Bicol UniversityCollege

of EngineeringLegazpi
City
AY 2022 –

2023DEPARTMENTOFCIVILENGINEERI

NG

Experiment #5 in Chemistry for Engineers:

THERMOCHEMISTRY

Engr. Junjun A.

PajaraInstructor

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I. INTRODUCTION

Thermochemistry is a discipline of chemistry that investigates the heatinvolved in

different processes. It is derived from the phrases "thermo" (related toheat) and
"chemistry," which is the study of molecules and reactions. The heat ofchemistry is what
thermochemistry is all about.

Chemistsaresometimesmoreinterestedintheenergyproducedbychemical reactions
than in the physical results of the process. For example, theenergy required for physical
activity, intellect, and other complicated
chemicalchangesinourbodiesisgeneratedbythecontrolledburningoforganicmolecules,mostl
ycarbohydratesandlipids,withinourcells.Similarly,ourenergy-intensive civilization uses
the energy created by the combustion of
fossilfuelssuchascoal,oil,andnaturalgastomanufactureclothingandfurniture,heatandcoolyo
ur home during the winter, and drive you to school or themovies.

The notion of calorimetry, which measures changes in enthalpy that occurduring

chemical reactions, is also introduced in thermochemistry. The extent
ofthetemperaturechangeisdeterminedbytheamount of heat generated orabsorbed, as well
as the heat capacity of the track system. It employs a deviceknown as a calorimeter to
monitor temperature changes caused by chemicalprocesses. The quantity of heat emitted
or absorbed, as well as the heat capacityofthe system, affect how much the temperature
varies.

Four (4) set-ups were created in this experiment to further understand theconcept
of thermochemistry on a practical level. This laboratory activity
appliedandexperimentedwiththeconceptsofcalorimeterheatcapacity,heatofneutralization,m
etal heatcapacity, andheat of combustion.

Thisexperimentassistedstudentsinunderstandinghowheatistransferred in a system
and how certain everyday materials absorb heat. Thisadds to our understanding of the
occurrence of heat transfer in our environment.

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II. PRACTICALAPPLICATION

Energycanbeconvertedfrom one form into another, but all of the energy presentbefore a change
occurs always exists in some form after the change is completed.Energy can be defined as the
capacity to supply heat or do work. Over 90% of theenergy we use comes firstly from the sun.
Every day, the sun provides the earth withnearly 10,000 times the quantum of energy necessary
to meet all of the world’s energyrequirements for that day. Our challenge is to find ways to
convert and store incomingsolar energy so that it can be used in responses or chemical processes
that are bothaccessibleandnon-polluting.shopsandnumerousbacteriaprisonersolarenergythrough
photosynthesis. We release the energy stored in shops when we burn wood orfactory products
similar as ethanol. We also use this energy to fuel our bodies by eatingfood that comes directly
from shops or from creatures that got their energy by eatingshops. Burning coal and petroleum
also releases stored solar energy These energiesare fossilized factory and beast matter. Food
scientists use them to determine theenergy content of foods. Biologists study the energetics of
living organisms, similar asthe metabolic combustion of sugar into carbon dioxide and water.
The oil painting,
gas,andtransportationdiligence,renewableenergyproviders,andnumerousothersendeavorto find
better styles to produce energy for our marketable and particularrequirements. masterminds
strive to ameliorate energy effectiveness, find better ways totoast and cool our homes, chill our
food and drinks, and meet the energy and coolingrequirements of computers and electronics,
among other operations.

III. OBJECTIVES

● ToexperimentallydeterminetheheatcapacityofaCalorimeter
● Todeterminetheheatcapacityofametal
● Todeterminetheheatofneutralizationofareactionandtoexperimentallydetermine the
heat of combustion of an alcohol.

IV. MATERIALS/EQUIPMENT

A. PREPARATIONOFCALORIMETER(ArvinDelaCruz)
○ Styrofoam Cups
○ Calorimeter w/ lid
○ Thermometer
○ Alcohol Lamp
○ Alcohol Lamp Holder

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B. HEATCAPACITYOFTHECALORIMETER(FayeReonal)
○ 50mLDistilledWater
○ Calorimeter w/ lid
○ Thermometer
○ Beaker
○ Alcohol Lamp
○ Alcohol Lamp Holder
○ Pen
○ Notepad
C. HEATOFNEUTRALIZATION(BenjurYap)
○ Water
○ Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)
○ Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
○ WeighingScale
○ VinegarSolutionusedduringExperiment3
○ TestTube
○ Stirring Rod
○ Calorimeter
○ Thermometer
○ Notepad
○ Pen
○ Tissue
D. HEATCAPACITYOFAMETAL(JuliusPorlas)
○ Timer
○ Notepad
○ Pen
○ Aluminum Rod
○ ColdWater
○ TapWater
○ Alcohol Lamp
○ Alcohol Lamp Holder
○ Beaker (available in the lab)
○ Calorimeter Cup
○ WeighingScale
○ String
○ Thermometer (available in the lab)
○ Stirring Rod

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E. HEATOFCOMBUSTION(RiezenBesenio)
○ Beaker
○ WeighingScale
○ Insulation
○ Alcohol Lamp w/
○ 100 mLwater (H2O)
○ 30-40 mLofAlcohol forAlcohol Lamp (Ethanol/ Methanol)
○ Lighter/ Match
○ Thermometer
○ Notepad
○ Pen

V. PROCEDURE

A. PREPARATIONOFCALORIMETER(ArvinDelaCruz)
○ Beforethedayoftheexperiment,thecoffee-cupset-upshouldbeprepared.
○ Prepare at least 2 cups of styrofoam.
○ Make a cover that will fit in the cup.
○ Puttwoholesinitforthethermometer,glassfunnel,andwirestirrer.

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B. HEATCAPACITYOFTHECALORIMETER(FayeReonal)
○ Prepare all the needed materials.
○ Use a beaker to measure 50 mL of distilled water, then pour it into thecalorimeter.
Cover it with the lid. Observe the temperature of the water,thenrecord it once
it'ssteady.
○ Measure out another 50mL of distilled water. Place it into a beaker
andheatitusinganalcohollamptoapproximately300°Caboveroomtemperature.
○ Using a second thermometer, note down the temperature of the hot waterwhen the
reading is almost stable.
○ Transferthe50mLofhotwaterquicklytothecalorimeter,thenstirgently.
○ Observe the increase in temperature and note the highest temperaturereached.

C. HEATOFNEUTRALIZATION(BenjurYap)
○ Preparethe50mLacidsolutionbycombiningH2Oand3.65g(2.0M)ofHCl in a test
tube.
○ Transferthesolutiontothecalorimeterandrecorditstemperatureusingathermometer.
○ Prepare the 50 mLbase solution by combining H2O and 4 g of NaOH.
○ Pour the base solution quickly to the calorimeter together with the
acidsolution and stir gently using a stirring rod.
○ Usingthethermometer,observethetemperatureevery20secondsorsountil the
temperature stabilizes. Record the maximum temperaturereached by the
mixture.
○ Cleananddrythecalorimeterandthermometer.

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○ Repeat the same procedure using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and thevinegar
solution used during experiment 3.

D. HEATCAPACITYOFAMETAL(JuliusPorlas)
○ Prepareatimer,pen,andnotepadtoproperlyrecordtheneededquantities of the
experiment.
○ Devise a metal sample and weigh it to know its mass. For this experiment,an
aluminum rod is used.
○ Subsequent to weighing the metal sample use the same weighing scale tomeasure
the mass ofthe cold water which will be filled half full inside aCalorimeter.
○ Usingabeaker,FillithalffulloftapwaterandBoil.
○ Tomeasuretheheat capacity of the metal, submerge completely thealuminum rod
attached to a string. While doing so, record the temperatureofthe water.
○ After 5 minutes, pull the aluminum rod out of the hot water and place itdownto
the calorimeter fullof cold water.
○ Stir the cold water using a stirring rod. Record the Maximum
Temperaturereachedbythemixturethroughobservingthetemperatureevery20second
s until the temperature stabilizes.
○ Clean and dry the apparatuses used in the experiment conducted.

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E. HEATOFCOMBUSTION(RiezenBesenio)
○ Before starting, prepare an insulator for the beaker you'll be
using.Note:Thisinsulationmustbeusedtocompletelysurroundthebeakerthroug
hout this experiment.
○ Weighthealcohollampbeforesubtractingitfromthecalculationtogettheprecise
amount of fuel.
○ Tofuelthelight,prepare30to40mLofalcohol(ethanol,methanol,oranyother alcohol).
○ 100mLofwatershouldbeaddedtotheinsulatedbeaker.Afterrecordingthe water's
starting temperature, the thermometer should be placed
atopthebeaker.Thecalorimeter should thenbe covered.
○ Setthealcohollamponfiretobeginheatingthebeaker.observetheincrease in
water temperature.
○ Whenthetemperaturereaches600C,blowoutthelampimmediately.
○ Takethealcohollight,thenweighitrightaway.

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VI. DATAGATHERING

HINTs:
a. Heatlostbyhotwater=heatgained bycoldwater+heatgainedby calorimeter.
b. The heat of reaction or neutralization is the negative of the heat gained by
thecalorimeterwhich includes the water.
c. Heat lost by the hot substance = heat gained by the cold one
d. Enthalpy change during combustion/no. of moles of alcohol burnt

THERMOCHEMISTRYPRESENTATIONOFDATAANDANALYSIS
A.
Answerthefollowingquestions.Writeyourpresentation/calculationscomprehe
nsively.
1. Present all your data in a table form. One table for each set-up.
Heat Capacity of the Calorimeter

MATERIALSUSED MASS HEAT TEMPERATURE

CAPACITY
Calorimeter - C (unknown) -
ColdWater 50g 4.184 j/g°C InitialTemp:29°CFi
nal Temp:
42°CΔt=13°C
HotWater 50g 4.184 j/g°C InitialTemp:59°CFi
nal Temp:
42°CΔt=-17°C

Heat of Neutralization

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Heat Capacity of the Metal

MATERIALSUSED MASS SPECIFIC TEMPERATURE

HEAT
CAPACITY
Metal Rod 3.516g s (unknown) Initial Temp:100°C
(aluminumwir FinalTemp:27°C
e)
Water(insidethecal 100g 4.184 j/g°C InitialTemp:26°CFi
orimeter) nalTemp:27°C

Heat of Combustion of theAlcohol

2. Calculate the following:

a. Heat Capacity of the Calorimeter for Set-up 1

Δthot=42°C-59°C
= -17 °C

Δtcold=42°C-29°C
= 13°C

qhot=msΔT
= (50.0 g)(4.184 J / g×°C)(-17 °C)
= -3556.4 J

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qcold=msΔT
= (50.0 g)(4.184 J/g×°C)(13 °C)
= 2719.6 J

qcal=-qhot-qcold
= -(-3556.4 J) – 2719.6 J
= 836.8 J

Heat capacity of the calorimeter :

Ccal =836.8𝐽+4.184J/g×100g
13°𝐶
= 482.77 J °C

b. Heat of Neutralization for Set-up 2

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c. Heat Capacity of the metal for Set-up

3q(metal) = -q(water)
msΔt(metal)=-msΔt(water);Δt=t(final)-
t(initial)s(metal)=-msΔt(water)/mΔt(metal)
s(metal)= -(100 g)(4.184 j/g°C)(27-26)/ (3.516 g)(27-100)
s(metal)= -418.4 j/-256.668 g°Cs(metal)=
1.63 j/g°C

d. Heat of Combustion of the alcohol for Set-up 4.

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VII. POST LAB QUESTIONS/ACTIVITY

1. Whenthemetalistransferredfromboilingwatertothecalorimeter,willthere be any
loss of energy? Where does this energy go?
- The energy that is present in the metal is transferred towards
thecalorimeter wherein if we represent it in a scientific manner.
Thecalorimeter is the surrounding and the metal is the system.
Thesystem has energy that is to be released to which it is
thentransferredtothesurroundingwhichisthecalorimeter.Theenergystays
within the calorimeter and there is no energy loss that hasoccurred with
such a process.
2. If you used a different metal, would this raise or lower the finaltemperature of
water? a. Metal with lower specific heat capacity b. Metalwith higher specific
heat capacity
a. Metal with lower specific heat capacity
- If a metal with a lower specific heat capacity was used in
acalorimetry experiment without changing any
otherconditions,theeventualwatertemperaturewouldbelower.
b. Metal with higher specific heat capacity
- The ultimate water temperature would be greater if a metalwith
a higher specific heat was employed in a calorimetryexperiment
without changing any other circumstances.
3. Compare the values calculated to those found in literature.
3.1. Calculate the % error

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3.2. What do you think is the possible source of deviation?

Heat Capacity of the Calorimeter
- Thecalorimeterusedintheseexperimentsisthesolesubstitutefortheco
mmerciallyavailablecalorimeter.Ourhomemade calorimeter has a
far higher heat capacity than anormal one since it cannot efficiently
trap heat inside thesystem as standard ones do. It is also
conceivable that someheat escaped the closed system, causing the
temperature tofall below the intended level.

Heat of Neutralization

- Again,justanimprovisedcalorimeterwasutilizedtosurroundthesyste
m,whichfailstooffermoreprecisetemperature data inside the system.

Heat Capacity of Metal

- Thecomputedheatcapacityofaluminummatchedthatofthe standard
one.

Heat of Combustion

- The laboratory equipment used may not be well-

calibrated,rendering a result that is far from the standard one.

3.3. What can you recommend so that next time, you can come up
withvaluescloser, ifnot equal, tothe ones foundin theliterature?
- Toobtainaccuratemeasurementsandresults,useastandardcalorimeterthatisco
mmonlyusedincommerciallaboratories.Calibration of laboratory
equipment prior to use will also be of greatassistance in achieving results
that are close to, if not equal to, thestandard values.

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4. Discuss each set-up. Which processes involve

endothermic/exothermicprocesses?
- The first set-up which is getting the Heat Capacity of theCalorimeter is an
example of an exothermic process since some ofthe heat from the hot
water flowed out of the system. This involvescombining hot water (30°C
above room temperature) with roomtemperature water to determine the
heat capacity of the improvisedcalorimeter. The heat from the hot water
naturally trickled down tothe cooler one, reaching an equilibrium
temperature.
- The second set-up is an example of an exothermic process assome of the
heat from the substance flowed out of the system. Thisis caused by mixing
the vinegar solution with NaOH. Basicchemicals have a greater starting
temperature than acidicsubstances. When the vinegar solution was
combined in a separatesolution with NaOH, the heat from the NaOH was
transferred to theacidic substance until it achieved an equilibrium
temperature.
- The third set-up which is getting the heat capacity of metal is
anexample of an exothermic process. It involves soaking a
heatedmetal in cold water, after which the heat from the heated
metalflowstothe coldwater,causing thetemperature torise.
- The fourth setup is the heat of combustion, which requires heatingthe
alcohol lamp to raise the water temperature. In this
procedure,heatisapplied,andalcoholisusedtokeeptheflameburning.Thealc
ohol is burned and converted into carbon dioxide vapor. It is anexample
of an endothermic process since the energy consumedexceeds the energy
released.

5. Twoobjectshavethesamemassandwereexposedtothesameamountofheat but their

final temperature is different. Why?
- The final temperature is different because of the material of theobject.
Different elements present in an object have differentspecific heat
capacities causing the final temperature of objects tobedifferent even if
itis exposed to the sametemperature.
6. Do objects that have the same temperature have the same amount ofheat?
Explain.
- No, the mass, specific heat, and temperature of an object all have arole in
how much heat it produces. The quantity of heat will varybased on the
masses and specific heats of the row of variousobjects even if there is
temperature equilibrium.

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7. Whatisthedifferencebetweensomethingwhichishotandsomethingwhich has a
lot of heat?
- The molecules within an object move more quickly the hotter it is.
As a result, the total energy of all molecular motion within an item isits
heat. On the other hand, temperature is a measurement of theaverage heat
or thermal energy of the molecules in a substance.
8. 500g of an unknown metal of 90°C is immersed in 700 g of water at 25°Cand
their final temperature is 45°C. Calculate the specific heat capacity ofthe metal.
- Given:
(for metal) (for water)
m = 500 g m = 700 g
s=? s = 4.184 j/g°C
t(initial) = 90°C t(initial) = 25°C

(for
both)t(final)=4
5°C

Solution:
q(metal) = -q(water)
msΔt(metal)=-msΔt(water);Δt=t(final)-
t(initial)s(metal)=-msΔt(water)/mΔt(metal)
s(metal)= -(700 g)(4.184 j/g°C)(45-25)/ (500 g)(45-90)
s(metal)= -58,576 j/-22,500 g°Cs(metal)=
2.60j/g°C

Answer:Theunknownmetalhasaspecificheatcapacityof2.60j/g°C

9. Specific heat capacity of substance X is 0.91478 BTU/lb oR and that

ofsubstance Y is 0.326586 kJ/lb oR. Which one is a good conductor ofheat?
Why?
- SubstanceYhasalowerspecificheatthansubstanceX,makingita better heat
conductor between the two chemicals. This indicatesthat compared to
material X, which has a higher specific heatcapacity and hence requires
more heat to heat, relatively less heatis needed to heat it.

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10.Asubstancechangesfrom solid toliquid. Does itsspecific heat capacityremain the same?

Why or why not? Give an example.
- The specific heat capacity of a substance changes when it goes toanother
phase. When a substance changes phase its degrees offreedom changes
thus making the specific heat capacity change.One example is wood used
as building material. Its specific heatcapacitydifferswhen theroom
iscolder orhotter.
11. A1.000gramsampleoftherocketfuelhydrazine(N2H4)isburnedinabombcalorime
ter.Thetemperaturerisesfrom24.62°Cto28.16°C.Theheat capacity of the
calorimeter (including the water) is 5860 J/°C.Calculate the molar heat of
combustion of hydrazine, in kJ/mol.

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12. TheheatofneutralizationofHClbyNaOHis-55.84kJ/
molH2Oproduced.If65.00mLof2.15MNaOHisaddedto30.00mLof2.3MHCl,with
both solutions originally at 24.72°C, what will be the finaltemperature? Assume
that no heat is lost to the surrounding air and thatthe solution produced in the
neutralization reaction has a density of 1.02g/mLand a specific heat of 3.89 J/g°C.

Given:
HCI + NaOH -› NaCI + H2O
nHCL= 0.03000 L×2.3 M = 0.069 mol
HCInNaOH=0.06500L×2.15M=0.13975molNaOH

Since the stoichiometry is 1:1, by inspection the HCI is the

limitingreactant.
nH2O=0.069molH2Oproduced

Solution:
q+qsoln=0

𐤃HneutralizationxnH2O+msolncsoln𐤃Tsoln=0

The mass of the solution is calculated from density and volume:

m = 95.00 mL×1.02𝑔= 96.9 gsoln
soln 𝑚𝑜𝑙

Finally,dothealgebra:
(-55.84x103𝐽)(0.069 molHO)+ (96.9g) (3.89𝐽)(T - 24.72°C)
𝑚𝑜𝑙 2 𝑔°𝐶 f

=0
(376.941𝐽)(T
𝐶 f - 24.72°C) = 3852.96 J
(Tf-
24.72°C)=3.4760195°CTf=85.9
270°C-

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VIII. SUMMARYANDCONCLUSION

The term "heat" refers to the movement of energy out of or into a systemas a
result of a temperature difference between the system and its surroundings.It's a frequent
misperception that this kind of energy may be discovered as
aresultoftheerraticmotionofmolecules,howeverthisisnotthecase.Additionally,calorimetersa
rethetoolsthatareemployedwhileconductingchemicalprocessesthatincludethetransmissiono
fheat.Incalorimeters,insulation is employed to prevent heat from transferring from the
instrument to itssurroundings. This enables the calorimeter to precisely measure the
amount ofheat being transferred through the system. Enthalpy of reaction, abbreviated
as"AH*," is the total amount of heat produced or absorbed by a chemical reactionwhile
the pressure is held constant. if an exothermic chemical reaction occurs.The system's
temperature will increase as a result of the production of heat. If achemicalreactionis
endothermic, heat will be absorbed during the process,causing the system's temperature
to drop.The lab report gives a summary of
theexperimentsthatwereconductedtoaccomplishthegoalsthatwereestablishedin relation to
the specific topic, which are as follows: to experimentally determinethe heat capacity of a
calorimeter, the heal capacity of a metal, the heat ofneutralization of a reaction, and the
heat of combustion of an alcohol.

Thehomemadecalorimeter'sheat capacity is ascertained in the first partof the

experiment. The quantity of heat that the calorimeter can hold for eachdegree Celsius that
the temperature rises is known as its heat capacity. The ideawastestedin the experiment
by watching warm and room-temperature watermix.Equalpartsofhotandroom-
temperaturewaterarecombinedinthecalorimeter, and the equilibrium temperature is then
calculated.This was utilizedto solve for the calorimeter's heat capacity, the heat of
neutralization serves asthe foundation for the second series of investigations.

Observing the temperature change after adding equal amounts (volumeand

molarity) of NaOH and HCI to a calorimeter, then repeating the process withvinegar and
NaOH. This was utilized to solve for the calorimeter's heat
capacity,theheatofneutralization serves as the foundation for the second series
ofinvestigations.Observing the temperature change after adding equal amounts(volume
and molarity) of NaOH and HCI to a calorimeter, then repeating theprocess with vinegar
and NaOH..Understanding the idea of metals' heat capacityis the goal of the third
experiment. The majority of the group's tests were carriedout using aluminum.

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Aluminum was submerged in hot water for around five minutes in thisexperiment.
Then, the calorimeter was used to mix the hot and cold liquids
(eachliquidcontainedthesameamountofheat).Thenecessaryinformationwasgatheredand
used to calculate the heat capacity of the metal. The heat ofcombustion was the main
subject of the final experiment. In this experiment, acertain amount of water was added to
an insulated beaker, burnt in an
alcohollamp,andthenproceduresandobservationswereperformed.Theheatofcombustion
was determined from the subsequent rise in temperature.

The experimenters' ability to draw different conclusions from a

successionofperformed experiments was assisted by the outcomes and data
gatheredearlier.Duetothefactthatitis usedtomeasuretheheatproducedby achemicalreaction,
calorimetry is crucial to thermodynamics. It is necessary to isolate areaction in order to
prevent heat from escaping into the surrounding area in orderto measure the heat of the
reaction. A calorimeter is used to do this because itinsulates the process and improves the
efficiency of heat conduction. A
crucialpartofgeneralchemistryisthermochemicalreactions.Athoroughinvestigationof this
area of knowledge enables quantitative estimates of quantifiable factors aswell as
qualitative evaluation of the type of reaction. Combustion reactions are acommon type of
chemical reaction in daily life. It is occasionally vital to know theamount of energy
created in such a process in order to determine which fuelcould be the most efficient for a
certain purpose. Combustion reactions are acommon type of chemical reaction in daily
life. It is occasionally vital to know theamount of energy created in such a process in
order to determine which fuelcould be the most efficient for a certain purpose. One
essential aspect of theprocess is the movement of heat across the limits of a system that is
changing. Itiseasytomeasure,andiftheprocessinvolves a chemical reaction underconstant
pressure, it can be predicted from the difference in enthalpies of thereactants and
products. The term "thermochemistry" refers to the scientific studyandquantification of
changesin heat andenthalpy.

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IX. REFERENCES

PrinciplesofChemistry.(n.d.).RetrievedDecember9,2022,fromhttps://web.ung.edu/media/
chemistry/

Resources.GeneralChemistryI.(n.d.).RetrievedDecember9,2022,fromhttps://
www.unf.edu/~michael.lufaso/chem2045/

Thermochemistry (how is it relevant to real life? (the principles of... Coggle.

(n.d.).Retrieved December 9, 2022,

fromhttps://coggle.it/diagram/XlGE7tceShZFBo_q/t/thermochemistry

Thermochemistry.(n.d.).RetrievedDecember9,2022,fromhttps://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/
genchem/topicreview/bp/ch5/index.php

Thermochemistry. Thermochemistry - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics.

(n.d.).Retrieved December 9, 2022,

fromhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/chemistry/thermochemistry

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AnnexA CALCULATIONS

a. Heat Capacity of the Calorimeter for Set-up

1Δthot=42°C-59°C
= -17 °C

Δtcold=42°C-29°C
= 13°C

qhot=msΔT
= (50.0 g)(4.184 J / g×°C)(-17 °C)
= -3556.4 J

qcold=msΔT
= (50.0 g)(4.184 J/g×°C)(13 °C)
= 2719.6 J

qcal=-qhot-qcold
= -(-3556.4 J) – 2719.6 J
= 836.8 J

Heat capacity of the calorimeter :

Ccal =836.8𝐽+4.184J/g×100g
13°𝐶
= 482.77 J °C

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b. Heat of Neutralization for Set-up 2

c. Heat Capacity of the metal for Set-up

3q(metal) = -q(water)
msΔt(metal)=-msΔt(water);Δt=t(final)-
t(initial)s(metal)=-msΔt(water)/mΔt(metal)
s(metal)= -(100 g)(4.184 j/g°C)(27-26)/ (3.516 g)(27-100)
s(metal)= -418.4 j/-256.668 g°Cs(metal)=
1.63 j/g°C

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d. Heat of Combustion of the alcohol for Set-up 4.

PostLabQuestions:
Number 3.1

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RMOCHEMISTRY

Number 8

Given:
(for metal) (for water)
m = 500 g m = 700 g
s=? s = 4.184 j/g°C
t(initial) = 90°C t(initial) = 25°C

(for
both)t(final)=4
5°C

Solution:
q(metal) = -q(water)
msΔt(metal)=-msΔt(water);Δt=t(final)-
t(initial)s(metal)=-msΔt(water)/mΔt(metal)
s(metal)= -(700 g)(4.184 j/g°C)(45-25)/ (500 g)(45-90)
s(metal)= -58,576 j/-22,500 g°Cs(metal)=
2.60j/g°C

Answer:Theunknownmetalhasaspecificheatcapacityof2.60j/g°C

Number 9

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 Chem11–
ChemistryforEngineersExperiment5:THE
RMOCHEMISTRY

Number11

Number 12
Given:
HCI + NaOH -› NaCI + H2O
nHCL= 0.03000 L×2.3 M = 0.069 mol
HCInNaOH=0.06500L×2.15M=0.13975molNaOH

Since the stoichiometry is 1:1, by inspection the HCI is the

limitingreactant.
nH2O=0.069molH2Oproduced

Solution:
q+qsoln=0

𐤃HneutralizationxnH2O+msolncsoln𐤃Tsoln=0

The mass of the solution is calculated from density and volume:

m = 95.00 mL×1.02𝑔= 96.9 gsoln
soln 𝑚𝑜𝑙

Finally,dothealgebra:
(-55.84x103𝐽)(0.069 molHO)+ (96.9g) (3.89𝐽)(T - 24.72°C)
𝑚𝑜𝑙 2 𝑔°𝐶 f

=0
(376.941𝐽)(T
𝐶 f - 24.72°C) = 3852.96 J
(Tf-
24.72°C)=3.4760195°CTf=85.9
270°C-

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 Chem11–
ChemistryforEngineersExperiment5:THE
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Annex B MEMBER’SDESIGNATIONANDPARTICIPATION

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 Chem11–
ChemistryforEngineersExperiment5:THE
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Annex C DOCUMENTATION

IMAGE 1: Preparation of Calorimeter

IMAGE 2: Preparation for set-up 2 (Getting the Heat Capacity of the Calorimeter)

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 Chem11–
ChemistryforEngineersExperiment5:THE
RMOCHEMISTRY

IMAGE 3: Heating 50 mL of distilled water approximately 30°C above

roomtemperature

IMAGE 4&5: Initial and final temperature for set-up 2

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 Chem11–
ChemistryforEngineersExperiment5:THE
RMOCHEMISTRY

IMAGE 6: Preparation for set-up 3 (Heat of Neutralization)

IMAGE 7: Initial and final temperature for set-up 3

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 Chem11–
ChemistryforEngineersExperiment5:THE
RMOCHEMISTRY

IMAGE 8: Data gathering on set-up 4 (Heat Capacity of a Metal)

IMAGE 9: Preparation for set-up 5 (Heat of Combustion)

IMAGE 10: Data gathering on set-up 5 (Heat of Combustion)

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