PAINTS , VARNISHES , AND

DISTEMPER
By Vanshika Khanna
PAINTS
• Paint is any pigmented liquid, liquefiable, or
solid mastic composition that, after application to
a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film.
CONSTITUENTS OF AN OIL PAINT -
• An oil paint is generally made up of six main constituents given below:
• A base
• An inert filler or extender
• Colouring pigment
• A vehicle
• A solvent or thinner
• A drier
BASE :

• Principle constituent
• A metallic oxide
• Makes the paint film opaque.
• Possesses binding properties which helps reduce shrinkage cracks on
drying.
• E.g.,:- white lead, red lead, zinc white, aluminium powder, iron oxide etc.,
EXTENDER OR AN INERT FILLER

• Cheap pigment
• It reduces cost
• Modifies the weight of the paint
• Makes the paint more durable
• Eg:- Barytes (Barium sulphate), Lithopone , Silica , Charcoal etc.
PIGMENTS
• Used to hide the surface imperfections.
• To impart the desired colour.
• Improves the impermeability & enhances resistance to weathering.
• Finely ground mineral, organic substances or metal powders.
• Affect the flow characteristics making it possible to paint vertical & uneven
surfaces smoothly
VEHICLE
• Also known as binder.
• Vehicle is an oil to which the base is mixed.
• Holds all constituents of paint.
• Helps spread it over the surface to be painted.
• Imparts durability, toughness & water proofness to paint film & resistance
to weathering and gloss.
• E.g., :- linseed oil, nut oil, poppy oil & tung oil
SOLVENTS
• Oils used to tin the paints, increase the spread.
• Also, known as thinners.
• They make paints of workable consistency & evaporate during drying of the film.
• It makes paint thinner and hence increases the coverage. It helps in spreading paint
uniformly over the surface Terpentine and neptha are commonly used thinners. After
paint applied, thinner evaporates and paint dries.
• Eg.,:- petroleum, spirit, naptha, turpentine oil.
• Most commonly used turpentine because of its high solvent power, excellent
flattening properties.
DRIERS
• Also, known as plasticizers.
• Are chemicals added to paint for specific purposes. These are the compounds of
metal like lead, manganese, cobalt.
• The function of a drier is to absorb oxygen from the air and supply it to the vehicle for
hardening. The drier should not be added until the paint is about to be used.
• E.g., as catalyst for accelerating the drying of vehicle.
• Quantity of drier is limited to 8%.
• Excess affects the elasticity of paint leading to flaking failure.
• Red lead is the best for primary coat over steel &metal work.
• E.g.,:- letharge, lead acetate, red lead, manganese dioxide, cobalt, zinc.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD PAINT
1. It should stick well to the surface and should be able to seal the porous substrata.
2. Its consistency should provide easy workability .
3. The thickness of the paint film should be adequate for good protection and decoration of
the surface.
4. The paint film should dry rapidly.
5. The dried paint film should be able to withstand the adverse weather effect for a long time
without losig gloss.
6. It should offer resistance to failure by checking ,cracking and flaking.
7. It should posses good moisture resistance.
8. Its colour should not fade with the passage of time
TYPES OF PAINTS
• 1. Aluminium paints
• 2. Anti-corrosive paints
• 3. Asbestos paints
• 4. Bituminous paints
• 5. Bronze paints
• 6. Cellulose paints
• 7. Casein paints
• 8. Cement based paints
• 9. Enamel paints
• 10. Oil paints
• 11. Rubber base paints
ALUMINIUM PAINT
• It is used for painting wood work and metal
surfaces.
• It forms the base in this paint.
• It is good in weather-resisting and water-proofing
qualities.
• It is highly heat reflective.
• It is resistant to corrosive action of sea water.
ANTI-CORROSIVE PAINTS

It is generally used as a metal

protection paint for preserving structural
Steel work against the adverse effect of
fumes,acids , corrosive chemical and the
ravages of rough weather.
ASBESTOS PAINTS

• This type of paint is specially suitable for

patch work or stopping leakage in metal
roofs.
• It is also used for painting gutters, spouts
flashings,etc.in order to prevent them from
rusting.
BITUMINOUS PAINTS

• These are alkali resistant.

• Cheifly used for painting exterior
brick work
• Used for water proofing
• Commonly applied on iron water
means
BRONZE PAINT
• It is used for painting internal and
external surface.
• It is commonly applied on radiator
• The vehicle used in the paint is
usually Nitro cellulose lacquer
CELLULOSE PAINTS

This type of paint is made from celluloid

sheets and amyl acetate substitute.
• Dries very quickly.
• Can be cleaned easily.
• It’s cost is High.
CASEIN PAINTS

• It can be used on canvas panels,

illustration boards, paper, wood,
and masonite.
CEMENT BASED PAINTS

Cement paint is water based paint and

is applied to either exterior or interior
including brick work and concrete. It is
used for painting exterior wall surface
mainly for preventing water
penetration amd reductions of dirt
collection.
ENAMEL PAINT
Enamel paint is paint that air-dries to
a hard, usually glossy, finish, used for
coating surfaces that are outdoors or
otherwise subject to hard wear or
variations in temperature
OIL PAINT
Oil paint is a type of slow-drying paint
that consists of particles of pigment
suspended in a drying oil, commonly
linseed oil. The viscosity of the paint may
be modified by the addition of a solvent
such as turpentine or white spirit, and
varnish may be added to increase the
glossiness of the dried oil paint film.
RUBBER BASE PAINT
Paint having chlorinated rubber
as its binder or nonvolatile
vehicle.
It has excellent acid, alkali and
moisture resistant properties