What are the different forms of
business concerns ?
Manufacturing concerns ,trading
concerns and service entreprises ;
What is a manufacturing concern?
It is a firm engaged in producing
consumer goods. A factory is the word
generally used for the place where goods
are manufactured. The word plant Or
complex refers to a very big factory or to
a group of factories
What is a trading concern?
E. MAIL-ORDER FIRMS, which sell
merchandise by correspondence the
customer chooses the articles he wants
from a catalogue and returns his order
form by mail. He receives the goods he
has ordered by post.
F CO-OPERATIVE RETAIL SOCIETIES,
which are non-profit making
associations for the production or
distribution of staple goods at lower
prices to their members They achieve
their aims by operating without
middlemen.
C. AUTOMATIC VENDING small articles
such as stamps, sweets, cigarettes or
stockings sold from slot-machines in
stations, factories. offices or on shop-
fronts, etc
D STAMP TRADING the practice.
pardicularly prevalenlie in petrol station
and food shops, of giving stamps in
proportion to the value of the goods sold
which may later be exchanged for a gif
What is a service enterprise?
It is a firm supplying services to the
public.
What are the different service
enterprises?
AA.factory 1. In the
TRANSPORT United Kingdom
UNDERTAKINGS the
road
word plant
haulage, is mostshipping
railway, often used
andas a
airline
synonym
companies for the premises, machinery,
fixtures and other equipment of an
industrial concern. As a synonym of
factory, we also find the word works
(always with an s), for instance, a steel-
works, an engineering works, a gas-
works. The word mill is an older term
dating from the period when the water-
mill and windmill turned the wheels of
industry (for example, a cotton-mill, a
paper-mill). There are certain
specialized words such as refinery for oil
and sugar.
It is a firm whose activities are đirectly
concerned with transferring the
ownership of goods There are wholesale
busiseser and retail businesses ,
What are the different forms of refail
businesses?
A. SMALL RETAIL FIRMS Such as shops or
one-man businesses The shop keeper is
usually a sole trader, that is to say that he
manages his business alone, without the
help of partners This kind of business
involves conside- rable capital great
responsibility and many risks
G. FRANCHISENG BUSINESSES, which
enable small tradesmen to use the
name and guarantee of a large firm in
return for the payment of royal-
ties(About 3.8 % Of the turnover on an
avervage) 30 % of American retail trade
and is developing in Europe
H STATE UNDERTAKINGS, which have
direct retail outlets, such as gas and
electricity show-rooms
What trading techniques are being
developed ?
What are the different service
enterprises?
A. TRANSPORT UNDERTAKINGS road
haulage, railway, shipping and airline
companiesB. BANKS C. STOCK
EXCHANGES and COMMODITY
EXCHANGES (D. INSURANCE
COMPANIES EAgencies such as
commision agencies employmen t
tagencies travel agencies F. AUCTION
SALESROOMS G. BONDED
WAREHOUSES H. ESTABLISHMENTS
which constitute the service trades :
entertainment (theatres, cinemas);
- businesses2. Do not confuse business
(always singular), which means all kinds
of occupations, and businesses (always
plural), which means firms.
Deppartement Stores 3. A shop is a
place where goods of the same kind are
sold by a retailer. A store is a large retail
concern which sells goods of different
kinds.
Limited price store4. Many popular
stores were originally called one-price
stores because they sold only articles at
fixed prices (3 d, 6 d).
B DEPARTMENT STORES OR BIG STORES,
divided into many spesatized
departments (furniture department,
footwear department, etc.).
C POPELAR STORES OR LIMITED-PRICE
STORES which sell everyday articles such
as food, the cheaper clothes and
household articles today supermarkets
or shopping centres, with large car parks
for customers cares ,have been
introduced almost everywhere
D CHAIN-STORES. which have many
branches selling mass-produced aticles
on a national scale.
Traditional over the counter methods
are gradually being replaced by other
techniques such as :
A. SELF-SERVICE the shop-assistant has
been eliminated and the cus- tomers
help themselves from the shelves or
racks. The staff is limited to the
manager, the stock-boys and the
cashiers who tap out prices on a cash-
register and receive the money
B. MOBILE SHOPS specially equipped
vans which travel to isolated
communities
catering trade (restaurants, hotels,
public houses); garages, filling stations,
laundries
What does the expression « public
utility services » mean?
It includes all the undertakings which
are in charge of a form of activity
indispensable to the nation's life, such
as : British Rail, Inland Waterways and
most of the Gas, Water and Electricity
Boards. They are also called Statutory
Companies (see chapter 21).
.
– 5. Order form : printed form used by
the customer for ordering goods.
-6. Staple (adjective) : principal or basic.
A staple : an important or principal
article of commerce.
- 7. Royalties : a percentage of the sales
figure paid to the owner of a patent, a
book, a musical composition, for the
right of use