forces of the Duke of York crossed the English
Channel and took the king prisoner. The Act of Settlement
was then signed, which recognized the right of the Yorks
to succeed Henry VI to the throne.
❖ However, this pact was rejected by Queen Margaret, who
gathered an army and won at the Battle of Wakefield on
December 30, 1460. Richard died in battle, while his son
Edmund was taken prisoner and beheaded.
2. First reign of Edward IV of York (1461-1470):
❖ After the death of Richard of York, his eldest son
Edward recruited an army and entered London, where
he was proclaimed king.
❖ With money and supplies from local merchants, he
defeated the Lancastrian forces at the Battle of Towton
on March 29, 1461.
❖ Despite his victory and official coronation, he had to
fight for several years to take fortresses held by
Lancastrian supporters.
❖ In 1465 he managed to capture the deposed Henry VI,
who was imprisoned in the Tower of London.
❖ His position of power seemed secure, but in 1470 the
Earl of Warwick, upset at having lost influence at court,
allied with the exiled Margaret of Anjou and rebelled
against the king. Margaret and Warwick's troops
defeated the royal forces, so Edward IV took refuge in
Burgundy.
3. Second reign of Henry VI of Lancaster (1470-1471):
❖ After Edward IV's departure into exile, Henry VI was
released and regained the throne, but had to rule under the
influence of the Earl of Warwick.
❖ The restoration of the Lancastrians displeased George of
York, brother of the deposed king. When George heard that
Edward had returned to England, he went to meet him and
together they defeated Warwick and the Lancastrians at
the battles of Barnet and Tewkesbury.
❖ A few days later, King Henry VI was assassinated and his
wife Margaret imprisoned in the Tower of London.
4. Second reign of Edward IV of York (1471-1483):
❖ Edward IV, restored to the throne in 1471.
❖ He was able to rule in peace until his death in 1483, when
he was succeeded by his son Edward V, who was 12 years
old.
5. Reign of Edward V of York (1483):
❖ The accession to the throne of Edward V marked the
beginning of new political disorders due to the young age
of the monarch and the ambitions of the Duke of
Gloucester, younger brother of Edward IV.
❖ Gloucester, appointed regent of Edward V, took advantage
of his position of power to imprison the young king and his
younger brother, Prince Richard.
6. Reign of Richard III of York (1483-1485):
Parliament agreed to crown the Duke of Gloucester,
who took the name Richard III. Shortly thereafter, his
nephews Edward and Richard mysteriously
disappeared from the Tower of London. The Lancaster
took advantage of the accusations of tyranny against
Richard to ally themselves with a powerful relative,
Henry Tudor. This one gathered an army with which he
defeated Richard III in Bosworth, who died in the battle.
7. Beginnings of the reign of Henry VII Tudor (1485-
1487):
❖ After his coronation as king of England in 1485,
Henry VII married Elizabeth of York, daughter of
Edward IV. Thus he reunited in his person the two
royal houses that had fought against each other for
so many years.
❖ Some historians consider this fact as the end point
of the civil war.
❖ Others argue that the conflict ended in 1487, when
an impostor posing as a York took up arms against
the king, but was defeated.
❖ Thereafter, Henry VII was able to rule in peace and
the Tudor dynasty began.
 Causes of the Wars of the Two Roses

1. The rivalry between the House of York and the

House of Lancastrians, which had begun in 1399
when Henry, Duke of Lancaster, overthrew King
Richard II of the Plantagenet dynasty and
assumed the crown under the name of Henry
IV. On his death in 1413, he was succeeded by
his son, Henry V, and then by his grandson
Henry VI.
2. England's defeat in the 100
Years' War and the loss of
almost all the English territories
that were disputed, for which
Henry VI and his advisors were
blamed.

4. Henry VI's illness that temporarily

3. Henry VI's illness that temporarily
incapacitated him to govern and
incapacitated him to govern and forced
forced him to create a Regency
him to create a Regency Council headed
Council headed by Richard of York as
by Richard of York as Lord Protector.
Lord Protector.
 Consequences of the Wars of the Two Roses
1. The extinction of the 3. The growth of the influence of London
Plantagenet dynasty and the merchants, who financed first the Yorks and then
extinction of the male branch of Henry VII.
the House of York.

2. The weakening of the English 4. The establishment of a centralized monarchy

feudal nobility, which lost by the Tudor dynasty, inaugurated by Henry VII.
thousands of lords on the
battlefields. When the war ended,
the lands they held became The end of English influence in Western Europe,
Crown dominions, which which had been notorious between the mid-14th
increased their power and and early 15th centuries.
wealth.
Links
Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8z_U7r-
QYs&ab_channel=CaptivatingHistory
Quizz:
https://quizizz.com/join/quiz/6330e6afbb8c2c001ec8256b/start?studentShare=tr
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