SUMMARY

1) Quantification and economic valuation of carbon

sequestration from smallholder multifunctional
agroforestry: a study from the foothills of the Nilgiris,
India

The findings of a study on the factors that influence carbon sequestration in smallholder
multifunctional agroforestry systems. The study found that farmers' decisions on tree species
selection, the number of trees, and farm management practices play a significant role in
determining the level of carbon sequestration in these systems. The study also found that
different tree species have varying levels of contribution to carbon sequestration, with some
species being more effective at sequestering carbon than others. The study also found that the
carbon sequestration potential of smallholder agroforestry systems is higher than the national
average, and that the maximum carbon sequestration occurs in quadrats with fast-growing
tree species. The study also found that intercrops can contribute to carbon sequestration
through litter and root turnover.

It mainly talks about the study on the quantification and economic valuation of carbon
sequestration in smallholder multifunctional agroforestry systems on the foothills of the
Nilgiris, India. We found that smallholder agroforestry systems can sequester significant
amounts of carbon in both vegetation and soil. The study also found that the carbon
sequestration potential varies among different quadrats, with some quadrats sequestrating
more carbon due to the presence of fast-growing tree species. The study also estimates the
economic value of the carbon sequestered in these systems and suggests that this revenue
could act as an incentive for farmers to adopt agroforestry practices. However, the authors
also note that the issue of carbon market and payment for carbon storage in standing biomass
is still a subject of debate. The results of the study could be useful for policymakers in
developing countries looking to achieve the REDD+ initiative.

2) Agroforestry Plantations in The Country by Green

ply.

This projects describes a proposed project in India that aims to support small-scale farmers in
the states of Nagaland, Gujarat, and Odisha using sustainable agroforestry plantations. The
project aims to provide financial advantages to the farmers and to reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. The project covers an area of 12,000 hectares, with 4,463 hectares currently
planted with various tree species, including Eucalyptus, Neem, and Duabanga grandiflora.
The majority of the project area is located in Gujarat, with smaller numbers of farmers
located in Nagaland and Odisha. The main crops grown in the project area before the
adoption of agroforestry were bajra, jowar, rice, and wheat, among others. The primary
industry in the project area is agriculture.
3) Agroforestry Plantations in India.
The study describes a project in India that aims to promote sustainable agroforestry practices
among small-scale farmers in the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, and Madhya Pradesh. The
project provides training to farmers and helps them to plant trees on unutilized land and other
wastelands. The project uses the Afforestation and Reforestation project activities
implemented on lands other than wetlands methodology to calculate the greenhouse gas
emissions reductions from the agroforestry plantations. The project estimates that the total
GHG emissions reduction over 30 years will be 175,29,231 tCO2e. The long-term average
GHG benefit is determined by averaging the expected total GHG benefit over the 30-year
period.

4) Assessing the carbon capture potential of a

reforestation project.
The case-study plot would need to be looked after and maintained for 4.1 years (taking 1111
seedling ha1) in order to achieve the claimed 100 kg of CO2e collected per tree. These
estimated values are probably below what was really attained in the field because they were
generated from heavily degraded soil, where the carbon stock rose by about 40 t C ha1 in the
first 50 years. Additionally, the biomass growth is based on a low altitude tropical rainforest
model, which is not typical of all reforestation initiatives. Some reforestation platforms
presume that carbon sequestration would happen immediately, but the sequestration actually
happens in the future. This may cause supporters and customers to believe that their carbon
offsets are both immediate and permanent.
Despite the significance of these reforestation platforms for mitigating climate change, their
forward carbon capture claims can be misinterpreted because (1) the forest growth trajectory
is missed, (2) the emissions connected to the reforestation and monitoring processes are
ignored, and (3) there is a chance that the trees will either die, be destroyed, or be harvested
for a purpose where the carbon will quickly be released as carbon dioxide47. By investing
heavily on reforestation projects (such as Shell48), companies may be able to claim
significant reductions in their carbon footprints while deceiving the public about their true
effects.
It mainly discusses the limitations of carbon sequestration claims made by reforestation
projects and argues that such claims are often unreliable if they do not account for the time it
takes for trees to sequester carbon and the risks of tree failure and harvest. It also notes that
reforestation projects often receive massive investments worldwide and can be a potential
loophole for companies with high greenhouse gas emissions. The study suggests that carbon
sequestration claims should be based on transparent quantification of risks, constant
monitoring, and relevant functional units, and that there should be the possibility of
withdrawal in case of losses. The study also argues that the carbon sequestration potential of
reforestation projects can be lowered by using biochar, and that the global warming impact of
planting seedlings should be considered.