MATH 10

Synchronous Session
December 1, 2022

Mr. Anthony C. Castro, M.Sc.

Facilitator
Lord, true source of light and wisdom,
give us a keen sense of understanding,
a retentive memory and a capacity to
grasp things correctly. Grant us the
grace to be accurate in our expositions
and the skill to express ourselves with
thoroughness and clarity. Be with us at
the start of our work, guide its progress
and bring it to completion. Grant this
through Christ our Lord, Amen.
Good morning! J J J
Good morning! J J J
Good morning! J J J
NEEDED MATERIALS

*NOTEBOOK
*BALL PEN
*BOOK
 MATH 10
Introduction to
Polynomial Function
and Its Zeros

Week 4: Day 1
Mr. Anthony C. Castro, M.Sc.
Facilitator
Objectives:
❑ Illustrate polynomial functions.
❑ Understand, describe and interpret the graph of
polynomial functions.
 Can you
recognize the
pictures?
 Cite examples where
Polynomial Functions can
be found in real life.

Introduction to Polynomial Functions

Can you recognize the picture?

Introduction to Polynomial Functions

Can you recognize the picture?

Introduction to Polynomial Functions

Can you recognize the picture?

Introduction to Polynomial Functions

Can you recognize the picture?

Introduction to Polynomial Functions

Introduction to Polynomial Functions
Introduction to Polynomial Functions
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS

Polynomial Equations in Standard Form

 When do you consider a polynomial
function is written in STANDARD FORM?

When the polynomial is

written in decreasing
order of exponents

Polynomial Equations in Standard Form

POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS

Polynomial Equations in Standard Form

 Classifications of Polynomial Functions
CLASSIFICATION OF
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION DEGREE
POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION

Constant Function P(x) = a0 , where a0 ≠ 0 0

Linear Function P(x) = a1x + a0 , where a1 ≠ 0 1

Quadratic Function P(x) = ax2 + bx+ c , where a≠ 0 2

Cubic Function P(x) = ax3 + bx2 + cx + d , where a ≠ 0 3

Quartic Function P(x) = ax4 + bx3 + cx2 + dx + e , where a ≠ 0 4

Quintic Function P(x) = ax5 + bx4 + cx3 + dx2 + ex + f , where a ≠ 0 5

nth degree polynomial Polynomials with a higher degree are named after their degree. n

Polynomial Equations in Standard Form

5 minutes
DRILL EXERCISE :
Consider the given polynomial functions and fill in the table below.

f(x) = 2x2 – 11x + 2 2 2 2

3
y = x3 – 5x 3 1 0
y = -x3 + 9x 3 -1 0
y = x4 + 3x3 – 5x2 – 3x + 4 4 1 4
Polynomial Equations in Standard Form
Functions vs. Equations
 POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
A POLYNOMIAL FUNCTION may also be written in
factored form and as a product of irreducible factors, that is, a
factor that can no longer be factored using coefficients that
are real numbers. Here are some examples

Illustrate the Polynomial Equations

 Express each function in a complete factored form.
1.) P(x) = (x – 1)(x2 – 5x + 6)

The polynomial function is P(x) = (x – 1)(x – 3)(x – 2).

Illustrate the Polynomial Equations
 Express each function in a complete factored form.
2.) y = x3 + x2 – 12x

The polynomial function is y = x(x + 4)(x – 3).

Illustrate the Polynomial Equations
 PRACTICE ON YOUR OWN:
Express each function in a complete factored form.

3.) f(x) = (2x2 – 5x + 3) (x – 3)

The polynomial function is P(x) = (2x - 3)(x – 1)(x – 3).

4.) P(x,y) = 2x4 + 7x3 – 4x2 – 27x – 18

The polynomial function is P(x) = (x + 1)(x – 2)(x + 3)(2x + 3).

Illustrate the Polynomial Equations

 ZEROS OF POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
The zeros of the function P(x) are
the values of x for which P(x) = 0. The zeros of a
polynomial function have the same values as
the roots or solutions of a polynomial equation
and the x-intercepts of the graph of the
polynomial function.
Zeros of Polynomial Functions
 Determine whether the following are zeros of the
polynomial function f(x) = x4 – 13x2 + 12x.
A. 0 B. 1 C. - 3
f(x) = x4 – 13x2 + 12x f(x) = x4 – 13x2 + 12x f(x) = x4 – 13x2 + 12x
f(0) = 04 – 13(0)2 + 12(0) f(1) = 14 – 13(1)2 + 12(1) f(-3) = (-3)4 – 13(-3)2 + 12(-3)
f(0) = 0 – 0 + 0 f(1) = 1 – 13 + 12 f(-3) = 81 – 117 – 36
f(0) = 0 f(1) = 0 f(-3) = - 72

Conclusion: Conclusion: Conclusion:

0 is one of the zeros of 1 is one of the zeros of -3 is NOT a zero of
f(x) = x4 – 13x2 + 12x. f(x) = x4 – 13x2 + 12x. f(x) = x4 – 13x2 + 12x.

Zeros of Polynomial Functions

 PRACTICE EXERCISE: Find the zeros of the function.

1. P(x) = (x – 1)(x2 – 5x + 6) 2. y = x3 + x2 – 12x

P(x) = (x – 1) (x – 2) (x – 3) y = x(x + 4)(x – 3)

Conclusion:
The zeros of the polynomial
functions (x – 1)(x2 – 5x + 6)
are 1, 2 and 3.
Conclusion:
The zeros of the polynomial
functions y = x3 + x2 – 12x are
-4, 0 and 3.
Zeros of Polynomial Functions
MATH 10
Synchronous Session
December 1, 2022

Mr. Anthony C. Castro, M.Sc.

Facilitator
Lord, true source of light and wisdom,
give us a keen sense of understanding,
a retentive memory and a capacity to
grasp things correctly. Grant us the
grace to be accurate in our expositions
and the skill to express ourselves with
thoroughness and clarity. Be with us at
the start of our work, guide its progress
and bring it to completion. Grant this
through Christ our Lord, Amen.
Good morning! J J J
Good morning! J J J
SKETCHING POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
 SKETCHING
1. POLYNOMIALS
Determine the DEGREE of the Polynomial Function.
NOTE : The degree determines the end behavior of the graph.

LEADING COEFFICIENTS
DEGREE
POSITIVE NEGATIVE

Even

Odd
 SKETCHING
POLYNOMIALS
y

2. Identify the zeros/roots of the

polynomial function and plot
them in the cartesian plane.
x

NOTE: The x – intercept

represents a zero of the polynomial
function.
 SKETCHING POLYNOMIALS
3. Determine the multiplicities LEADING COEFFICIENTS
of each zeros/roots. DEGREE
POSITIVE NEGATIVE
NOTE: MULTIPLICITY OF ROOTS
If r is a zero of even multiplicity, then the
1
sign of P(x) does not change from one side
to the other side of r. The graph touches 2
but not crosses the x-axis at r. (or higher
If r is a zero of odd multiplicity, then the even)
sign of P(x) changes from one side to the
other side of r. The graph crosses the x-
axis at r. 3
(or higher odd)
 Points to Remember:
The following statements are TRUE about the
graphs of any polynomial function:
❑ Any polynomial function of degree n has at most n real zeros.
❑ The graph is continuous.
❑ X – INTERCEPT : represents a zero of the polynomial function.
❑ IMAGINARY ROOTS : cannot be determined using the graph.
❑ A TURNING POINT is a point on the curve that is higher or lower than all points
located nearby. The total number of turning points on the graph of a polynomial
function of degree n is at most n – 1.
LINEAR FUNCTION : P(x) = ax
where : n = 1
If a > 0: If a < 0: y
y

x x

The graph is a LINE passing through the origin.

Power Functions
QUADRATIC FUNCTION : P(x)= ax2
where : n = 2
If a > 0: If a < 0: y
y

x x

The graph is a PARABOLA passing through the origin.

Power Functions
 GRAPHS OF POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS of DEGREE n
DEGREE LEADING COEFFICIENT GRAPH DESCRIPTIONS
The graph is increasing
Odd Positive on the right and
decreasing on the left.
The graph is decreasing
Odd Negative on the right and
increasing on the left.

Even The graph is increasing

Positive
on both sides.

The graph is decreasing

Even Negative
on both sides.

Graphs of Polynomial Functions

 Describe the given graph.

It is a EVEN
multiplicity
EVEN
POSITIVE
ODD
Function. ODD multiplicity
multiplicity
 Describe the given graph.

It is a EVEN
multiplicity
ODD
POSITIVE
Function. ODD
multiplicity
 Describe the given graph.

It is a ODD
ODD multiplicity

NEGATIVE EVEN
Function. multiplicity
 Describe the given graph.

It is a ODD ODD
multiplicity multiplicity
EVEN
NEGATIVE
Function. ODD
multiplicity
 HOW TO GRAPH POLYNOMIAL FUNCTIONS
STEP 1: Find the ZEROS of the polynomial function. This will
also be the x-intercepts.
STEP 2: Plot the x-intercepts.
STEP 3: Show the direction of the ends.
STEP 4: Connect the ends and the x-intercepts.
Graphs of Polynomial Functions
 Graph the given polynomial function and describe.
1. P(x) = x (x + 3) (x – 5)
STEP 1: Find the ZEROS of the polynomial
function. This will also be the x-intercepts.
x=0 x+3=0 x–5=0
x = -3 x=5

Description:
a. The graph is increasing on the right and decreasing on the left.
b. The graph has at most 2 turning points.
c. The graph crosses the x-axis at (0, 0), (-3, 0) and (5,0)
Graphs of Polynomial Functions
 Graph the given polynomial function and describe.
2. y = (x + 2)(x – 1)2(x – 4)
STEP 1: Find the ZEROS of the polynomial
function. This will also be the x-intercepts.

x+2=0 x–1=0 x–4=0

x = -2 x=1 x=4

Description:
a. The graph is increasing on both sides.
b. The graph has at most 3 turning points.
c. The graph crosses the x-axis at (-2, 0) and (4, 0) and it touches the x-axis at (1,0)

Graphs of Polynomial Functions

 Graph the given polynomial function and describe.
3. y = -2 (x – 3)(x + 1)3(x + 4)
STEP 1: Find the ZEROS of the polynomial
function. This will also be the x-intercepts.

x–3=0 x+1=0 x+4=0

x=3 x = -1 x = -4

Description:
a. The graph is decreasing on the right and increasing on the left.
b. The graph has at most 4 turning points.
c. The graph crosses the x-axis at (-4, 0), (-1, 0) and (3,0)

Graphs of Polynomial Functions

 Graph the given polynomial function and describe.
4. f(x) = - x3 (x + 2)2 (x – 4)
STEP 1: Find the ZEROS of the polynomial
function. This will also be the x-intercepts.

x=0 x+2=0 x-4=0

x = -2 x=4

Description:
a. The graph is decreasing on both sides.
b. The graph has at most 5 turning points.
c. The graph crosses the x-axis at (0, 0), and (4, 0) and it touches the x-axis at (-2,0)

Graphs of Polynomial Functions

 Match the related phrases and explain.
EVEN FUNCTION N–1 OPENS UPWARD

OPENS DOWNWARD ODD FUNCTION

RISING TO THE RIGHT EVEN MULTIPLICITY

ODD MULTIPLICITY TOUCHES X-AXIS TURNING POINTS

CONTINUOUS RISING TO THE LEFT CROSSES X-AXIS

Introduction to Polynomial Function and its Graphs
MATH 10
Synchronous Session
December 1, 2022

Mr. Anthony C. Castro, M.Sc.

Facilitator