ORGANIZATION BEHAVIOUR

AND
HUMAN RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
BA(MBANB)-542
KARACHI
UNIVERSITY
BUSINESS SCHOOL

SUBMITTED BY:

AYMUN IQBAL QURAISHI

MBA (2.5) HRM

SUBMITTED TO:

SIR ABID WASEEM

 ASSIGNMENT # 1

What is knowledge economy and why it is important?

KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY:
Definition:
“A system of consumption and production which is based on intellectual capital is
known as Knowledge Economy.”
INTRODUCTION:

A driving demand for skilled labor and stimulating and upgrading skills across economies is a
technological change. The emergence of a knowledge based economy has delivered a new notion of
workplace literacy, changing the relationship between employers and employees.

In knowledge based economy, for greater economic and social development organizations and people
acquire, create, disseminate and use knowledge more effectively.

The knowledge based economy explained:

Less developed countries have agricultural and manufacturing based economies.

Developing countries are manufacturing and service based economies.
Developed countries have service based economies.

Most countries economic systems are composed of each of these three major categories of economic
activity but in differing proportions related to the wealth of that country.

Examples:

Examples of knowledge based economies include:

 Research.
 Technical Support.
 Consulting.

 PILLARS OF KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY:

The World Bank defines knowledge economies according to four pillars:

1. Institutional structure that provide incentives for entrepreneurship and the use of knowledge.
2. Availability of skilled labors and a good education system.
3. Access to information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure.
4. A vibrant innovation landscape that includes academia, the private sector and civil society.

 BENCHMARK OF KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY:

 The increase in rapidity and higher capacities of data processing, improved means of communication
deals to a significant gain in productivity. According to the World Bank, the GDP of the country is a
benchmark to measure a knowledge society.

 KNOWLEDGE AND TECHNOLOGY:

Knowledge and technology are considered as the heart and mind of the global economic system.
Countries that have made progress are those where peoples are encouraged to develop competencies
and skills to become a better worker, managers, entrepreneurs and innovators.

Knowledge is the most powerful engine of production. An education system which is flexible can
underpin the knowledge economy. The investment in human capital is a key to innovation and
growth. The shift of the economy towards knowledge economy is a part of a wider plan to achieve the
nation’s vision objective.

 CHARACTERISTICS OF KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY:

 Knowledge, information and technology are the key drivers of productivity.

 Growth in high technology investment and industries.
 Growth in knowledge intensive service sectors such as education, communications and
information.
 Education is the non-finite resource. Capital gets used up but knowledge is not limited and can be
shared without losing it.
 Increased importance of tactic knowledge.
 Innovation is driven by both producers and users.
 Knowledge spillovers from one industry to another.
 Knowledge economy and high tech industry raise scope for increased automation of production
processes leading to rapid changes in the labor market.

IMPORTANCE OF KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY:

Knowledge economy can help business to be more efficient, dynamic and innovative.

 It enables product innovation and customization.

 Knowledge economy enhances the role of human capital and the firms need to attract and retain
those workers which are adapted to the new mode of economy.
 Knowledge economy helps to enhance knowledge distribution and benefits from new working
practices.
 Increasing knowledge provides new sources of economic growth and high levels of productivity.
 In knowledge economy the demand of skilled labors is potentially increased.
 ASSIGNMENT # 2

How database can help to improve business performance?

DATABASE:
Definition:
“ Database is an organized collection of structured information or data typically
stored electronically in a computer system.”

Through this the data can be easily accessed, managed, updated, modified and controlled

Using Databases to Improve Business Performance and Decision-Making

Businesses use their databases to:

 To keep track of basic transactions.

 To provide information that will help the company to run their business more efficiently.

 To help managers and employees to take better decisions.

ANALYZING AND ACCESSING THE DATA:

In large firms, special capabilities and tools are required to analyze and access the data from multiple
systems, such as:

 Data warehouse:

“A system which is used for reporting and data analysis and is considered as a core component
of business intelligence is known as Data Warehouse.”

It can stores current and historical data from key operational transactional systems for use in
management analysis, but this data cannot be altered.

 Data mart:

A data mart is a subject-oriented database that meets the demands of a specific group of
users. Data marts accelerate business processes by allowing access

A subset of a data warehouse in which a summarized or highly focused portion of the

organization's data is placed in a separate database for a specific population of users.

 Business intelligence (BI) tools:

“The technologies, applications, strategies, and practices used to collect, analyze, integrate,
and present pertinent business information. The entire purpose of Business Intelligence is to
support and facilitate better business decisions.”
Data analysis tools used for consolidating, analyzing, and accessing vast stores of data to help in decision
making, such as software for database query and reporting, tools for multidimensional data analysis
(online analytical processing), and data mining.

COMPONENTS OF A DATA WAREHOUSE

The data warehouse extracts current and historical data from multiple operational systems inside the
organization. These data are combined with data from external sources and reorganized into a central
database designed for management reporting and analysis. The information directory provides users
with information about the data available in the warehouse.

BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE

A series of analytical tools works with data stored in databases to find patterns and insights for
helping managers and employees make better decisions to improve organizational performance.
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) supports multidimensional data analysis, enabling users to
view the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions, for example: How many
dishwashers were sold in the East in June.

MULTIDIMENSIONAL DATA MODEL

The view that is showing is product versus region. If you rotate the cube 90 degrees, the face that will
show is product versus actual and projected sales. If you rotate the cube 90 degrees again, you will
see region versus actual and projected sales. Other views are possible.
 Data mining finds hidden patterns and relationships and infers rules from these to predict future
behavior. The types of information obtainable from data mining include

DATA
MINING

Associations Sequences Classifications Forecasting Clustering

Predictive analysis uses data mining techniques, historical data, and assumptions about future
conditions to predict outcomes of events, such as the probability a customer will respond to an offer or
purchase a specific product.

ASSIGNMENT # 3

Difference between data, knowledge, information, skills and abilities.

 DATA INFORMATION KNOWLEDGE SKILLS ABILITIES
A separate and The streamlined Knowledge is the Skills are the Ability is the
disorganized piece pattern of data is theoretical or proficiencies you quality of
of information. called Information. practical develop through being able to
understanding of training or do something.
a subject. experience
Data is a Information is Knowledge is It is acquired It is natural or
phenomenal fact. organized data. equipped with with practice or inbuilt.
information. learning
behavior.
This is the primary This is the This is the tertiary It can be It can be
level of wisdom. secondary level of level of developed with improved to a
intelligence. intelligence. practice. certain extent.
Data is the primary Information is Knowledge is Skills are Abilities are
form and made up of data complete. developed the underlying
foundation of and is helpful in through the attribute that
information and building transfer of can be
knowledge. knowledge. knowledge. inherited from
one’s parent.
EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE: EXAMPLE:

No. of items sold, Report card is the To know how to Having baking Stamina is the
weights, etc. information of bake a cake. and cooking ability to exert
marks obtained. skills or practice yourself.
in baking.