INTERNSHIP STUDY IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SECTOR

A report
Submitted in the partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of the Degree in Master of Business Administration of the
University of Kerala

Submitted By
NAUREEN S
59520810064

Under the Guidance of

Dr Aravind M
Associate Professor

T.K.M INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT KARUVELIL POST,

KOLLAM – 691585
2021 SEPTEMBER
 DECLARATION

I the undersigned solemnly declare that the report of the project work entitled “INTERNSHIP

STUDY IN IT SECTOR”, is based my own work carried out during the course of my study

under the supervision of Dr. Aravind M, Associate Professor TKM Institute of Management,

towards the partial fulfilment of the award of Master of Business Administration of the

University of Kerala during the second semester of study in TKM Institute of Management I

assert that the statements made and conclusions drawn are an outcome of the project work. I

further declare that to the best of my knowledge and belief that the project report does not

contain any part of any work which has been submitted for the award of any other

degree/diploma/certificate in this University.

Place:

Date: Naureen S

2
 CERIFICATE FROM THE COLLEGE

Dr. Aravind M Dr. Jayaram Nayar

Associate Professor Director

TKMIM

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With a grateful heart I first thank God for his invisible guidance and grace for the successful

completion of the report. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Jayaram Nayar,

Director, TKM Institute of Management, Kollam for permitting me to undergo this internship

study. I am extremely thankful to Faculty guide Dr. Aravind M, Associate Professor, TKMIM

who gave me guidance and suggestion for the preparation of this internship study report. I owe

special gratitude to extend my thanks to all faculty members of TKM Institute of Management,

Kollam, for their help and encouragement. I take this opportunity to acknowledge all the help

rendered to me by Librarian and also to all staff of TIM Library for helping me in successfully

completing the research work. My special thanks to my parents and my close friends and all

my well-wishers.

Naureen S

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

Contents Title Page

No
9
List of Figures
10
List of Abbreviations
1. Introduction 11

1.1 Overview of the Study 12

Chapter 1 1.2 Area of the Study 12

1.3 Scope of the Study 13

1.4 Objectives of the Study 13

1.5 Methodology 14

1.6 Analysis Tools 14

1.7 Limitations of the Study 15

1.8 Chapterisation 15

2. Industry Profile 17

2.1 Introduction 18

2.2 Evolution of the Information Technology in India 20

Chapter 2 2.3 Types of IT Industry 22

2.4 Growth of IT Industry 23

2.5 Structure of IT Industry in India 27

2.6 Market Size 28

2.7 Top 10 IT Companies in India 29

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 2.8 IT Industry Effect on India 30

2.9 Key factors driving the success of IT Industry 32

2.10 Recent Trends in IT Industry 33

2.11 Future Outlook 36

Chapter 3 3.Company Profile 37

3.1 Mindtree 38

3.1.2 Services 39

3.1.3 Employees 40

3.1.4 Diversity & Inclusion 41

3.1.5 Policies 42

3.1.6 Infrastructure Support 42

3.1.7 Employee Network Group 42

3.1.8 Training & Mentoring 42

3.1.9 Women’s Safety 42

3.1.10 Health and Wellbeing 43

3.1.11 Management Approach 43

3.1.12 Promoting Human Rights across our value chain 44

3.1.13 Customer Engagement 44

3.1.14 Awards and Recognition 45

3.2 Cognizant 47

3.2.1 Introduction 47

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 3.2.2 Mission statement 49

3.2.3 Vision statement 50

3.2.4 Values 50

3.2.5 Product and Services 50

3.2.6 Cognizant Acquisitions Strategy 51

3.2.7 Cognizant as a top performer 52

3.2.8 Business Model 52

3.3 UST Global 53

3.3.1 Introduction 53

3.3.2 Mission statement 55

3.3.3 Vision statement 55

3.3.4 Values 55

3.3.5 Services 55

3.3.6 Awards & Recognitions 57

3.3.7 CyberProof 58

3.3.8 Acquisitions 59

4. Environmental Analysis 61`

Chapter 4
4.1 SWOT Analysis 62

4.1.1 SWOT of Mindtree 63

4.1.2 SWOT of Cognizant 64

4.1.3 SWOT UST Global 65

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 4.2 Porters Five Force Model 66

4.2.1 Five Forces Analysis of IT Industry 68

4.3 BCG Matrix (Boston Consultancy Group) 69

4.3.1 BCG of Mindtree 71

4.3.2 BCG Matrix of Cognizant 72

4.3.3 BCG Matrix UST Global 74

Chapter 5 Findings, Future Prospectus and Conclusion 75

5.1 Findings 76

5.2 Future Prospects 77

5.3 Conclusion 79

Bibliography 80

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Table No Table Title Page No.

2.1 Types of IT Industry 22

2.2 Key Categories of the Technology Industry 25

2.3 Growth and Market Size of IT Industry in India 29

2.4 Contribution of IT Industry in India’s GDP 32

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 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations Full Forms

BCG Boston Consulting Group
NASSCOM National Association of Software and Services Companies
SEZ Special Economic Zones
YoY Year on Year

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

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1.1 Overview to the Study

An internship is a work experience that also has an academic value in one's program of study.

Internship is set in a learning environment, it is in the student’s major, and the work is done for

academic credit. Every organization has its own objectives. The objectives differ from each

other. The main purpose behind the formation of any organization is to attain certain clear and

predetermined objectives. Internship is an integral part of MBA program. It helps us to know

more about the functions, structures, policies, duties and different procedures of the

organization. Since this internship is being done online by collecting secondary data, it was a

major challenge in completing it with the available data on the internet. The task was to identify

any three organisations in a single industry/sector and to collect data about that particular

industry and the companies selected. The industry selected by me was the Information

Technology Industry. The companies selected by me on IT sector were Mindtree, Cognizant

and UST Global. Through this internship I gained a lot of information regarding these

companies as well as this sector. Some of the information were very new to me and I collected

them with an anxiety to know about this industry. The collected information is carefully

analysed to make a clear picture regarding the IT Industry. Even though some details of the

companies were not easily available I have collected most the information that were obtained.

1.2 Area of the Study

The study is based on IT sector to analyse the organizational structure and different role of the

departments and gathered information through online mode. Due to pandemic almost all the

companies have changed their predetermined plans, policies and adopt new strategic plans and

developments through various innovative ideas to make success in the future, work from home

is the new normal of the employees of most of the company.

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This Study includes

• Industry Profile

• Companies Profile

• SWOT Analysis of companies

• Porter’s Five force model of Companies

• BCG Matrix of Companies

1.3 Scope of the Study

• The scope of the study covers all the progress using its overall functioning.

• To examine the business environment and know more about IT Industry.

• The organizational study at IT sector mainly focuses on three companies Mindtree,

Cognizant and UST Global for the period of one month.

• The study will be conducted to understand the structure, function and process of the

various departments and their interdependence.

• To evaluate the existing activities and techniques of IT Industry.

• To analyse the growth of the IT Industry in India.

1.4 Objectives of the Internship

• To know about companies Mindtree, Cognizant and UST Global.

• To analyse SWOT of the companies.

• To know about the services and products of the company.

• To know organizational activity in all functional areas and relate this to theoretical

knowledge required.

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 • To study the product portfolio of the companies.

• To examine the competition in the IT industry in India.

1.5 Methodology

Due to COVID-19 pandemic situation we are advised to collect the secondary data for

preparing a report for the internship study. Secondary data is used for analysing the

organizational environment and for examining the functioning of the companies which have

been chosen. Secondary data is a type of data that has been already collected in the past. Here,

the secondary data were collected from:

• Earlier internal report

• Annual report

• Publications

• Websites

• Journals

1.6 Analysis Tools

1. SWOT

2. BCG Metrix

3. Porters Five Force Model

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1.7 Limitations of the Study

• Lack of experience in IT industry

• Unavailability of accurate information

• Trend keeps on changing, in this Covid time, trend has changed a lot.

• Personal bias may have occurred.

• Company may not publish all the details; they keep some information as confidential.

• Time constraints.

1.8 Chapterisation

Chapter 1

Introduction to the organizational study which includes the Area of study, Scope of the study

and Objective of the study, Methodology, limitation, tools used and also it describes the

relevance of IT sector and need for conducting an organization study based on IT companies.

Chapter 2

Industry Profile - Industry profiles are in-depth documents that give insight into an industry,

where it came from, and where it appears to be going., forces affecting the industry and

financial data for the industry. Advantage is that Industry profile will be same

Chapter 3

Company Profile - Concise description which, among other items of information, includes -

firm's history, number and quality of its human, financial, and physical resources,

organizational and management structure, past, current and anticipated performance, and its

reputation, and the standing of its goods or services.

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Chapter 4

It includes the detailed analysis of each company using SWOT, BCG and Porters Five Force

analysis etc. which gives information about the strength and weakness of the company their

opportunity in the future and also comparison with competitors are also to be taken for the

better efficient and effective organizational study.

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 CHAPTER 2

INDUSTRY PROFILE

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2.1 Introduction

An information technology industry or IT industry is any business model based on the

collection, processing, distribution and use of information. Most industries use information

technology to a significant extent. At some point, an old industry becomes so technology

intensive that it begins to resemble an IT industry. In other cases, an industry is born out of

technology The Information Technology & Information Technology Enabled Services (IT-

ITeS) sector is a field which is undergoing rapid evolution and is changing the shape of Indian

business standards. This sector includes software development, consultancies, software

management, online services and business process outsourcing (BPO). The Indian IT industry

has a noticeable global presence today and has risen as the quickest growing segment of the

Indian business both regarding exports and production. IT industry in India is one of the

quickest developing industries. Indian Information Technology sector has developed

significant brand value for itself in the worldwide markets. IT has a significant function in

fortifying the technical and economic foundation in India. The sector can be divided into 4

general classifications - Engineering services, ITES-BPO services, IT Services, E Business The

development of the IT business in India is exceptional over the economies of the world. Every

sub-sector of this industry (hardware items have generally seen less improvement) have gained

ground in economic growth over the most recent twenty years and powered the development

of the Indian economy. The rapid development inside the IT business and liberalisation

policies, for example, decreasing tax barriers and disposing of import duties on technology

product by the Indian government are instrumental in the development of this industry.

Likewise, different other government activities like setting up Software Innovation Parks

(STP), foreign direct investment (FDI), Export Oriented Units (EOU) and Special Economic

Zones (SEZ) have helped this industry in accomplishing a predominant position on the world

information technology industry India's IT industry is expected to grow at a rate of 12 - 14%

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as per a report by India's software industry body National Association of Software and Services

Companies (NASSCOM.) This clearly shows that information technology is a sector which

will likely be one of the emerging markets in the days to come as India's economy requires

more hardware, software and other IT 16 services. In a NASSCOM-McKinsey report, India's

position in the global offshore IT industry is based on five factors - abundant talent, creation

of urban infrastructure, operational excellence, conducive business environment and finally,

continued growth in the domestic IT sector. The IT industry is heavily influenced by factors

like the global market and sustenance of its rate of growth. The recession in the United States

also impacted the IT community in India negatively. This segment is promising and has vast

potential, but there are concerns regarding the demand-supply gap, which is widening. Some

challenges which the industry is facing are inadequate infrastructure, tax issues and limited

preferential access for local firms. China and Taiwan are examples of low-cost destinations,

and India needs to change its current tax structure so that it can outdo competition from other

countries. One of the biggest benefits that the computer and IT industry provides in India is the

employment it can generate. Other benefits are export and Foreign Direct Investments (FDI).

New markets have opened up in the Middle East, Africa, Eastern Europe, and South and South

East Asia. India is now a major destination for IT outsourcing. There is no dearth of IT job

opportunities in India. In fact, India is expected to overtake the US to have the most number of

software developers (52 lakh developers in India against America’s 42 lakhs). The IT industry

is one which is not limited to software development alone. Technology can be applied in

libraries, hospitals, banks, shops, prisons, hotels, airports, train stations and many other places

through database management systems, or through custom-made software as seen fit.

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2.2 Evolution of the Information Technology in India

Before 1970 after Independence, India didn't have any directing approach or structure for

software technology. Be that as it may, the government had taken a few activities for starting

and creation of computer in educational institute during this period. In 1963, Bhabha Board

stressed on the significance of electronics and computer for the improvement of India. On the

proposal of the Bhabha Council, the Government of India set up the Department of electronics

(DoE) in 1970 for promoting the development of Computers and electronics in India. In 1972,

the government developed a new software scheme and permitted hardware import and export

of software. This scheme is viewed as the first breakpoint throughout the entire existence of 17

the Indian Information technology industry as in 1974 Tata Consultancy Administrations

(TCS) got its first foreign client Burroughs Partnership from the US. For the following decade,

however Indian organizations viz. TCS, WIPRO, Infosys (1981) were sending out the product

items however trade was not empowering. In 1978, IBM had to close its activities in India as

the government had requested that it reduce its equity. Notwithstanding, in 1986 the

government brought a liberalisation policy for the Information technology Industry which de-

licensed hardware import and empowered duty-free exports. Further, because of liberalization

in 1991 and opening of the Indian economy for foreign investment, strengthened competition

in the IT Industry which brought about standardisation and productivity improvement. The

Information Technology Industry has developed quickly and large amount of force exchange.

The Information technology act of 2000, National Broadband Policy of 2004 and Special

economic Zone (SEZ) act of 2005 gave a lift to the IT Industry and brought about an expansion

in the quantity of domestic and foreign /IT organizations in the nation. In the most recent

decade, India has risen as an IT centre for the software Industry of the world and Indian

software industry have taken conspicuous position in the worldwide IT sector. India has

become the world's biggest sourcing destination for the IT business. Online retailing, e-

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commerce and cloud computing are altogether adding to the expedient development of the IT

Industry. The pace of development in the IT area for 2019-20 is approximately 10%. Indian IT

industry has developed quickly with a remarkable growth rate after the economic reform of

1991-92. Indian IT organizations have set up a huge number of centres inside India and around

80 nations over the world. Most of worldwide enterprises are sourcing IT-ITES from the Indian

IT industry, it represents around 55 percent of the worldwide help sourcing market (US$ 200-

250 billion) in 2019-20. The market size (particularly trade) of the Information technology

industry has grown manifold from approximately 67 billion US dollars in 2008-09 to 191

billion US dollars in 2019-20 (Chart 1). The income is additionally expected to grow in the

coming years with a high growth rate and expected to arrive at 350 billion US dollars by 2025

The exceptional feature of India's IT industry is that along with its extension as far as market

size it is likewise steadily adding a significant share to India's GDP (Gross domestic product)

and thus boosting the development and growth of the nation. From an infinitesimal 0.4 percent

18 in 1991-92, the IT industry contributed around eight percent in 2017-18 to the all-out Gross

domestic product of India (Chart 2). This share is expected to increase to 10% by 2025. India's

technology skilled pool has become over the period and represented around 75 percent of

worldwide digital talent. India's four enormous IT organizations (TCS, Infosys, Wipro, HCL

Tech) have utilized more than 1,000,000 workers. New IT-based advances, for example,

telemedicine, remote monitoring, and so on are growing and boosting the demand in digital

economy. The rollout of fifth generation (5G) communication technology, cloud computing,

Internet of Things, artificial intelligence will additionally grow the size of the IT industry in

India. As the size of India's digital economy is expanding, IT organizations are building up

their focuses in level II and level III cities which will additionally upgrade the growth and

lessen the current disparities India's liberalization was possible due to its IT industry. In the

1990s, the industry started off with an export of nearly $100 million with around 5,000

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employees. Now it is an industry that thrives globally and India's IT exports are now around

$70 billion with 2.8 million employees working in this sector. This states that the IT sector is

one of the top industries in the country today.

2.3 Types of IT Industry

When we talk about the IT Industry, we incorporate all associations or department inside

organisation which create, keep up or operate the Information Technology System

Comprehensively, we can come up with following segments for IT associations. Numerous

Organisation will have a presence in different Segments.

Fig. 2.1 Types of IT industry

Product Companies

These are companies which work on product to serve a particular use for a consumer. It can be

pure software organisation (for example computer associates and adobe systems) or hybrid

product companies which is the combination of both hardware and software – regularly given

as a bundle but in certain situation they are sold independently too (for example Apple,

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Microsoft, Google, and so forth). In these classifications there are thousands of start-ups

looking to make their idea the next large idea.

Service Organisation

These companies give Information Technology services to their clients. They are some which

work in offering service to the product companies only, where others give a wide range of

services like bespoke application development., network maintenance, system support and

business process outsourcing.

In-house IT Department

The Information technology function of the largest organisation might be greater than

numerous independent IT organizations. This function commonly functions like a cost centre

that gives Information technology services to the Core business. For instance, the IRCTC which

serves the Indian railroads manufactures and supports some of the very complex systems in the

world.

2.4 Growth of IT Industry

In 2020, the global information technology industry took a small step back in terms of overall

revenue. As of August 2020, the research consultancy IDC was projecting global revenue of

$4.8 trillion for the year, compared to their original estimate of $5.2 trillion. While the tech

sector fared better than many other industries during the pandemic, it was not immune to

cutbacks in spending patterns and deferment of major investments. Moving forward, IDC

projects that the technology industry is on pace to reach $5 trillion in 2021. If this number

holds, it would represent 4.2% growth, signalling a return to the trend line that the industry was

on prior to the pandemic. Looking even further into the future, IDC expects the pattern to

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continue, estimating a 5% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for the industry through

2024.

The United States is the largest tech market in the world, representing 33% of the total, or

approximately $1.6 trillion for 2021. In the U.S., as well as in many other countries, the tech

sector accounts for a significant portion of economic activity. CompTIA’s Cyber states report

reveals that the economic impact of the U.S. tech sector, measured as a percentage of gross

domestic product, exceeds that of most other industries, including notable sectors such as retail,

construction and transportation.

Despite the size of the U.S. market, the majority of technology spending (67%) occurs beyond

its borders. Spending is often correlated with factors such as population, GDP and market

maturity. Among global regions, western Europe remains a significant contributor, accounting

for approximately one of every five technology dollars spent worldwide. However, as far as

individual countries go, China has clearly established itself as a major player in the global tech

market. China has followed a pattern that can also be seen in developing regions, where there

is a twofold effect of closing the gap in categories such as IT infrastructure, software and

services, along with staking out leadership positions in emerging areas such as 5G and robotics.

The bulk of technology spending stems from purchases made by corporate or government

entities. A smaller portion comes from household spending, including home-based businesses.

With the blurring of work and personal life, especially in the small business space, it can be

difficult to precisely classify certain types of technology purchases as being solely business or

solely consumer.

There are a number of taxonomies for depicting the information technology space. Using the

conventional approach, the industry market can be categorized into five top level buckets. The

traditional categories of hardware, software and services account for 56% of the global total.

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The other core category, telecom services, accounts for 26%. The remaining 19% covers

various emerging technologies that either don’t fit into one of the traditional buckets or span

multiple categories, which is the case for many emerging as-a-service solutions that include

elements of hardware, software and service, such as IoT, drones and many automating

technologies.

CompTIA estimates the worldwide Information technology industry will develop at a pace of

3.7% in 2020. The optimistic upside estimate is in the 5.4% range, with a degrading floor of

1.9%. Growth expectation for the U.S. market are in accordance with the worldwide projection.

As the biggest tech market on the planet, U.S. estimates and worldwide estimates are

inseparably connected. This is a smaller forecast range than what has been seen in past years,

which means industry authorities are practicing a generally serious extent of caution in a

changing environment.

Fig. 2.2 Key Categories of the Technology Industry

The allocation of spending will vary from country to country based on a number of factors. In

the mature U.S. market, for example, there is robust infrastructure and platforms, a large

25
installed base of users equipped with connected devices, and available bandwidth for these

devices to communicate. This paves the way for investments in the software and services that

sit on top of this foundation.

Tech services and software account for nearly half of spending in the U.S. technology market,

significantly higher than the rate in many other global regions. Countries that are not quite as

far along in these areas tend to allocate more spending to traditional hardware and telecom

services. Building out infrastructure and developing a broad-based digital workforce does not

happen overnight. Scenarios do exist, however, whereby those without legacy infrastructure –

and the friction that often comes with transitioning from old to new – may find an easier path

to jump directly to the latest generation of technologies.

Although IDC is predicting a return to solid growth, the environment is more uncertain than

any in recent memory. Several factors could swing actual spending in either direction. On the

upside, technology firms are planning to capitalize on the ongoing digitalization of business,

whether that is expanding engagements with their current customer base or reaching into new

segments. Additionally, technology firms are applying lessons learned from a challenging year

and placing the spotlight on their internal operations, including sales and marketing efforts.

For the most part, negative sentiment is driven by uncertainty. Top of mind are any continued

business struggles as the COVID epidemic drags on. Beyond that, the Spector of some

unexpected event feels more real after the events of last year. Ultimately, customers may

postpone purchases or IT projects even further as they deal with uncertainty in their own space.

Typical hurdles such as the availability of skills are still in the picture, but for most companies,

the plans for 2021 are defined more by the unknown than quantifiable challenges.

The enormity of the industry is a function of many of the trends discussed in this report.

Economies, jobs, and personal lives are becoming more digital, more connected and more

26
automated—a trend that is only accelerating after recent events. The platform for computing

has become much more stable, with access to technology no longer limited by location or

constrained to certain activities. As a result, more energy is pouring into creative solutions,

further expanding the opportunities for both IT professionals and IT channel firms.

2.5 Structure of IT Industry in India

There are 4 major categories which come under IT industry and they are as follows:

1. IT Services

IT Services is a major part of IT industry in India. IT services include client, server and

web-based services. Opportunities in the IT services sector exist in the areas of

consulting services, management services, internet services and application

maintenance. IT Services are used by number users and these are as follows:

• Government

• Banking

• Financial services

• Retail and distribution

• Manufacturing

2. IT Enabled Services

Extensive use of information and technology is done by many services. These services

are categorized as IT-enabled services. The IT enabled services are the most important

contributor to the growth of the IT industry of India. Some of the important services

covered by the ITES sector in India are –

• Customer-interaction services including call-centre

• Back-office services

• Data entry and data conversion

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 • HR services

• Content development and animation

• Remote education

• Data search

• Geographic Information Systems

• Market research

3. Software Products

Software products are among the most highly exported products from India. The

software industry in India started in the 1970s and grew at a significant rate in the last

ten years. Between 1996-1997 and 2002-2003, the Indian software industry grew more

than five times from 2630 crores to 13200 crores. During the same period software and

service exports from India grew by almost 12 times.

4. Hardware

The hardware sector of the IT industry focuses on the manufacturing and assembling

of computer hardware. The consumption of computer hardware is high in the domestic

market. Due to the rise in the number of IT companies, sales of desktops, laptops,

servers, routers, etc have been on the rise in recent years. Many domestic and multi-

national; companies have invested in the computer hardware market in India,

2.6 Market Size

The domestic revenue of the IT industry is estimated at US$ 45 billion and export revenue is

estimated at US$ 150 billion in FY21. According to Gartner estimates, IT spending in India is

estimated to reach US$ 93 billion in 2021 (7.3% YoY growth) and further increase to US$

98.5 billion in 2022.

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 Fig. 2.3 Growth and Market Size of IT Industry in India

2.7 Top 10 IT Companies in India

1. Tata Consultancy service. – Largest IT company in India.

2. Infosys

3. HCL Technologies

4. Wipro Limited

5. Redington India Ltd

6. Tech Mahindra Ltd

7. Larsen & Toubro Infotech Ltd

8. Mphasis Ltd

9. Mindtree Ltd

10. Hexaware Technologies Ltd

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2.8 IT Industry Effect on India

• Growth in Exports

Regarding revenue and foreign exchange, this sector has changed India's finances, and is

successfully financing an enormous portion of imports. The is as of now the biggest forex

earner from accounts and exports for over 25% of the nation's total exports. The sector is now

offering over 7.9% to India's Gross domestic product.

• Capability Development and Employment Creation

No other industry segments have produced the same number of occupations for the working

class. The sector directly employs more than 4,000,000 individuals and indirectly supports an

additional 12 million jobs. The industry was likewise a significant trigger for the government

to push for an expansion in yield of engineering colleges to over 700,000 graduates a year 22

Organizations have likewise set up processes to recruit, train, and engage in a huge number of

employees. Actually, Indian IT service organizations spend over US$1.6 billion every year on

employee training. Enormous technology organizations have set up exclusively focused on

training their employees on skills relevant to their worldwide customers. More than 500,000

specialists in India are now outfitted with relevant digital skills to drive digital transformation.

Future Skills, an activity of the Natural association of Software and Service companies

(NASSCOM), has an eager objective of preparing another 2,000,000 individuals in digital

technologies over the next few years. The extensive engineering education system and the

deployed talent pool in the Information technology companies likewise improving the digital

capabilities of Indian endeavours. The managerial and technical talent from IT organizations

have moved to Indian endeavours to assist them with quickening their digital transformation

initiatives.

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 • Female Empowerment

The industry has been very supportive of women in the labour force, an aspect where India has

customarily slacked. Some 30% of the IT industry workforce is included ladies’ representatives

and this has been a pattern since the beginning phases of its turn of events the sector helped

empower women as well as given them with highly aspirational career options.

• Start-up Ecosystem

The start-up ecosystem in India pulled in over US$10 billion in investments from venture

capitalists from over the world between 2016 and 2018. US$6 billion has already been put

resources into Indian new companies by SoftBank out of its US$100 billion Vision Fund. Start-

ups such as Flipkart, Ola, and Swiggy have made or carefully empower a large number of

occupations, for example, taxi drivers, ecommerce and food delivery professions. These

organizations are additionally engaging the nation's 60 million little and medium organizations

by digitally enabling their operations. New companies, like, Power2SME and Capital Float are

offering innovative financial services for SMBs, including "flow-based lending;" a lending

model that gives credit to SMBs depended on an analysis of their financial transactions in this

manner improving SMBs' capacity to invest and develop their, organisation.

• Digital Infrastructure

Inside the range of 10 years, Indian IT organisation have taken few services being provided to

resident and enterprises and moved them online. The vast majority systems have been

developed by indigenous IT Organisation, and many are likewise maintained and managed by

them. Examples include the income tax management system, including efiling of tax returns,

the Ministry of Corporate Affairs system for corporate tax filing, the passport system, the entire

India Stack digital infrastructure, the Goods and Services Tax system, the Indian rail

31
reservation system (that books over 200 million tickets yearly), the Aadhaar unique

identification infrastructure the biggest in the world, and others.

2.9 Key Factors driving the success of IT Industry

One industry that has been growing at a rapid pace is the Information Technology (IT) industry.

Unlike other sectors, which have seen turbulent times, this is one sector which has been meeting

or even exceeding the expectations of the industry veterans and trade bodies. Key drivers to IT

growth are:

• Low cost of operation and tax advantages.

• Supportive government policies.

• Availability of technically skilled manpower.

• Rapid introduction of IT technologies in major sectors such as telecom, BFSI and more.

• Strong growth in export demand.

• Adoption of new technologies like cloud computing, Artificial Intelligence, Big Data.

• Government established SEZ (Special Economic Zones).

Fig 2.4 Contribution of IT Industry in India’s GDP

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2.10 Recent Trends in Technology
Several new creative solutions are being developed for businesses to improve business

performance by leveraging exponential technologies such as robotic process automation

(RPA), AI (artificial intelligence) and analytics. The year 2019 has seen the growing

adoption of RPA across the world across a wide range of industries and functions. When it

comes to the adoption of Analytics, 2019 was a great year as several sectors recorded

significant growth. Artificial intelligence is also undoubtedly gaining an important place in

various fields. Put simply, RPA, AI and analytics will continue to shine in 2020, from new

policies developed by the Indian government to the latest adoption of technologies by small

and medium enterprises (SMEs) and start-ups.

1. Hyper-automation

When intelligence is infused into the automation of robotic processes leveraging data

science and analytics, it becomes a new technology called hyper-automatization,

enabling process optimization and modernization. According to Gartner’s Top 10

Strategic Technology Trends for 2020, Hyper-automation is one of the hottest

technologies. Hyper-automation uses a combination of various technologies such as

machine learning, RPA, intelligent business management software and AI, to take the

automation of organizational processes to the next level. With hyper-automation, a mix

of devices is used to support this process to work just like human labour in a business,

after which the solution can even carry out the decision-making process in a way.

independent. Hyper-automation will result in higher productivity rates and greater

access to data, further helping decision makers make better decisions for their

customers by leveraging analytics.

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2. Artificial Intelligence

AI is now penetrating deeper into homes, people's lifestyles, and human interactions

with more reliable AI engines. Voice technology is already making us comfortable in

our homes. Now, with the arrival of high speed fiber optic internet to homes in India, it

will be interesting to see how data is used to 14 develop more user-friendly and

convenient devices. When it comes to process transformations, most of the impact of

the rise of AI will be in streamlining tasks with no added value, which will save humans

time to invest in more meaningful activities. and creative, more and more companies.

achieve this now and invest in the future to requalify the workforce and take advantage

of modern technology. The use of data analysis on vast amounts of data will reach new

levels, bringing us historic achievements. Some of the best uses include algorithms

under development to help fingerprint analytical systems, find errors and give

information, and suggest new data that should be analysed with it. Thus, analyses

allowing the use of the right data at the right time.

3. Natural Language Processing and Conversational AI

NLP has gained more speed than ever with advancements and its applications in voice

search and voice assistants, becoming the next paradigm shift in AI, in many

organizations in India. Voice search and voice assistants have created a paradigm shift

in AI, audio data can be used to glean information by leveraging NLP skills to gain

competitive advantage over others. NLP is also used to improve dashboards and reports

displayed in their Business Intelligence systems. Multiple questions and answers or

discussion media can be used to get real-time answers and useful visualizations from

specific data queries. Given its ability to improve efficiency and knowledge, and the

ongoing research in the field of computational linguistics, NLP will help optimize data

mining and the way we communicate in the near future.

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4. Autonomous Things

Autonomous objects are one of the most revolutionary innovations marking the

technological progress of recent years, with autonomous vehicles and autonomous

drones, etc. In 2020, this technology reaches new heights by transforming autonomous

smart objects into a group of collaborative smart objects. There will be multiple devices

working together, with little or no human dependency or contribution. Autonomous

objects have the potential to surpass process automation to integrate advanced artificial

intelligence (AI) to provide communications and behaviours with more natural

interactions with humans and the environment.

5. Innovations in Data Storage Technologies

With the problem of increasing amounts of data, the concept of SDS (Software Defined

Storage) systems promises a good solution, combining software and hardware from

different manufacturers to work together, resulting in huge performance improvement,

making it more secure and more agile. Another 15 popular trend is the use of large-

scale data centre construction that dominates the data centre industry by enabling

enterprises to adopt data centre infrastructure management (DCIM) solutions that meet

to the demands of modern businesses and the environment. This will increase in

companies that design and operate smart data Centre for operators to incorporate

proactive measures for sustainability and efficiency.

6. Work from Home

Numerous organizations have requested that representatives telecommute. Remote

work by progressions including virtual private associations (VPNs), voice over web

shows, virtual social affairs, cloud development, work joint exertion instruments and

even facial affirmation propels that enable a person to appear before a virtual

establishment to spare the security of the home. In expansion to forestalling the spread

35
of infections, distant work likewise spares drive time and gives greater adaptability.

However distant work likewise forces difficulties to bosses and representatives. Data

security, protection and ideal technical support can be huge issues, as uncovered by late

class activities documented against Zoom. Distant work can likewise convolute work

law issues, for example, those related with giving a protected workplace and salary

charge issues. Representatives may encounter depression and absence of work-life

balance. On the off chance that far off work turns out to be more normal after the

COVID-19 pandemic, businesses may choose to diminish rent expenses and recruit

individuals from districts with less expensive work costs. Laws and guidelines must be

refreshed to oblige far off work – and further mental investigations should be directed

to comprehend the impact of distant work on individuals.

2.11 Future Outlook

• India is the topmost offshoring destination for IT companies across the world.

It companies have proven their capabilities in delivering both on-shore and off-

shore services to global clients, emerging technologies now offer an entire new

gamut of opportunities for top IT firms in India.

• Social, Mobility, Analytics and Cloud (SMAC) are collectively expected to

offer a US$ 1 trillion opportunity. Cloud represents the largest opportunity

under SMAC, increasing at a CAGR of approximately 30 per cent to around

US$ 750-900 billion by 2025. The social media is the second most lucrative

segment for IT firms, offering a US$ 350 billion market opportunity by 2025.

• The Indian e-commerce segment is US$ 32 billion in size and is growing at a

high rate and thereby offering another attractive avenue for IT companies to

develop products and services to cater to the high growth consumer segment.

36
 CHAPTER 3

COMPANY PROFILE

37
3.1 MINDTREE

3.1.1 Introduction

Mindtree Limited is an Indian multinational information technology and outsourcing company

headquartered in Bangalore, India and New Jersey, USA. It is part of the Larsen & Toubro

group. Founded in 1999, the company employs approximately 21,991 employees with an

annual revenue of ₹7839.9 crore (US$1.1 billion). The company deals in e-commerce, mobile

applications, cloud computing, digital transformation, data analytics, Testing, enterprise

application integration and enterprise resource planning, with more than 307 active clients and

43 offices in over 18 countries, as of 31 March 2019. In August 1999, Mindtree Consulting

Private Limited was founded by ten IT professionals, three of which invested through an entity

incorporated in Mauritius. It was funded by the venture capital firms Walden International and

Sivan Securities, and received further funding in 2001 from the Capital Group and Franklin

Templeton. It became a public company on 12 December 2006 and was listed on the Bombay

Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange. Its IPO debuted on 9 February 2007 and closed

on 14 February 2007. The IPO was oversubscribed by more than a hundred times. Mindtree

announced a new brand identity and logo, with the slogan "Welcome to possible" on 28

September 2012.In 2012, Mindtree setup its first U.S. delivery center (USDC) in Gainesville,

Florida, under the leadership of Scott Staples, co-founder and Global Head of Sales. As of

2017, the company has 43 offices in over 17 countries. Larsen & Toubro, an infrastructure

major and one of the largest conglomerates in India, took over control of Mindtree on June

2019 and currently has a 61.08% stake in the company. In March 2020, Mindtree announced

38
the appointment of Dayapatra Nevatia as COO with immediate effect. He joins the company

from Accenture where he was the managing director as well as the director for delivery for

advanced technology centres in India.

Mission: We engineer meaningful technology solutions to help businesses and societies

flourish.

Vision: Mindtree takes an agile, collaborative approach to create customized solutions across

the digital value chain.

Values:

• Collaborative Spirit

• Unrelenting Dedication

• Expert thinking

3.1.2 Services

Mindtree works in Application Development and Maintenance, Data Analytics, Digital

Services, Enterprise Application Integration and Business Process Management, Engineering

R&D, Enterprise Application Services, Testing, and Infrastructure Management Services.

The company offers various research and development services including Bluetooth Solutions,

Digital Video Surveillance, an integrated test methodology called Mind Test, an IT 35

infrastructure management and service platform called M Watch, the application management

service, Atlas, SAP Insurance and Omni Channel.

Mindtree's business is structured around clients in verticals such as Banking, Capital Markets,

Consumer Devices & Electronics, Consumer Packed Goods, Independent Software Vendors,

Manufacturing, Insurance, Media & Entertainment, Retail, Semiconductors and the Travel and

Hospitality industry.

39
Mindtree Ltd (Mindtree) is a global technology consulting and services company. It designs,

develops and maintains enterprise solutions for business to business and business-to-consumer

applications. Mindtree classifies its business operations into four reportable segments: Retail,

CPG and Manufacturing (RCM), Banking, Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI),

Technology Media and Services (TMS), and Travel and Hospitality (TH). The company has

business presence in the US, Canada, France, Germany, Switzerland, India, Malaysia, Japan,

China and Singapore.

3.1.3 Employees

Mindtree has a total of 21,991 employees as of March 2020, of which 32% were women. Its

workforce consists of employees from over 80 nationalities working from various offices

around the globe. Out of its total workforce, 95% are software professionals and remaining 5%

work in support and sales. Mindtree Limited is a holding company. The Company is an

international information technology consulting and implementation company that delivers

business solutions through global software development. The Company operates in five

segments: Retail, CPG and Manufacturing (RCM); Banking, Financial Services and Insurance

(BFSI); Technology, Media and Services (TMS); Travel and Hospitality (TH), and Others. It

offers services in the areas of analytics and information management, application development

and maintenance, business process management, business technology consulting, cloud, digital

business's, independent testing, infrastructure management services, mobility, product

engineering, and systems, applications, products (SAP) services. It has offices in India, the

United States, the United Kingdom, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Germany,

Switzerland, Sweden, the United Arab Emirates, Netherlands, Canada, Belgium, France,

Ireland, South Africa and Republic of China. We were incorporated as Mind Tree Consulting

Private Limited on August 5, 1999 by a group of ten individual promoters of which three of

them invested through an entity incorporated in Mauritius. In January 2000, an investment of

40
Rs. 169 million was made by way of subscription to Equity Shares of our Company in our first

round of funding by LSO Investment (P) Limited, a Promoter company promoted by three of

our Promoters, and Walden Software Investments Limited (managed by Walden International),

Amalgamated Holdings Limited and Vaitarna Holdings Private Limited. Shares held by

Amalgamated Holdings and Vaitarna Holdings Private Limited were transferred to Global

Technology Ventures Limited by Board meeting held on April 25, 2000. In August 2001,

Capital International Global Emerging Markets Private Equity Fund LP, Global Technology

Ventures Limited and certain of our Promoters invested a further Rs. 590 million in our

Company in a second round of funding by subscribing to convertible preference shares of our

Company. In October 2001, Franklin Templeton Holding Limited invested a sum of Rs 75.5

million into our Company by subscribing to our preference shares. Subsequently, AIG Offshore

Systems Service Inc., one of our clients also subscribed to Equity Shares and warrants in our

Company.

3.1.4 Diversity & Inclusion

Being a global organization on the cutting-edge of technology, talent and workforce diversity

is integral for business success. As an equal opportunity employer, we work with a non-

discriminatory practice that respects and values the workforce and with those we do business

with. Embracing a diverse and inclusive workforce gives us an innovative, creative,

competitive and more productive edge. Our focus on diversity and inclusion has gathered

significant momentum in 2012-13, owing to the development of our charter. Mindtree’s

diversity and inclusivity charter focuses on four pillars which we call “EDGES” – Ethnicity,

Disability, Gender and Sexual Orientation. Over the years the percentage of women at Mindtree

has nearly doubled from 16% in 2004 to 28% in 2012-13. Mindtree follows a multidisciplinary

approach to gender inclusion taking cognizance of the dual roles played by women and the

additional responsibilities that they undertake in life.

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3.1.5 Policies

We have defined policies that go a long way towards retaining women Minds. These are special

needs leave, maternity leave, sabbatical, work from home policy, flexible working hours, equal

opportunity policy, reasonable accommodation policy and prevention of harassment policy.

3.1.6 Infrastructure Support

Infrastructural arrangements such as Baby’s Day Out and Day Care Centres at our Bangalore

offices assists greatly in promoting work-life balance.

3.1.7 Employee Network Group

Dhriti is Mindtree’s Women’s Network and serves as a platform for women Minds to voice

their concerns and to share and learn from one’s own and others’ experience. It spearheads

awareness programs on gender sensitivity and inclusivity. The Dhriti Umbrella covers defining

women-friendly policies, career development programs and various e-learning and self-

development initiatives. It also serves as a grievances forum.

3.1.8 Training & Mentoring

This program is indigenous, catering to the internal learning needs of Mindtree minds and fits

into that learning space which cannot be classroom led. The program aims for the holistic

development of Mindtree Minds, at both the professional and personal levels. It provides a

focused, one on one, two-way experiential learning avenue for the mentor and the mentee.

3.1.9 Women’s Safety

Mindtree takes special focus for women’s safety in transportation. Initiatives such as escort

services, door step pick up/drop, unique auto routing software and driver training sessions are

held in this regard.

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3.1.10 Health and Wellbeing

Health and wellbeing of employees is of prime importance to us. We strive to achieve a positive

balance with all aspects governing the life of an employee. We promote a comprehensive

approach that encompasses physical, mental and emotional wellbeing. Our flagship program,

Healthy Mind Healthy Body (HMHB), Corporate Wellness Program that focuses on offering

education and opportunities to improve both physical and mental health of Mindtree Minds.

We also have B +ve, our employee assistance program where Mindtree Minds have a platform

to get neutral and objective professional assistance from qualified counsellors with complete

anonymity and confidentiality. Additionally, we have a health portal, a one-stop shop for all

health-related queries. It has a host of health-related articles, online chat sessions with

dieticians and exercise finders.

3.1.11 Management Approach

Mindtree represents a talented and diverse workforce. We strongly believe in a free and fair

workplace without any form of discrimination. This fosters a culture that embraces differences

and celebrates unique ideas, perspectives and experiences. Mindtree respects and values equal

opportunities among our workforce and with those we do business with. Our Code of Conduct

defines our actions as an ethical employer. We do not discriminate on grounds of race,

ethnicity, gender, gender-identity, language, age, sexual orientation, religion, socio-economic

status, physical and mental ability, for salary and or any other employee benefits. Mindtree’s

position on equal opportunity is strong in all aspects of employment, including recruitment,

training conditions of service, career progression, termination or retirement. All our India

locations are OHSAS 18001:2007 Certified. With this certification as our backbone, we drive

a comprehensive health and safety policy that entail workplace hazard identification, risk

assessment programs and security measures. Our practices that promote safety, health,

43
emergency response and overall wellness are frequently revised based on regulations, industry

trends and employee feedback. Our focus on human rights is tailored into our compliance

systems. We ensure compliance with labour norms such as prevention of child labour, forced

or involuntary labour and conformance to employment norms like minimum wage standards,

statutory benefits, and timely wage payment. There have been no defaults in this regard. We

respect employees’ right to freedom of association. At present, none of our employees are part

of registered trade unions.

3.1.12 Promoting Human Rights across our Value Chain

Mindtree’s suppliers undergo human rights screening as evinced by the contract signed

containing the principles of Mindtree’s supplier code of conduct. Our supplier code of conduct

as well as the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) principles, to which

we adhere, extends the responsibility of transparency and integrity to our suppliers and

furthermore facilitates sustainable sourcing. Contracted labour and vendors are required to

abide by the norms of Mindtree’s Code of Conduct while working on our premises. To imbibe

our culture of integrity across the value chain, we conduct integrity sessions for vendors and

contract staff. There have been no incidences of Code of Conduct violations or complaints for

the reporting period.

3.1.13 Customer Engagement

Mindtree takes pride in the fact that we have consistently assisted our customers build value

by engineering meaningful technology solutions and by delivering high quality services. We

have several mechanisms in place to measure Customer Satisfaction. We gather feedback

regularly through project surveys and steering committee meetings. The CES (Customer

Experience Survey) process is an annual check on the health and customer relationship

sustenance. The actions emanating from the survey drive our customer engagement and service

44
delivery improvement initiatives at different organizational levels. We have not received any

customer complaints nor have incurred any cases with regard to unfair trade practices,

irresponsible advertising or anti-competitive behaviour in the last five years.

3.1.14 Awards and Recognition:

• Mindtree has been recognized in the following reports:

• The Zinnov Zones Engineering R&D Services Report 2018

• Digital Services for Travel and Hospitality by Independent Research Firm

• The ISG Provider Lens Cloud Transformation/ Operation Services & XaaS Quadrant

Report

• The Zinnov Zones IoT Technology Services Report

• The ISG Provider Lens Next Gen Application Development Quadrant Report

• Avasant's Intelligent Automation RadarView 2018 report

• The ISG Provider Lens SAP HANA Services Quadrant Report for BW/4HANA

• ISG Recognizes Mindtree as Leader in Next-Gen Application Development and

Maintenance Services

• Mindtree named Leader for Digital Transformation and Leveraging Packaged Software

Platforms archetypes in the ISG Provider Lens Next-gen ADM Services Archetype

Report

• Zinnov positions Mindtree as a Leader in the Zinnov Zones Engineering R&D Services

Report 2018

• Mindtree Named a Leader in Digital Services for Travel and Hospitality by Independent

Research Firm

• Mindtree Recognized as a Rising Star by ISG Provider Lens US Market Quadrant

Report in IoT in Connected Cars

45
• Mindtree Recognized as a Rising Star by ISG Provider Lens US Market Quadrant

Report in Overall IoT Services

• Mindtree Announces Elevation to Business Partner Status in the Adobe Solution

Partner Program

• Mindtree Recognized as Leader in Application Development and Maintenance Services

by ISG

• Microsoft Identified Mindtree as an Azure expert for its comprehensive set of solutions

• Mindtree has been placed on The Best of The Global Outsourcing 100 list by the

International Association of Outsourcing Professionals (IAOP)

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3.2 COGNI ZANT

3.2.1 Introduction

Cognizant began as Dun & Bradstreet Satyam Software (DBSS), established as Dun &

Bradstreet's in-house technology unit focused on implementing large-scale IT projects for Dun

& Bradstreet businesses. Cognizant houses around 150,000 employees and has spanned all

over the world. There are many development centres of the company as well. There are many

units which are divided into vertical and horizontal sections. The vertical unit is for Healthcare,

Retail, Banking Services, whereas the horizontal unit focuses on mobile computing, testing,

and BPO. More than 100,000 employees work in India. The major revenue of the company is

from financial companies and then from healthcare industries.

The company also launched the Go Green initiative in the year 2008. This cause completely

focused on recycling, waste management, and energy conservation. Cognizant is the 50th

traded companies in the United States. In 1996, the company started pursuing customers

beyond Dun & Bradstreet.

In 1996, Dun & Bradstreet spun off several of its subsidiaries including Eriscon, IMS

International, Nielsen Media Research, Pilot Software, Strategic Technologies and DBSS, to

form a new company called Cognizant Corporation, headquartered in Chennai, India. Three

months later, in 1997, DBSS renamed itself to Cognizant Technology Solutions. In July 1997,

47
Dun & Bradstreet bought Satyam's 24% stake in DBSS for $3.4 million. Headquarters were

moved to the United States, and in March 1998, Kumar Mahadeva was named CEO. Operating

as a division of the Cognizant Corporation, the company focused on Y2K-related projects and

web development.

In 1998, the parent company, Cognizant Corporation, split into two companies: IMS Health

and Nielsen Media Research. After this restructuring, Cognizant Technology Solutions became

a public subsidiary of IMS Health. In June 1998, IMS Health partially spun off the company,

conducting an initial public offering of the Cognizant stock. The company raised $34 million,

less than what the IMS Health underwriters had hoped. They earmarked the money for debt

payments and upgrading company offices.

Kumar Mahadeva decided to reduce the company's dependence on Y2K projects: by Q1 1999,

26% of company's revenues came from Y2K projects, compared with 49% in early 1998.

Believing that the $16.6 billion enterprise resource planning software market was saturated,

Kumar Mahadeva decided to refrain from large-scale ERP implementation projects. Instead,

he focused on applications management, which accounted for 37% of Cognizant's revenue in

Q1 1999. Cognizant's revenues in 2002 were $229 million, and the company had zero debt with

$100 million in the bank. During the dotcom bust, the company grew by taking on the

maintenance projects that larger IT services companies did not want.

In 2003, IMS Health sold its entire 56% stake in Cognizant, which instituted a poison pill

provision to prevent hostile takeover attempts. Kumar Mahadeva resigned as the CEO in 2003,

and was replaced by Lakshmi Narayanan. Gradually, the company's services portfolio

expanded across the IT services landscape and into business process outsourcing (BPO) and

business consulting. Lakshmi Narayanan was succeeded by Francisco D'Souza in 2006.

Cognizant experienced a period of fast growth during the 2000s, as reflected by its appearance

48
in Fortune magazine's "100 Fastest-Growing Companies" list for ten consecutive years from

2003 to 2012.

In September 2014, Cognizant struck its biggest deal, acquiring healthcare IT services provider

TriZetto Corp for $2.7 billion. Cognizant Shares, rose nearly 3 percent in pre-market trading.

On 24 June, 2015, the company signed a multimillion-dollar agreement with Escorts Group in

India to help Escorts' businesses in digital transformation and modernizing its operations across

all business segments.

On 30 June 2015, it partnered with Singapore-based supermarket retailer NTUC FairPrice to

perform digital transformation in NTUC's business to improve personalized and consistent

customer service across multiple channels.

In April 2018, Cognizant and a consortium of Indian life insurers announced their development

of a blockchain solution aimed at increasing efficiency through facilitating cross-company data

sharing. The platform, which is built on Corda, a DLT platform developed by R3, was claimed

to reduce dependency on third-party data intermediaries and aggregators for obtaining

consumer profiles and policy details such as KYC due diligence, financial and medical

underwriting, risk assessment, fraud detection and regulatory compliance.

3.2.2 Mission Statement

Cognizant's single-minded mission is to dedicate our business process and technology

innovation know-how, deep industry expertise and worldwide resources to working together

with clients to make their businesses stronger.

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3.2.3 Vision Statement

One of the world’s leading professional services companies, transforming clients’ business,

operating 37 and technology models for the digital era. Our unique industry-based, the

consultative approach helps clients envision, build and run more innovative and efficient

businesses.

3.2.4 Values

• Transparency

• Passion

• Empowerment

• Collaboration

• Integrity

• Customer Focus

3.2.5 Product and Services

Cognizant provides information technology, information security, consulting, ITO and BPO

services. These include business & technology consulting, systems integration, application

development & maintenance, IT infrastructure services, Artificial Intelligence, Digital

Engineering, analytics, business intelligence, data warehousing, customer relationship

management, supply chain management, engineering & manufacturing solutions, enterprise

resource planning, research and development outsourcing, and testing solutions.

Cognizant has three areas which makes up their business - Digital Business, Digital Operations,

and Digital Systems & Technology.

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3.2.6 Cognizant Acquisitions Strategy

Cognizant is strengthening its market standing and competitiveness by acquiring and

combining new businesses. In 2016, the company completed eight business combinations for

approximately $270M. The transactions included three acquisitions meant to enhance the

company’s capabilities in the European and Australian markets, and they covered different

industries including technology, delivery centres in oil and gas services, steel and metal

products, banking and insurance. Moreover, and in addition to Cognizant strategic acquisitions,

joint ventures, investments, the company established strong partnerships and strategic alliances

with more than 120 world-class organizations. Without a doubt, that allows Cognizant to

expand its service offerings and deliver comprehensive and optimal solutions to clients. Among

the alliances and partnerships, it’s worth to mention Adobe, Amazon, Cisco, Dell, HP,

Microsoft, alphabet, Oracle, SAP, Siemens and many others. Additionally, emerging market

opportunities such as healthcare, financial services, and healthcare and insurance are among

the most important business prospects of Cognizant. In 2016, Cognizant’s financial services

revenue represented 39.8% while the healthcare business revenue represented 28.7%. In

addition to the recent acquisitions which the company completed in 2016, Cognizant is

continuously analysing and identifying opportunities for advanced automation and delivery

efficiencies in those markets using technologies such as blockchain, big data and digital

solutions. Geographically speaking, Cognizant believes that Europe, the Middle East, the Asia

Pacifica region and Latin America will continue to be areas of significant investments, seeking

more global expansion through long-term growth opportunities. In the same way, Cognizant is

implementing several important actions and approaches in order to manage its key activities to

distinguish itself in each industry. Among these activities, Cognizant believes in gaining deep

domain expertise for each industry it is operating in, by hiring professionals with in-depth

industry experience and by investing continually in industry training for the staff which bring

51
high levels of customer satisfaction. On the service level, Cognizant implements a four-tiered

global architecture delivery model with delivery centres worldwide consisted of (1) employees

co-located at customer’s sites, (2) at local or in-country delivery centres, (3) at regional delivery

centres and (4) at offshore delivery centres. The reason behind this model is to provide a high

response at competitive rates by ensuring interconnectivity of the different associates and teams

across segments and practice areas which will lead to smart and innovative solutions and thus

high customer satisfaction level.

3.2.7 Cognizant as a Top Performer

Similarly, investment in infrastructure and research and development takes the main part in

Cognizant’s strategy where the company was considered many times as one of the top

consulting providers for new technologies. For example, on Jan 20, 2016, it has been

recognized as a top performer in the Internet of Things IT Consulting report by ALM

Intelligence. Similarly, on June 1, 2016, Cognizant was named a leader in Worldwide Business

Analytics Consulting and Systems Integration in IDC Market Scape report. Additionally,

Cognizant published many programs and research centres related to Blockchain, Business

Automation, Artificial Intelligence, Digital Economy, Internet of Things and many others.

3.2.8 Business Model

Like many other IT services firms, Cognizant follows a global delivery model based on

offshore software R&D and offshore outsourcing. The company has a number of offshore

development centres outside the United States and near-shore centres in the U.S., Europe and

South America. In its early years, Cognizant gained business from a number of American and

European companies with the help of the Dun & Bradstreet brand. The company's senior

executives envisaged the firm as a provider of high-end customer services on with the six

52
contemporary major system integrators (Accenture, Bearing Point, Capgemini, E&Y, Deloitte

and IBM), but at lower prices.

3.3 UST GLOBAL

3.3.1 Introduction

UST Global is an American provider of Digital technology and transformation, IT services and

solutions, headquartered in Aliso Viejo, California, United States. Stephen Ross founded UST

Global in 1998 in Laguna Hills. The company has offices in over 25 countries including USA,

India, Mexico, UK, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Spain and Poland. UST Global

specializes in Healthcare, Retail & Consumer Goods, Banking & Financial Services, Telecom,

Media & Technology, Insurance, Transportation & Logistics and Manufacturing & Utilities.

Krishna Sudheendra is the Chief Executive Officer of UST Global.

• 1998: Stephen Ross founded the company in Laguna Hills, California Started

Operations in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India

• 1999: Acquired Pinnacle Consulting. Magnecomp International, a division of the

Singapore Listed Magnecomp Corporation, acquires an interest in UST.G. A. Menon

becomes the company's Non-Executive Chairman.

• 2000: Mr. Ross brings UST Global their first Fortune 100 customer.

53
• 2001: Becomes the fastest company to be accredited with SEI CMM level 5.

• 2002: Dan Gupta joined UST Global as its CEO.

• 2003: Expanded operations with centres in Chicago and New York.

• 2004: Expanded operations with centre in Malaysia.

• 2005: Acquired eBuilt Inc Assessed at SEI CMMI Level 5 and PCMM Level 5. Opened

BPO operations in Chennai.

• 2006: Acquired Canada-based QA Labs Inc. Initiated European operations with set up

of UK office. Acquired 36 acres (150,000 m2) of land for exclusive campusin

Thiruvananthapuram.

• 2007: Announced USD 130 million expansion plan. Expanded operations with new

centres in Kochi and Makati City. Entered the 2007 North American Offshore

Applications Services Magic Quadrant. Ranked among Best Green Outsourcers of

2007.Profiled in Independent Research Firm Report on mid-tier Providers by Forrester

Research, Inc.

• 2008: Ranked second on the 2007 Top 20 Outsourced Software Testing & QA Vendors

Report. Ranked first for Legacy Modernization Services. Positioned among the 21

companies in the 2008 North American Offshore Applications Services Magic

Quadrant.

• 2009: Established GenShare, a joint venture with GE. Expanded operations with new

delivery centre in Chile.

• 2010: Partnered Virgin Racing Formula One team for the 2010 season.

• 2011: UST Global Forms Innovation Lab Partnership with CCH.

• 2012: UST Global Acquires Andare. UST Global partners with Kony, Vidyo, Apperian

to build on its mobile strategy. UST Global opens fourth US Domestic Sourcing Centre

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 Dallas Metro area, Texas. UST Global starts operations in Mexico. UST Global’s

iDispatch earns the Vidyo Excellence Award for Customer Service.

• 2014: Became the principal sponsor of the Chennai Super Kings for three years.

Acquired Kanchi Technologies Pvt Ltd.

• 2016: UST Global inaugurates the first ever campus of their own in

Thiruvananthapuram on 9 December 2016.

• 2019 May: Sajan Pillai retires from CEO. Krishna Sudheendra is elevated as CEO.

3.3.2 Mission Statement

we seek the opportunity to build long-lasting, strategic relationships.

3.3. vision Statement

Through business, we foster a strong sense of corporate social responsibility. UST Global was

founded with intention to be a successful business that serves the greater good in society. Our

goal is to contribute positively to the communities that we operate in.

3.3.4 Values

• Humility

• Humanity

• Integrity

3.3.5 Services

UST offers services in areas like digital transformation, cybersecurity, data Analytics, data

Engineering, technology and digital consulting, supply chain management, cloud

infrastructure, developer productivity, quality engineering, IT talent sourcing, innovation as a

service, legacy modernization, human-centered design, AMS, semiconductor engineering, IOT

55
engineering, intelligent process automation, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and

technology strategy, intelligent automation and BPaaS. Examples of specific services include:

Cloud

In 2020, UST released UST CloudDesk and UST MultiCloud Manager. UST CloudDesk

enables enterprises to move workloads between different cloud platforms. UST MultiCloud

Manager, an IT-as-a-service platform, allows its users to have a zero-touch, single-pane view

of their entire IT environment.

Digital Transformation

In 2020, UST announced a mobile-based international transactions application blockchain for

a Spanish multinational commercial bank and financial services company. The application

allows end customers to complete international transactions in minutes vs. the original four to

five working days.

DevOps

UST offers development and operational services such as data management, analysis, and

automation for DevSecOps, and digital and cloud transformation. This includes its product,

PACE, used for implementing and optimizing cloud-native DevOps.

In July 2020, UST invested in Smart Software Testing Solutions (SSTS) Inc. to incorporate

intelligent testing and digital validation for its Software Validation and Test

Automation. SSTS’s platforms allow testers to perform manual and automation testing on more

than 5000 device-browser combinations.

Cybersecurity

In July 2020, UST’s company CyberProof became an official member of the Microsoft

Intelligent Security Association. CyberProof monitors security alerts and suspicious events

56
collected from internal and external customer data sources and detects threats in cloud and on-

premises infrastructure threats.

Innovation

UST has employees in countries including the U.S., UK, India, and Malaysia. The first

Malaysian Lab opened in January 2020. Through the Labs, UST employees are exposed to new

technologies and receive access to top R&D institutions and disruptive start-ups from around

the world.

3.3.6 Awards & Recognitions

• Cybersecurity Breakthrough Award, October 15, 2019, in Recognition of Outstanding

Information Security Services.

• Cyber Defense Global Awards for Cutting Edge Managed Detection and Response.

• CyberProof wins 16th Annual Info Security PG’s 2020 Global Excellence Awards,

February 2020.

• CyberProof wins InfoSec Awards, February 2020.

• Top Case Study Award for Digital Excellence from Information Services Group (ISG)

- recognized UST as a leader in digital excellence and gave recognition for UST’s role

in one of the top 25 examples of digital transformation in 2020.

• Business Culture Award 2020 for “Best International Initiative for Business Culture.

• Recognized as “Champion of Inclusion” and one of the “100 Best Companies for

Women in India 2020” by Working Mother and Avtar.

• Krishna Sudheendra named as one of the “25 Highest Rated CEOs During the COVID-

19 Crisis” in the U.S.

• UST was certified as a “Great Place to Work” in the UK in 2020.

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 • UST has been certified as a Top Employer by the Top Employers Institute (TEI) in

India, USA, UK, Malaysia, Mexico, Spain, Singapore and Philippines for 2021.

• UST received ISG’s 2020 Top Case Study Award for Digital Excellence.

• Tastry, one of UST’s strategic investments, was named a ‘Cool Vendor’ by Gartner for

using sensory science to improve the wine industry.

• UST was ranked as one of Glassdoor’s Best 31 Tech Companies to Work For in 2020.

• In 2020, UST was recognized as a top 'Disruptor' by Avasant in their RadarView market

assessment which recognizes the Top-Tier providers enabling Digital Transformation

in the Healthcare sector.

• In Avasant's RadarView market assessment covering the Retail and CPG Digital

Services space, UST was recognized as a top innovator in 2020-2021.

• CyberProof Inc., a UST company, was recognized as a leader in a 2020 Forrester

Research evaluation of MSSPs.

3.3.7 CyberProof

▪ CyberProof is a fully owned subsidiary of UST Global and founded in 2017 as a

Development and Operations Center in Tel Aviv, Israel.The company provides a

security platform that intelligently manages cyber incident detection and response.In

January 2018, UST Global acquired BISEC, a cybersecurity company, for 5.8 million

Dollars and integrated the technology into CyberProof.

▪ CyberProof is headquartered in Aliso Viejo, California, United States and has regional

offices in London, United Kingdom; Trivandrum, India; Singapore and Barcelona,

Spain. As of 2020, the company has approximately 150 employees worldwide.Tony

Velleca is the CEO of 42 CyberProof and is a CISO at UST Global. Yuval Wollman is

58
 President of CyberProof and is responsible for the company’s Israel-based

Development & Operations.

3.3.8 Acquisitions

• UST invests and acquires companies.

• In January 2004, UST acquired eBuilt Inc.

• In March 2012, Andare, a mobile applications company, was acquired by UST.[32] In

January 2014, the company acquired Testhouse Consultores S.A., the Spanish arm of

UK-based Testhouse Limited.

• In May 2014, UST acquired Kanchi Technologies, a Milwaukee-based engineering

company, and Xpanxion, a technology firm. Xpanxion provides cloud-based business

application development, mobile application development, software testing services,

and technology and business consulting.

• In July 2014, UST invested in xTV, an online TV platform, and acquired Renaissance

Solutions, a Singapore-based recruitment specialist. In April 2015, UST acquired

FogPanel to boost cloud infrastructure management.

• In September 2017, UST invested in MyDoc, a Singapore-based digital healthcare firm,

to drive population-wide digital health programs, including disease management and

health data tracking.

• In January 2018, Cyberpoof, a cybersecurity company of UST, acquired Bisec, an

Israeli startup that created a platform to help security teams collaborate. The following

month, UST acquired American technology startup and Gartner Cool Vendor, Pneuron

in an effort to improve its data analytics services. In September 2018, UST acquired

SeviTech Systems, a chip design services firm based in Bengaluru.

59
• In October 2019, the company acquired SCM Accelerators to help grow its SAP

business.

• In November 2019, UST acquired Contineo Health, a healthcare technology consulting

firm that specializes in electronic health records (EHR), ComplyUSA, a compliance

assessment and privacy automation platform, and AI startup, Cogniphi Technologies.

• In December 2019, Necsia Cybersecurity Division was acquired. The company is a

security provider in Spain and the security division of Necsia Group, specializing in

cybersecurity and digital transformation services. The company was merged into the

CyberProof security services portfolio after the acquisition.

• In June 2020, UST invested €1.3 million in Ksubaka, a UK-based startup. The portfolio

includes gamified tools to engage and keep customers safe post-covid. The following

month, UST invested in Smart Software Testing Solutions, a software testing and

product company, that utilizes SaaS platforms pCloudy and OpKey.

• In August 2020, UST invested in Tastry, an AI company that studies how human senses

interpret product chemistry.

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 CHAPTER 4

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS

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4.1 SWOT Analysis

SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis is a framework used to

evaluate competitive position and develop Strategic planning. SWOT analysis assess internal

and external factors, as well as current and future potential. Strength of a company could be in

managing the branding process quickly and comprehensively. Its Weaknesses could lie in the

distribution of products, or payment delays. These are internal problem or issues and have to

be understood and dealt with on an ongoing basis. Often consultants are called in to assess

these two aspects on the belief that an outsider could give more insights into the company. The

two external factors, Opportunities and Threats, are not in the company's control. The

environment, composed of Social, Economic, Legal, Regulatory, National and even

international events, has to be continuously scanned to track these.

STRENGTHS

They are the resources, skills or an advantage a firm enjoys related to its competitors. A

company's strength may be their financial resources, technical support, Goodwill, position in

market etc.

WEAKNESSES

They are the drawback that act as a barrier to success or growth. This drawback could be in

terms of deficient skill, lack of resources, depth of capabilities etc.

OPPORTUNITIES

Any situation that appears to be favour of the environment of the firm is called opportunity.

Some Opportunities are introduction of new technology, improvement in seller customer

relationship etc.

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THREATS

They are just opposite of opportunity. A threat refers to an extreme unfavourable situation in

the firm’s environment. They may be slow market growth, increasing buying power of

customers, change in government policies etc.

4.1.1 SWOT OF MINDTREE

STRENGTHS

• Stocks where Mutual Funds Increased Holdings in Past Month

• Consistent Highest Return Stocks over Five Years - Nifty500

• Rising Net Cash Flow and Cash from Operating activity

• Company with high TTM EPS Growth

• Strong Annual EPS Growth

• Good quarterly growth in the recent results

• Growth in Net Profit with increasing Profit Margin (QoQ)

• Company with No Debt

• Increasing Revenue every Quarter for the past 4 Quarters

• Increasing profits every quarter for the past 3 quarters

• Strong cash generating ability from core business - Improving Cash Flow from

operation for last 2 years

• Company able to generate Net Cash - Improving Net Cash Flow for last 2 years

• Company with Zero Promoter Pledge

WEEKNESSES

• Companies with growing costs YoY for long term projects

• Broker downgrades in price or recommendation in the past one month

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OPPORTUNITIES

• RSI (relative strength index) indicating price strength

• Highest Recovery from 52 Week Low

• Brokers upgraded recommendation or target price in the past three months

• High Momentum Scores (Technical Scores greater than 50)

THREATS

• Stocks with Expensive Valuations according to the Trendlyne Valuation Score

• Stocks with high PE (PE > 40)

4.1.2 SWOT OF COGNIZANT

STRENGTHS

• International exposure

• Less debt

• Strong growth of services sector

WEEKNESSES

• Limited off shore sites

• Less pressure in emerging markets

• Small business units and brand portfolio

OPPORTUNITIES

• Chasing potential markets

• Consolidation

• Take government projects

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THREATS

• Increasing competition

• Tough business environment

• Decreasing profitability

4.1.3 SWOT OF UST GLOBAL

STRENGTHS

• Strong Brand Portfolio

• Cost advantage due to a presence in India

• Provides strong end to end business solutions

• Strategic Association

WEAKNESSES

• Not covering growing markets

• High Attrition rate

OPPORTUNITIES

• Growth in spend on Digital Transformational Technologies

• Increasing demand for cloud-based solutions

• Focus on emerging markets

THREATS

• Intense competition

• Changes in US immigration laws

• Rising wage inflation in India

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4.2 Porters Five Force Model

The Porter Five Forces model is a framework used for analysing a company's competitive

environment. The power and number of a company's competitive rivals, suppliers, customers,

potential new market entrants, and substitutes products that influence a company's profitability.

These five forces are:

• Competition among the existing Business Players – Each company tries to eat into other

company’s market share though we talk of business ethics when it comes to market share wars.

War between companies can go to any extent when they are faced by competition. In a given

market and in a given sector the existing players are always on a look out to replicate each

other’s products or strategies at any given time. The competition among the existing players

becomes very ugly. When these players try to poach each other’s good employees. Customers

are always right since they are the decision makers.

• Bargaining Power of the Suppliers – Michael Porter says that the market is full of lobbies.

Suppliers have a strong lobby. They decide their supplies in the sense whom to supply, what

to supply, where to supply, credit units, discounts, rebates, etc.

• Bargaining Power of the Buyers – Like the suppliers, the buyers also have a lobby. For

example: in a given business sector the existing corporations come together to bargain prices,

quality, ingredients, credit, limits with the suppliers.

• Threat of Substitutes – Michael Porter says that the substitution can kill a product in its early

production life. So, an enterprise has to keep watching that how the substitutes are behaving in

the market. Too many substitutes mean that the market is over competitive.

• Threat of New Entrants – The new entrants’ means when new enterprises enter a market,

they are full of enrgy and freshness. New ideas, new workforce, new style products and services

66
make them vibrant. In a market at a time if 2 to 3 new entrants come, they can spoil the market

scenario because the customers get puzzled with a wide range of products on the shelf.

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 4.2.1 Porter’s Five forces Analysis of IT Industry

Bargaining Power of Buyers

In an industry as large as Information Technology, the term "buyers" or “customer” mentions

to nearly everybody in the world. While there are nations that are behind technologically,

most the locations in the world have access to computers as well as the internet. As there are

large number of buyers, it is safe to say that the buyers control the Information technology

industry. There are a lot of choices for a buyer (many firms in this industry) and there are

only very low switching costs, so customers aren't naturally "locked- in" to one company.

Buyers are sensitive to cost, but Information Technology products and services are necessary

to the good running of businesses, so they are keen to spend a lot of money to get a good

product or services. There are naturally many communications between buyers and IT

Organisations because of the need for constantly upgraded technology, training to use

products and an abundance of advertising.

Threat of New Entrants

The Information technology industry is comparatively attractive to newcomers due to its

appealing customer base and rapid growth. Similarly, the industry is unattractive to new

companies due to the cost advantage large-scale incumbents possess, Government policies,

and the major established brands already in the industry. Any new companies in this industry

can assume a strong retaliation from the current players, which is a major reason this industry

is not too attractive. One of the best way for a new entrant in this field to be successful would

be if they had a new idea for a product or service; One thing a new company could exploit is

the lack of differentiation in the IT industry As a whole, the IT industry isn't largely

attractive, but it is routine and profitable enough that a lot of company try and enter it. Many

new companies try to enter this industry but only a few of them survive.

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Threat from Substitutes

There is no large threat from substitutes to the IT industry, mostly due to the fact that there

aren't true substitutes. Internal IT department can be said as a substitute but it has lost its

significant and also became thinner in number.

Rivalry Among Existing Players

The IT industry is recognized for its fast growth, effectiveness, and competition. One of the

factors due to which many new companies are not successful is the intense completion

between existing players. Big companies in this industry take advantage of economies of

scale, which is valuable. Most of the Products in this industry are well branded and incline to

have a stronger customer base. Market share of the industry is unevenly spread among

current players, who are often in various kinds of legal and advertising battles with one

another.

4.3 BCG Matrix (Boston Consultancy Group)

The BCG matrix is a strategic management tool that was created by the Boston Consulting

Group, which helps in analysing the position of a strategic business unit and the potential it has

to offers by company’s products and services in an effort to help the company decide what it

should keep, sell, or invest more in. The matrix plots a company’s offerings in a four-square

matrix, with the y-axis representing the rate of market growth and the x-axis representing

market share. It was introduced by the Boston Consulting Group in 1970 The BCG growth-

share matrix breaks down products into four categories, known heuristically as "dogs," "cash

cows," "stars," and “question marks.” Each category quadrant has its own set of unique

characteristics.

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1. Dogs (or Pets)

If a company’s product has a low market share and is at a low rate of growth, it is considered

a “dog” and should be sold, liquidated, or repositioned. Dogs, found in the lower right quadrant

of the grid, don't generate much cash for the company since they have low market share and

little to no growth. Because of this, dogs can turn out to be cash traps, tying up company funds

for long periods of time. For this reason, they are prime candidates for divestiture.

2.Cash Cows

Products that are in low-growth areas but for which the company has a relatively large market

share are considered “cash cows,” and the company should thus milk the cash cow for as long

as it can. Cash cows, seen in the lower left quadrant, are typically leading products in markets

that are mature. Generally, these products generate returns that are higher than the market's

growth rate and sustain itself from a cash flow perspective. These products should be taken

advantage of for as long as possible. The value of cash cows can be easily calculated since their

cash flow patterns are highly predictable. In effect, low-growth, high-share cash cows should

be milked for cash to reinvest in high-growth, high-share “stars” with high future potential

3.Stars

Products that are in high growth markets and that make up a sizable portion of that market are

considered “stars” and should be invested in more. In the upper left quadrant are stars, which

generate high income but also consume large amounts of company cash. If a star can remain a

market leader, it eventually becomes a cash cow when the market's overall growth rate declines.

4.Question Marks

Questionable opportunities are those in high growth rate markets but in which the company

does not maintain a large market share. Question marks are in the upper right portion of the

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grid. They typically grow fast but consume large amounts of company resources. Products in

this quadrant should be analysed frequently and closely to see if they are worth maintaining

5.Special Considerations

The matrix is a decision-making tool, and it does not necessarily take into account all the factors

that a business ultimately must face. For example, increasing market share may be more

expensive than the additional revenue gain from new sales. Because product development may

take years, businesses must plan for contingencies carefully.

4.3.1 BCG of Mindtree

Star

The customer success services and cloud is the star in the BCG matrix of Mindtree. It operates

in a market that shows potential in the future. Mindtree should vertically integrate by acquiring

other firms in the supply chain. This will help it in earning more profits as this Strategic

business unit has potential. In 2021, customer success services made up high market share and

low market growth of Mindtree Ltd.

Cash Cow

The supplier management service strategic business unit is a cash cow in the BCG matrix of

Mindtree. This has been in operation for over decades and has earned Mindtree a significant

amount in revenue. The market share for Mindtree is high, but the overall market is declining

as companies manage their supplier themselves rather than outsourcing it. The recommended

strategy for Mindtree is to stop further investment in this business and keep operating this

strategic business unit as long as its profitable.

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Dogs

These products or services are the problems for the company, as the product or services in this

quadrant have a low market share and low growth rate. Organization should try to recover from

the situation or else must shut down the operations so that the money could be used on other

products or services. Mindtree data and intelligence can be considered as the dog as it has low

market share and low market growth.

Question Mark

Enterprise IT services comes under question mark because it has a high market growth and low

market share.

STAR QUESTION MARK

Customer Success Service Enterprise IT Services

Cloud

CASH COW DOG

Supplier Management Service Data and Intelligence

4.3.2 BCG Matrix of Cognizant

Stars

Cognizant, a leading Information technology services, has been known as a Leader for

Information Technology Infrastructure Services. BPO – Business Process Outsourcing

Services is the market leader in giving creative business solutions across various industry

verticals to meet customers' business effectiveness and efficiency objectives. It gives high-

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quality domain led transaction processing services leveraging technology to transform

operations on Cognizant.

Cash Cows

Application Development and Maintenance of Software Products are the strategic business

unit is a cash cow in the BCG matrix of Cognizant.

Dogs

• None

Question Marks

Cognizant provides integrated consulting services, end-to-end IT solutions and services to

help customers change business in the right way. they expand their unparalleled technical

expertise and deep industry knowledge to improve best in class, custom solutions that made

your business more efficient, agile, and responsive to customer needs and market demand.

Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) defines the outsourcing of main information-

related business activities which are very important or form a major part of a company's value

chain.

STAR QUESTION MARK

Infrastructure Services ITO – Information Technology Outsourcing

BPO Consulting services

CASH COW DOG

Application Development and Maintenance

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4.3.3 BCG Matrix UST Global

Star

This is the richest quadrant, which has the main products of the company, as it is the

primary revenue generator for the company. The DevOps and Digital transformation services

in this quadrant has high market share and low market growth rate. This clearly reflect

towards the high cash inflow than outflow.

STAR QUESTION MARK

DevOps

Digital Transformation

CASH COW DOG

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 CHAPTER 5

FINDINGS, FUTURE PROSPECTUS AND CONCLUSION

75
5.1 Findings

From the study of Mindtree, Cognizant and UST Global, it is evident that with its apparent

success in the present they are likely to face problems that will be evident in the near future.

Although they are the leading companies in its chosen field of IT industry, the dominance and

the monopoly that it enjoys can be erased and its dominance in the market can be eclipsed by

other new companies in the industry. The report has identified several problems inherent to the

company and have highlighted the effects that these negative factors will bring on the overall

stability of the company in the future. Problems such as poor designs, the challenge of other

competitors and tightening government control are some of the hindrances that will eventually

obstruct these companies in its road to progress.

To eliminate and to diminish the impact of these problems and difficulties, these companies

must undertake needed reforms and initiate policies that will improve certain aspects of the

company. These adaptability and changes helped them to maintain as a tough competitor and

strong player in the market. In spite of the high growth of competitors the future of these

companies is bright and can actually help to make the market more balanced in terms of

decreasing the monopoly of any single player.

From the study of these companies, I learnt about number of new technological advancements

and the overall growth that it has already achieved. From producing database, using advanced

technologies and server solutions, how it has evolved into a new age companies that may

possibly drive the next technological decade. We earlier had a primitive knowledge of how

these companies helped the society, but by learnings its implementation and future plans of

technology, it is driving towards a new dawn, driven by Artificial Intelligence, Machine

Learning, Quantum Computing using Big Data and Analytics. This was very fascinating and

76
seems like a scientific movie which is too good to be true. But with fast paced world today,

these are indeed necessary and imminent.

5.2 Future Prospects

The future of the Indian Information Technology industry will be shaped by economic forces

and the adoption of the new technologies. To survive the highly competitive market, it is very

much indeed significant that the companies are globally connected with a critical focus on

digital transformation. With the varying mind-set of consumers, it is very obvious that

innovation and technology initiation across the domain is very essential to survive the

competitive market. Also, being proactive with solutions for the estimated challenges makes

the firms to utilize its resources by improving customer confidence towards the products and

platforms. This will lead the firms to be on par with the required conditions in the market.

Globalization has had a profound impact in shaping the Indian Information Technology

industry. Over the years, verticals like manufacturing, telecom, insurance, banking, finance and

lately the retail, have been the growth drivers for this sector. But it is very fast getting clear that

the future growth of IT and IT enabled services will be fuelled by the verticals of climate

change, mobile applications, health care, energy efficiency and sustainable energy. The near

future of Indian IT industry sees a significant rise in share of technology spend as more and

more service providers both Indian and global target new segments and provide low cost,

flexible solutions to customers.

India, as compared to other western countries, in the past has been considered as slow when it

comes to IT and ITES development but with the Government now taking stringent steps to fast

forward the implementation of new technologies. Joining hands with the Indian Government,

is now one of the most chief companies in the country that works to strategies, implement and

77
execute the next generation tech like Artificial Intelligence, Smart Cities, Blockchain, Internet

of Things, and more.

A collaborative effort from all stakeholders will be needed to ensure future growth of India’s

IT sector. We will need to rise up to the new challenges and put in dedicated efforts toward

providing more and more of end-to-end solutions to the clients to keep the momentum going.

Globalization has had a profound impact in shaping the Indian Information Technology

industry. Over the years, verticals like manufacturing, telecom, insurance, banking, finance and

lately the retail, have been the growth drivers for this sector. But it is very fast getting clear that

the future growth of IT and IT enabled services will be fuelled by the verticals of climate

change, mobile applications, health care, energy efficiency and sustainable energy. The near

future of Indian IT industry sees a significant rise in share of technology spend as more and

more service providers both Indian and global target new segments and provide low cost,

flexible solutions to customers.

India, as compared to other western countries, in the past has been considered as slow when it

comes to IT and ITES development but with the Government now taking stringent steps to fast

forward the implementation of new technologies. Joining hands with the Indian Government,

AeoLogic, is now one of the most chief companies in the country that works to strategies,

implement and execute the next generation tech like Artificial Intelligence, Smart Cities,

Blockchain, Internet of Things, and more.

A collaborative effort from all stakeholders will be needed to ensure future growth of India’s

IT sector. We will need to rise up to the new challenges and put in dedicated efforts toward

providing more and more of end-to-end solutions to the clients to keep the momentum going.

78
5.3 Conclusion

As part of the study, I have gone through the history of Information Technology (IT) sector in

India, how it evolved over the time, what are basic functions of IT sector, what were the

services offered by IT sector, what were the specific categories in IT sector, which all are the

major IT companies present in India etc. The main objectives for conducting the study was to

obtain more information regarding the functions and activities carried out by IT companies,

which all were the latest technologies that are been used by IT companies, to get a brief

information about the managerial aspects of IT companies, the services and products that are

provided by them, the latest trends in IT sector etc. Also, I was supposed to take three

companies from the selected sector and do a detailed study upon its activities, functions and

services provided in a detailed manner. The companies that were selected by me in IT Sector

for the study were Mindtree, Cognizant and UST Global.

Due to the pandemic situation, we were not able to get an industrial hands-on experience and

gain more practical knowledge about the industry, therefore we were advised to follow a desk-

based study about a particular sector and to prepare a report on the basis of data that we have

gathered from various secondary data sources like journals, newspapers, websites and various

books and publications. Because of the data which was sourced from the secondary sources we

have faced some difficulties and also there was time constraints.

By the study conducted on the Information Technology sector and its activities, I was able to

understand the history of IT sector and how it was evolved over the time and understood its

main functions and characteristics and also, I was able to analyse three main IT companies in

order to analyse its functions and prepare report on the basis of the study.

79
Bibliography

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindtree

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognizant

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UST_(company)

https://www.conduiraonline.com/index.php/detail/2250-mindtree-company-profile-vision-

and-mission

https://www.mindtree.com/

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