Galala University

a) Faculty of Science
b) Department of Mathematics
c) Math 131 - Statistics

Sheet 6
1. Verify that the following function is probability density function, and
determine the requested probabilities
2𝑥 + 1
𝑓(𝑥) = , 𝑥 = 0,1,2,3,4
25
a. 𝑃(𝑥 = 3)
b. 𝑃(2 ≤ 𝑥 < 4)
c. Evaluate the Expected Value and Variance
d. Evaluate 𝐸((2𝑥 − 1)2 ) and 𝑉(5𝑥 + 2)
Solution
𝑥 0 1 2 3 4
𝑓(𝑥) 1 3 5 7 9
25 25 25 25 25
𝑓(𝑥) is probability density function if
1. 𝑓(𝑥) ≥ 0

2. ∑ 𝑓(𝑥) = 1

1 3 5 7 9 25
+ + + + = =1
25 25 25 25 25 25
7
a. 𝑃(𝑥 = 3) =
25
5 7 12
b. 𝑃(2 ≤ 𝑥 < 4) = 𝑃(2) + 𝑃(3) = + =
25 25 25

𝑥 𝑃(𝑥) 𝑥𝑃(𝑥) 𝑥 2 𝑃(𝑥)

0 1 0 0
25
1 3 3 3
25 25 25
2 5 10 20
25 25 25
3 7 21 63
25 25 25
4 9 36 144
25 25 25
70 230
= 2.8 = 9.2
25 25
𝜇 = 𝐸(𝑥) = ∑ 𝑥𝑃(𝑥) = 2.8

𝐸(𝑥 2 ) = ∑ 𝑥 2 𝑃(𝑥) = 9.2

𝜎 2 = 𝑉𝑎𝑟(𝑥) = ∑ 𝑥 2 𝑃(𝑥) − 𝜇 2 = 9.2 − (2.8)2 = 1.36

𝐸[(2𝑥 − 1)2 ] = 𝐸(4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 + 1) = 𝐸(4𝑥 2 ) − 𝐸(4𝑥) + 𝐸(1)

= 4𝐸(𝑥 2 ) − 4𝐸(𝑥) + 𝐸(1) = 4(9.2) − 4(2.8) + 1 = 26.6

𝑉(5𝑥 + 2) = 𝑉(5𝑥) + 𝑉(2) = 25𝑉(𝑥) + 0 = 25(1.36) = 34

2. A telemarketer makes six phone calls per hour and able to make a
sale on 30% percent of these contacts. During the next two hours, Find:

a.The probability of making exactly four sales.

b. The probability of making no sales.
c. The probability of making at least two sales.
d. Evaluate The mean and the standard deviation of the distribution
Solution
𝑛 = 12, 𝑃 = 0.3, 𝑞 = 1 − 𝑝 = 1 − 0.3 = 0.7
𝑎. 𝑃(𝑥 = 4) = 124𝐶 (0.3)4 (0.7)8 = 0.2311

12
𝑏. 𝑃(𝑥 = 0) = 0𝐶 (0.3)0 (0.7)12 = 0.0138

𝑐. 𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 2) = [1 − 𝑃(𝑥 < 2)]

= 1 − [𝑃(𝑥 = 0) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 1)]

= 1 − [ 120𝐶 (0.3)0 (0.7)12 + 121𝐶 (0.3)1 (0.7)11 ]

𝜇 = 𝑛𝑝 = (12)(0.3)

𝜎 2 = 𝑛𝑝𝑞 = (12)(0.3)(0.7)

𝜎 = √𝑛𝑝𝑞 = √(12)(0.3)(0.7)
3. In each of 4 races, the Democrats have a 60% chance of winning.
Assuming that the races are independent of each other, what is the
probability that:

a. The Democrats will win 0 races, 1 race, 2 races, 3 races, or all 4 races?
b.The Democrats will win at least 1 race
c. The Democrats will win a majority of the races
d. Evaluate The mean and the standard deviation of the distribution
Solution
𝑛 = 4, 𝑝 = 0.6 𝑞 = 0.4
4. Suppose 5 of 25 subcompact automobiles require adjustment of same
kind.
Four subcompacts are selected at random, what is the probability that:
a.Exactly one will require adjustment.
b. at least one requires adjustment
I. Solve the problem if the samples are drawn with-out replacement.
II. Solve the problem assuming the sampling is done with replacement.
 5. The number of patients seen in the ER in any given hour is a random
variable represented by 𝑥. The probability distribution for 𝑥 is:

𝑥 10 11 12 13 14
𝑃(𝑥) 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.1
Find the probability that in a given hour:

a. Exactly 14 patients arrive.

b. At least 12 patients arrive.
c. At most 11 patients arrive.
d. What are the expected value and variance of the number of
patients arrive?
Solution
6. The probability that a randomly chosen sales prospect will make a
purchase is 0.20. If a sales representative calls on six prospects what is
the probability that the salesperson will make
a. Four sales
b. At least two sales
c. Fewer than three sales
d. Evaluate The mean and the standard deviation of the distribution
7. A coin is tossed 40 times. Let 𝑥 denote the number of heads that come up. Calculate:
a. 𝑃(𝑥 = 3)
b. P (x ≤2)
c. P (x ≥ 1)

Solution:
40 1 3 1 40−3
a. 𝑃(𝑥 = 3) = 3 𝐶 ( 2
) (1 − 2)
b. 𝑃(𝑥 ≤ 2) = 𝑃(𝑥 = 0) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 1) + 𝑃(𝑥 = 2)
40
1 1 1 1 1 1
= 0𝐶 ( )0 (1 − )40−0 + 401𝐶 ( )1 (1 − )40−1 + 402𝐶 ( )2 (1 − )40−2
2 2 2 2 2 2
40 1 0 1 40−0
c. 𝑃(𝑥 ≥ 1) = 1 − 𝑃(𝑥 = 0) = 1 − 0𝐶 ( 2 ) (1 − 2)

Best Wishes
Statistics Team