Gen Chem (2nd Mid Qtr.

) 2+
Group 2A : Mg magnesium
2+
Writing and Naming Ionic Compounds Ca calcium

Ionic Compounds- compounds that are made of Suffix (-ous and –ic)
cations and anions assembled together in a
crystal lattice.

-The bond that holds these ions together in the

lattice is called the ionic bond.

Ionic Bond- Ionic bonds are formed when there

is an electron transfer between two or more
atoms. These are stabilized by electrostatic
forces of attraction between the positively-
charged cation and the negatively-charged anion.

-When a sodium atom loses one electron in its

valence shell which is transferred to the valence
shell of a chlorine atom.

-As a result, sodium chloride is formed, and an

ionic bond is formed between the positively-
charged sodium ion and the negatively-charged
chloride ion.

Suffix (-ide)

Alkali Metals and Alkaline Earth Metal

Elements that belong to Group 1A (alkali metals

of the periodic table can give off one electron
only, which those in Group 2A (alkaline earth
metals) can lose two electrons. Thus, alkali
metals produce ions with positive one (1+)
charge, while alkaline earth metal produce two-
(+2) ions. The ion simply as the name of the
metal.
Group 1A : Na+ sodium
K+ potassium
Suffix (–ite and -ate) NaHCO3
-sodium hydrogen carbonate
-sodium bicarbonate

CaS is named as calcium sulfide.

Mn2O3 is named as manganese (III)

oxide or manganic oxide.

(NH4)2SO3 is named as ammonium

sulfite.

Tips

-You can use the criss-cross method in writing the

chemical formula of ionic compounds. To use this
method, take the absolute value of the cation’s
charge and use it as the subscript of the anion in
the chemical formula. Then, take the absolute
value of the anion’s charge and use it as the
subscript of the cation in the chemical formula. Writing and Naming Covalent Compounds
Finally, reduce the subscripts to their simplest
Covalent compounds- are compounds that are
ratio.
formed when two or more nonmetals form a bond
Formulas of Ionic Compounds with with each other.
-The bond that holds these nonmetals together is
Polyatomic Ions
stabilized by electron-sharing and is called a
covalent bond.
-Polyatomic ions are charged chemical species
How are chemical formulas of covalent
composed of two or more atoms that are compounds determined from their names?
covalently bonded to each other.
-
For example, nitrate (NO ) is a polyatomic anion.
3

2+ -
When Ca and NO combine together, the criss-
3
cross method tells us that the resulting ionic
compound should have one calcium ion and two
nitrate ion.

Examples: -One more consideration in writing the chemical

formula of covalent compounds is the unwritten
The chemical formula of potassium sulfide is K S. rule that the Greek prefix mono- is never used in
2 naming the first element of a covalent
The chemical formula of cobalt (III) fluoride is compound.
CoF .
3
The chemical formula of chromium (III) nitrate is -There are one nitrogen and one oxygen in
Cr(NO ) . nitrogen monoxide. Therefore, its chemical
3 3 formula is NO.

Naming Ionic Compounds -There are four phosphorus and ten oxygen in
tetraphosphorus decoxide. Therefore, its
chemical formula is P4O10.
-For binary covalent compounds, the element that
is found farthest to the left of the periodic table
is typically named first.
-If they are both in the same group, the one who
is at the lower portion of the periodic table is
named first.
-The number of atoms of the element is indicated
by the Greek prefix. If the first element has only
one atom, then the prefix mono- is not written.
-In naming covalent compounds given their
chemical formulas, the correct Greek prefix must
again be appended to the elements’ name. The
suffix -ide is also appended to the second
element that is named.
-The first element to be named in a covalent
compound is the element to the leftmost part of
the periodic table. If both elements in the
compound are in one group, the element at the
lower part of the periodic table is named first.

-The second element is then named by attaching

the correct Greek prefix to its stem name and
then appending the suffix -ide.

For example, the covalent compound CO is

named carbon monoxide.

The covalent compound P2O5 is diphosphorus

pentoxide and not disphosphorus pentaoxide.

Remember:

The rule for naming binary covalent compounds

is:

“prefix + name of 1st element” “prefix + stem

name of 2nd element + ide”

CCl4 is named carbon tetrachloride.

SO3 is named sulfur trioxide.

P4S9 is named tetraphosphorus nonasulfide.

-Covalent compounds are compounds that are

made of nonmetals chemically bonded to each
other.

-Covalent bonds hold the atoms together in a

covalent compound. They are formed when one
or more electrons are shared between two
nonmetals.

-The octet rule is a general rule of thumb that

describes the tendency of atoms to have a
complete set of eight electrons in their valence
shell.

-In writing the chemical formula of covalent

compounds given their names, the Greek prefix
preceding an element’s name must be
considered. The numerical equivalent of the prefix
must be supplied as the element’s subscript in the
chemical formula.