[Type text]
Relations and Functions  

1. Let A = {a / a is an integer} and * be a binary operation( function) ∗ : A × A → A is defined as

a ∗ b = a + b + ab then find identity element of ∗ on A .( Ans : e = 0)
x+2
2. Show that the function f ( x) = is injective.
x−4
⎧a + b if a + b < 6
3. Define a binary operation ∗ on the set {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} as a ∗ b = ⎨ . Show
⎩a + b - 6 if a + b ≥ 6
that
‘zero’ is the identity element with 6-a being the inverse of a.
4. Find number of equivalence relation on the set {3, 6, 7} (Ans: 5)
1
∑ r ! ⎡⎣ r − C1 ( r − 1 ) + C2 ( r − 2 ) − ......⎤
m m m m m
Hint:
⎦
5. Prove that f ( x) g ( x) is one to one function but (f − g ) ( x) is not one to one for the given one
to
⎡ π⎤ ⎡ π⎤
one functions f : ⎢0, ⎥ → R given by f ( x) = sin x, and g : ⎢0, ⎥ → R given by g ( x) = cos x .
⎣ 2⎦ ⎣ 2⎦
6. Consider f : R + → [ −6, ∞ ] given by f ( x) = x 2 + 6 x − 6 .Show that f ( x) is bijective .
7. Prove that f ( x) = x − 3 for all x is bijective and hence find its inverse.
8. Let f ( x) = sin x , g ( x) = e x and h( x) = x-5 ,then find (i) f D g D h( x) (ii) h D g D f ( x)
x+1
9. Show that f : [ −2, 4] → R given by f ( x ) = is one to one .find the inverse of the function
x+4
1 − 4x
f : [ −2, 4] → Range f (Ans f ( x) =
−1
)
x −1
10. Show that the relation R in the set {1, 2, 3} given by R= {( 1, 2 ) , ( 3, 1 )} is an anti symmetric
relation and how many minimum number of ordered pair should be included to make it an
equivalent relation
INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
1 1 13
11. Solve tan −1 + tan −1 + tan −1 x = 0 (Ans: )
6 7 41
12 −1 4 − 1 73
12. Show that sin − 1 + cos = tan
13 5 16
⎛ 3a 2 x − x 3 ⎞ −1 x
13. Simplify Tan −1 ⎜ 3 2 ⎟
,a > 0 ;(Ans: 3 tan )
⎝ a − 3ax ⎠ a
⎡ 3 cos x + 4 sin x ⎤ −1 3
14. Simplify Tan −1 ⎢ ⎥ (Ans: tan 4 + x )
⎣ 4 cos x − 3 sin x ⎦
5π 5 −1 ⎛ 1 ⎞ 5 −2 ⎛ 15 ⎞
15. prove that − cos ⎜ ⎟ = cos ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
4 2 ⎝4⎠ 2 ⎝ 4 ⎠
−1 1−x 1 1
16. Solve tan = tan −1 x (ans: x = )
1+ x 2 3

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 [Type text]
⎡ cos x + sin x + cos x − sin x ⎤ x
17. Simplify cot −1 ⎢ ⎥ , Ans: .
⎣ cos x + sin x − cos x − sin x ⎦ 2
⎛ 3π ⎞
18. Evaluate sin −1 ⎜ sin
⎝ 4 ⎟⎠
−1 ⎛ 5π ⎞
19. Evaluate cos ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 6 ⎠
⎛ 2π ⎞
20. Evaluate Tan −1 ⎜ tan
⎝ 3 ⎟⎠
Matrix and Determinants
⎡2 1 1 ⎤
21. Fnd inverse of ⎢⎢ 3 1 2 ⎥⎥ using elementary transformation method.
⎢⎣4 5 3 ⎥⎦
⎡ 3 −4 ⎤ ⎡1 + 2n −4n ⎤
22. If A = ⎢ ⎥ , then prove that A n = ⎢ , where ‘n’ is any positive integer.
⎣ 1 −1 ⎦ ⎣ n 1 − 2n ⎥⎦

⎡1 1 1 ⎤ ⎡3 n −1
3
n −1
3 ⎤
n −1

⎢ ⎥ ⎢ n −1 n −1
⎥
n −1
23. If A = ⎢1 1 1 ⎥ ,prove that A = ⎢3 3 3 ⎥ , ∀n ∈ N
n

⎢⎣1 1 1 ⎥⎦ ⎢ n −1 n −1 n −1 ⎥
⎣⎢3 3 3 ⎦⎥
24. Let A , B be two symmetric matrices ,then prove that (i) AB is a symmetric matrix if AB=BA
(ii)AB+BA is symmetric matrix (iii) ATBA is a symmetric matrix .

x+a x x
⎛ x x x⎞
25. Prove that x x+b x = abc ⎜ 1 + + + ⎟
⎝ a b c⎠
x x x+c
⎡ 2 −1 1 ⎤ ⎡ 3 1 −1 ⎤
26. Find the product of two matrices A = ⎢ −1 2 −1 ⎥ , B = ⎢⎢ 1 3 1 ⎥⎥ ,and hence solve the
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ 1 −1 2 ⎥⎦ ⎢⎣ −1 1 3 ⎥⎦
system of equations 2 x − y + z = −1, − x + 2 y − z = 4, x − y + 2 z = −3 ( Ans: x=1, y = 2 , z = -1)
⎡1 2 1 ⎤
27. Let A = ⎢⎢2 −1 4 ⎥⎥ and find A , using A solve the system of equations x + 2 y + 2 z = 7 ,
−1 −1

⎢⎣2 5 −1 ⎥⎦
2 x − y + 5 z = 11 , x + 4 y − z = 3 (Ans; x =1 , y = 1 , z = 2)
⎡ 1 2 2⎤
28. Show that the matrix A = ⎢⎢2 1 2 ⎥⎥ satisfies the equation A2 − 4 A − 5 I 3 = 0 and hence find
⎢⎣2 2 1 ⎥⎦

A−1
⎡ −3 2 2 ⎤
1⎢
Ans: 2 −3 2 ⎥⎥
5⎢
⎢⎣ 2 2 −3 ⎥⎦

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⎡ 3 −3 4 ⎤
29. If A = ⎢⎢ 2 −3 4 ⎥⎥ , show that A3 = A−1
⎢⎣0 −1 1 ⎥⎦
⎡ 2 1 ⎤ ⎡ −3 2 ⎤ ⎡ 1 2 ⎤
30. Find the matrix ‘X’ satisfying the matrix equation ⎢ ⎥X ⎢ ⎥=⎢ ⎥
⎣ 3 2 ⎦ ⎣ 5 −3 ⎦ ⎣ 2 −1 ⎦
⎡ 25 15 ⎤
Ans: ⎢ ⎥
⎣ −37 −22 ⎦
2 2
b +c ab ac
2 2 2 2 2
31. Prove that ba c +a bc = 4a b c
2 2
ac cb a +b
32. If a,b,c are positive and unequal numbers , show that the value of the determinant
a b c
b c a
c a b
is always negative.
b+c a a
33. Prove that b c+a b = 4abc
c c a+b
34. If a,b,c(all positive) are the pth,qth and rth terms a G.P respectively, then show that
ln a p 1
ln b q 1 =0
ln c r 1
sin A + sin B cos A + cos B
35. Evaluate (Ans: ‘0’)
cos A − cos B sin A − sin B
CONTINUITY
⎧3ax + b if x>1
⎪
36. If the function f ( x) = ⎨11 if x = 1 is continuous at x=1, find the values of a and b .
⎪5ax-2b
⎩ if x<1
Ans: a = 3, b = 2
⎧ x
⎪ 2
, x≠0
37. show that the function f ( x) = ⎨ x + 2 x remains discontinuous at x= 0,regarless of
⎪
⎩ k , x=0
the choice of k .
⎧x− x
⎪ when x ≠ 0
38. Discuss the continuity of the function f ( x) = ⎨ x at x = 0
⎪ 2
⎩ when x = 0
Ans; Discontinuous

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⎧ 1 − cos kx
⎪⎪ x sin x , x ≠ 0
39. For what value of k ,the function f ( x) = ⎨ is continuous at x = 0, (Ans: k= ±1
⎪ 1 , x=0
⎪⎩ 2
)
⎧ k cos x
⎪ ,x ≠ 0 1
40. For what value of k ,the function f ( x) = ⎨ π − 2 x is continuous at x = 0? (ans: k = )
⎪⎩ 1 π
, x=0
⎧ 2 x + 3 sin x
⎪ , x≠0
41. For what value of k ,the function f ( x) = ⎨ 3 x + 2 sin x is continuous at x = 0?
⎪
⎩ 4k , x=0
( Ans:k = 1/4)
⎧ x 2 + ax + b if 0 ≤ x <2
⎪
42. The function f ( x) = ⎨3x+2 if 2 ≤ x ≤ 4 is continuous on [0, 8] , find the values of a and
⎪ 2ax+5b if 4 < x ≤ 8
⎩
b.
(Ans: a = 3 , b = -2 )
⎧5 if x ≤ 2
⎪
43. Find the values of a and b such that the function f(x) is defined by: f ( x) = ⎨ax+b if 2<x<10 is
⎪21 if x ≥ 10
⎩
a
continuous function. (Ans: a = 2, b = 1 )
⎧2 x + 1 , x < 2
⎪
44. For what values of ‘k’ the function f ( x) = ⎨ k , x = 2 is continuous at x = 2 ? (Ans: k= 5)
⎪3x-1
⎩ , x >2
⎧ x2 − 1
⎪
45. Show that the function f ( x) = ⎨ x − 1 , x ≠ 1 is discontinuous at x = 1.
⎪
⎩ 5 ,x=1
DIFFERENTIATION
2
2 dy dy x cos 1 + x
46. If y = sin 1 + x , find . : Ans: =
dx dx 2 1 + x 2 sin 1 + x 2

dy dy x
47. If y = 4 4 4 + x 2 , find : Ans: =
dx dx
4 4 + 4 + 4 + x2 4 4 + x2 4 + x2

{ } , show that dydx =

n
2 2 ny
48. If y = x + x + a
x + a2
2

−1 ⎛ 3 cos x − 4 sin x ⎞ dy dy
49. If y = cos ⎜ ⎟ ,find . Ans: =1
⎝ 5 ⎠ dx dx

−1
⎡ 1 + x2 − 1 ⎤ dy dy 1
50. If y = Tan ⎢ ⎥ , find . Ans: =
⎢⎣ x ⎥⎦ dx dx 2(1 + x 2 )

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1 + sin x
−1 dy dy 1
51. If y = tan , find . Ans: =
1 − sin x dx dx 2
−1 1 − x −1 x + 2 dy
52. Find the derivative of tan + tan w.r.t ‘x’ .Ans: =0
1+ x 1 − 2x dx
⎡ 1− x⎤ dy dy x
53. if y = sin ⎢2 tan −1 ⎥ , find . Ans: =−
⎣ 1 + x ⎦ dx dx 1 − x2

−1 ⎡ a + b cos x ⎤ dy dy b2 − a2
54. If y = cos ⎢ ⎥ , find .Ans: =
⎣ b + a cos x ⎦ dx dx b + a cos x
⎡
−1 5 x + 12 − x
2 ⎤ dy dy 1
55. If y = sin ⎢ ⎥ , find . Ans: =−
⎢⎣ 13 ⎥⎦ dx dx 1 − x2

−1 x2 dy dy 2a 2 x
56. If y = sin , find . Ans: = 4
a4 + x4 dx dx a + x 4
⎡ cos x ⎤ dy dy −1
57. If y = sin −1 ⎢ ⎥ , find . Ans: =
⎣ 1 + sin x ⎦ dx dx 2

−1
⎡ 1 + a2 x2 − 1 ⎤ dy dy n
58. If y = tan ⎢ ⎥ ,find . Ans: =
⎢⎣ ax ⎥⎦ dx dx 2 1 + a 2 x 2 ( )
dy dy 2 y cos 2 x + sin( x + y )
59. If cos( x + y ) = y sin 2 x , find . Ans: =−
dx dx sin( x + y ) + sin 2 x
dy 1
60. If x 1 + y + y 1 + x = 0 ,show that =−
(1 + x )
2
dx

6 6 3 3 dy x 2 1 − y6
61. If 1 − x + 1 − y = a( x − y ) , show that =
dx y 2 1 − x6
1 y
− 2
−1 ⎡ x −1 y⎤ dy dy a x + y2
62. If y = b tan ⎢ + tan ⎥ , find . Ans: =
⎣ a x⎦ dx dx 1 sec 2 y − x
b b x + y2
2

dy 1
63. If y = log x + log x + log x + ...... , show that = .
dx x(2 y − 1)

dy 1 − y2
64. If y 1 − x 2 + x 1 − y 2 = 1 , then show that =− .
dx 1 − x2
2
dy sin (a + y )
65. If sin y = x sin(a + y ) ,show that = .
dx sin a
2
dy cos (a + y )
66. if cos y = x cos(a + y ) , show that = .
dx sin a
2 2
dy dy sec ( x + y ) + sec ( x − y )
67. If tan( x + y ) + tan( x − y ) = 1 , find . Ans: =− 2 2
dx dx sec ( x + y ) − sec ( x − y )
68. Differentiate sin( x x ) + (sin x) x : Ans: x cos( x )(1 + log x) + ( sin x ) ( x cot x + log sin x)
x x x

2+3 x
⎛3+ x⎞
69. If f ( x) = ⎜ ⎟ ,then find f ′(0) .Ans: 27log3 - 12
⎝ 1+ x ⎠

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dy y log x
70. If x = e cos 2 t , y = e sin 2 t , show that =−
dx x log y
71. Differentiate x sin x with respect to ( sin x )
x

1 + x2 − 1
72. Show that the derivative of tan −1 w.r.t tan −1 x is independent of ‘x’ .
x
2x 2 x
Differentiate tan −1 w.r.t sin −1
73. 1 + x2 1 + x2
1 − 2 x4
x4 + 6x2 + 1
3x − x3 2x 3
74. Differentiate tan −1 2
w.r.t tan −1 2
( Ans: )
1 − 3x 1−x 2
1 1
75. Differentiate sec −1 2
w.r.t 1 − x 2 at x =
2x − 1 2

−1 ⎡ x ⎤ ⎡ −1 1+ x ⎤ 1− x
2
76. Differentiate tan ⎢ ⎥ w.r.t Sin ⎢2 cot ⎥ Ans: −
2
⎣1 + 1 + x ⎦ ⎣ 1− x ⎦ 2 x(1 + x 2 )
Higher Order derivative
2
d x
77. If y = x + tan x ,then show that cos 2 x 2
− 2 y + 2x = 0
dy
2
2 d y dy 2 2
78. If y = e ax sin bx , show that y 2
− 2a + ( a + b ) y = 0
dx dx
d2y
79. If y = A cos nx + B sin nx , Show that + n2 y = 0
dx 2
2
⎛ x ⎞ 3 d y dy
80. If y = x log ⎜ ⎟ , show that x −x + y=0
⎝ a + bx ⎠
2
dx dx
2
d 2 y 1 ⎛ dy ⎞ y
81. If y = x , show that − ⎜ ⎟ − =0
x
2
dx y ⎝ dx ⎠ x
d2y dy
82. If y = e sin bx , show that
ax
2
− 2a + ( a 2 + b 2 ) y = 0
dx dx
−1 2
sin x 2 d y dy
83. If y = , show that (1 − x ) 2 − 3 x − y=0
2
1− x dx dx
d2y dy
84. If x = a cos θ + b sin θ and y = a sin θ − b cos θ , show that y
2
2
−x + y=0
dx dx
2
d y π 1
85. If x = a (θ + sin θ ) , y = a (1 + cos θ ) , find 2
at θ = Ans: −
dx 2 a
2 3
3 3 d y 2a xy
86. If y + x − 3axy = 0 , show that =− .
( )
2 2 3
dx y − ax
x x x sin x
87. Given that cos cos cos ..... = , show that
2 4 8 x

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1 2 x 1 2 x 1 2 x 2 1
2
sec + 4 sec + 8 sec + ... = cos ec x − 2
2 2 2 4 2 8 x
d2y dy
88. If y = sin ( log x ) , show that x
2
2
+x + y=0
dx dx
d2y
( )
2
⎡ 2 ⎤ 2 dy
89. If y = log x + x + 1
⎢⎣ , show that x +1 + x −2 = 0
⎦⎥ dx 2
dx
2

( ) ( )
−1 2 2 d y dy
90. If y = tan x , show that x + 1
2
2
+ 2 x ( x 2 + 1) − 2 = 0
dx dx
2
91. If y = sin
−1
x , show that 1 − x( 2
) ddx y − x dy
2
dx
= 0.

d y
2
π
92. If x = a (cos t + t sin t ) , y = a (sin t − t cos t ) , find the value of 2
when t = .
dx 4
d2y
93. If x = 2 cos t − cos 2t , y = 2 sin t − sin 2t , find the value of 2
when t = 0 .
dx
d2y π
94. If x = 3 sin t − sin 3t , y = 3 cos t − cos 3t , find 2
when t = .
dx 2
2
1/2 1/2 1/2 d y
95. If x + y = a , find the value of 2
at x = a .
dx
d2y
96. If x = a sin pt , y = b cos pt , find the value of at x = 0 .
dx 2
2
97. If y = e
tan −1 x
(
, show that 1 + x
2 d y

dx 2 ) dy
+ (2x − 1) = 0
dx
d2y x2 + y 2
98. If x = a sin t − b cos t , y = a cos t + b sin t , show that = − .
dx 2 y3
ROLLE’S THEOREM
99. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x) = ( x − 2 )( x − 3 )( x − 4 ) on [2, 4] .
5
Ans: c = ∈ ( 1, 4 )
2
2
x − 3x − 4
100. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x) = on [ −1, 4] .
x−5
Ans: c = 5 ± 6 ∈ ( −1, 4 ) .

on [ −3, 0] . Ans: c = −2 ∈ ( −3, 0 )

− x /2
101. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x ) = x ( x + 3)e

It is given that for the function f ( x ) = x − 6 x + ax + b Rolle’s theorem holds on [1, 3] ,

3 2
102.
1
with c = 2 + .Find the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ .Ans: a = 11 and b can take any value.
3
x 2 + ab
103. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x ) = log on [ a, b] where a,b are positive
(a + b) x
real numbers. Ans: c = ± ab .

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⎡ π π⎤ π
Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x ) = e cos x on ⎢ − , ⎥ . Ans: c =
x
104.
⎣ 2 2⎦ 4
Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x ) = log( x + 2) − log 3 on [ −1, 1] . Ans: c = 0 .
2
105.
π
on [0, π ] . Ans: c = .
sin x
106. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x ) =
e
x
4
107. Let f and g be differential function on [0, 1] such that f (0) = 2, g (0) = 0, f (1) = 6 and

g (1) = 2 .Show that here exists a point c ∈ ( 0, 1 ) such that f ′(c ) = 2 g ′(c ) .

on [ −1, 1] . Ans: c = 0.
1− x2
108. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x ) = e

109. By considering the function f ( x) = ( x − 3 ) log x , show that the equation x log x = 3 − x is
satisfied by at least one value of x lying between 1 and 3 .
110. Examine the applicability of Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x) = x − 1 on [ −1, 1] .
Ans : No
111. Examine the applicability of Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x) = [ x ] on [ −2, 2] .
Ans: No
x ( x − 2)
112. Examine the applicability of Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x ) = on [ −1, 1] .
x −1
Ans: No
113. Examine the validity of Rolle’s theorem for the function f ( x ) = x − 2 on [2, 5] ,.Ans:No.
LAGRANGE’S MEAN VALUE THEOREM
1
114. Verify L.M.V.T for the function f ( x ) = on [1, 4] .Ans: c = −2 + 3 2 ∈ ( 1, 4 )
x+2
1
Verify L.M.V.T for the function f ( x) = 25 − x on [ −3, 4] .Ans: c = ±
2
115. .
2
π
116. Verify L.M.V.T for the function f ( x ) = x − 2 sin x on [ −π , π ] Ans: c = ± .
2
⎛ π⎞
117. Using mean value theorem , prove that tan x > x for all x ∈ ⎜ 0, ⎟.
⎝ 2⎠
118. Find a point on y = x − 2 defined on the interval [2, 3] where the tangent is parallel to
⎛9 1⎞
the chord joining ( 2, 0 ) and ( 3, 1 ) . Ans: ⎜ , ⎟.
⎝4 2⎠
Find a point on y = x − 6 x + 1 where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining ( 1, −4 )
2
119.

and ( 3, −8 ) . Ans: ( 2, −7 ) .

on [ −1, 1] Ans: No
1/3
120. Examine the validity of L.M.V.T for the function f ( x ) = x
5
x −1
121. Examine the validity of L.M.V.T for the function f ( x ) = .Ans: Not applicable
x+6
122. Using L.M.V.T , show that sin x < x for all x > 0 .
Find a point on the curve y = x where the tangent is parallel to the chord joining ( 1, 1 )
3
123.

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⎛ 13 ⎛ 13 ⎞ 3/2
⎞
and ( 3, 27 ) .Ans: ⎜ ,⎜ ⎟ ⎟⎟ .
⎜
⎝ 3 ⎝2⎠ ⎠
RATE OF CHANGE OF QUANTITIES
124. The radius of a spherical soap bubble is increasing at the rate of 0.2 cm / sec. Find the
32
rate of increase of its surface area when the radius is 4 cm. Ans: π sq. cm / sec
5
125. The radius of a spherical soap bubble is increasing at the rate of 0.2 cm / sec. Find the
64
rate of increase of its volume when the radius is 4 cm. Ans: π cu.cm / sec
5
126. Water is poured into an inverted conical vessel of which the radius of the base is 6 cm
and height 12 cm, at the rate of 5.5 cc per minute. At what rate is the water level rising
at the instant when the depth is 3.5 cm? Ans: 0.571 cm / min
127. The volume of a cube is increasing at a constant rate. Show that the increase in the
surface area varies inversely as the length of the edge of the cube.
dS k 4k 1
Ans: = 12 x. 2 = ∝
dt 3x x x
128. An oil tank is being filled , the oil volume V in litres, after t minutes is given by
V = 1.5t 2 + 2t .How fast is the volume increasing when there is 10 litres of oil in the tank?
Ans: 8 cu.lt / min
129. Water is running into a conical vessel , with vertex downward 15 cm deep and 5 cm in
radius at the rate of 0.1cm 3 / sec . When the water is 6 cm deep, find the rate at which the
(i) water level is rising (ii) area of water surface is increasing
(iii) wetted surface of the vessel increasing
1 1 10 2
Ans: (i) cm / sec (ii) cm 2 / sec (iii)
cm / sec
40π 30π 30
130. Gas is escaping from a spherical balloon at the rate of 900cm 2 / sec. How fast is the
surface area shrinking when the radius is 360 cm? Ans: 5cm 2 / sec
131. The radius of a sphere is r cm at time t sec. Find the radius when the rate of increase of
1
the surface area and the radius are numerically equal. Ans: cm
8π
132. If y = 7 x − x 3 and x increases at the rate of 4 units per second, how fast is the slope of
the tangent changing when x = 2? :Ans: −48
133. A balloon is in the form of a right circular cone surrounded by a hemisphere, having a
diameter equal to the height of the cone, is being inflated. Ho fast is its volume changing
with respect to its total height H, when H = 9cm? Ans: 12π cm3 / sec
2
134. A particle moves along the curve y = . Find the points on the curve at which the
3x + 1 3

y-coordinate is changing twice as fast as the x-coordinate. Ans: ( −1,1/ 3) , (1,5 / 3)

135. The radius of a circle is increasing at the rate of 0.1 cm/sec. At what rate is the area
increasing when the radius of the circle is 5 cm? Ans : π sq.cm / sec
1
136. The radius of a spherical air bubble is increasing at the rate ofcm / sec . At what rate
2
is the volume of the bubble increasing when the radius is 1 cm? Ans: 88cm 2 / sec

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2π cubic cm / sec
137. An edge of a variable cube is increasing at the rate of 10 cm / sec. How fast is the volume
of the cube increasing when the edge is 5 cm long? Ans: 750 cc / sec
138. A balloon which always remain spherical has a variable radius. Find the rate at which its
volume is increasing with respect to the radius when the latter is 10 cm.
Ans: 400π cm 3 / sec
For the curve , y = ( 2 x + 1) , find the rate of change of slope at (1,27). Ans: 72
3
139.
2 3
140. A particle moves along the curve y = x + 1 . Find the points on the curve at which the y-
3
coordinates is changing twice as fast as the x-coordinate. Ans: (1,5 / 3) , ( −1,1/ 3)
141. The radius r cm of a blot of ink is increasing at the rate of 1.5 mm / sec. Find the
rate at which the area A is increasing after 4 seconds. Ans. 0.18π sq.cm / sec
142. A circular disc of radius 3 cm is being heated. Due to expansion, its radius increases at
the rate of 0.05 cm / sec. find the rate at which its area is increasing when radius is
3.2 cm. Ans: 0.32π sq.cm / sec
143. A hemisphere is constructed on a circular base. If the radius of the base is increasing at
the rate of 0.5 cm / sec, find the rate at which the volume of the hemisphere is
increasing when the radius is 10 cm. Ans. 3.1429cm 3 / sec.
144. A balloon which always remains spherical , is being inflated by pumping in 900 cubic
centimeters of gas per second. Find the rate at which the radius of the balloon is
increasing when the radius is 15 cm. Ans. 7 / 22cm / sec.
145. The surface area of a spherical bubble is increasing at the rate of 2cm 2 / sec. Find the
rate at which the volume of the bubble is increasing at the instant when its radius is
6 cm. Ans. 6cm 3 / sec.
146. The volume of a cube is increasing at the rate of 7 cc/sec. How fast is the surface area
increasing when the length of an edge is 12 cm?
Ans : 7 / 3cm 2 / sec
147. The length x of a rectangle is decreasing at the rate of 2 cm / sec and the width y is
increasing at the rate of 2 cm / sec. When x = 12 cm and y = 5 cm, find the rate of
148. change of (a) the perimeter and (b) the area of the rectangle.
Ans.(a) 0 cm / sec (b) 14cm 2 / sec
149. The length x of a rectangle is decreasing at the rate of 3 cm / minute and the width y is
increasing at the rate of 2 cm / minute. When x = 10 cm and y = 6 cm, find the rate of
change of (a) the perimeter and (b) the area of the rectangle
Ans. (a) -2 cm / minute (b) 2cm 2 / minute
150. A small stone thrown into a still pond produces a circular disturbance on the surface of
water, whose radius is increasing at the rate of 2 cm /sec. Find the rate at which the
22
disturbed area is increasing, when its radius is 7 cm (take π = ) Ans: 88cm 2 / sec
7
151. The bottom of a rectangular swimming tank is 25 m by 40 m. Water is pumped into the
tank at the rate of 500 cubic meters per hour. Find the rate at which the level of water in
the tank is rising. Ans: 0.5 m / hour
32
152. Water is dripping out from a conical funnel, at the uniform rate of 2cm 3 / sec through a
3

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tiny hole at the vertex at the bottom. When the slant height of the water is 4 cm, find the
rate of decrease of the slant height of the water given that the vertical angle of the funnel
1
is 120D. Ans. cm / sec
3π
π
153. Water is dripping our from a conical funnel of semi vertical angle at a uniform rate of
4
2cm3 / sec through a tiny hole at the vertex of the bottom. When the slant height of the
water is 4 cm, find the rate of decrease of the slant height of the water. Ans : (i)
2
Ans. cm / sec
4π
154. A water tank has the shape of an inverted right circular cone with its axis vertical and
vertex lowermost. Its semi-vertical angle is tan −1 (0.5) . Water is poured into it at a
constant rate of 5 cubic meter per minute. Find the rate at which the level of the water
7
is rising at the instant when the depth of water in the tank is 10 cm. Ans: m / min
110
155. A ladder 5 m long leans against a house. Find the rate at which the top of the ladder is
moving downward if its foot is 3m from the house and moving away at the rate of
3
1 / 2 m / sec. Ans. m / sec
8
156. A ladder 5 m long leaning against a wall. The bottom of the ladder is pulled along the
ground, toward the wall, at the rate of 2 cm / sec. how fast is its height on the wall
8
increasing when the foot of the ladder is 4 m away from the wall? Ans : m / sec
3
157. Sand is being poured at the rate of 0.3m 3 / sec into a conical pile. If the height of the
conical pile is thrice the radius of the base, find the rate of change of height when the
27
pile is 5 m high. Ans : m / sec
250π
158. A man 2 m high walks at a uniform speed of 6 km / hour away from a lamp-post 6 m
high. Find the rate at which the length of his shadow increases. Ans : 3 km / hour
159. A point source of light along a straight road is at a height of ‘a’ metres. A boy ‘b’ metres in
height is walking along the road. How fast is his shadow increasing if he is walking away
bc
from the light at the rate of ‘c’ metres per minute? Ans : m / min ute
a −b
160. Find the rate of change of the area of a circle with respect to its radius r when:
(i) r = 2 cm (ii) r = 6 cm
Ans: (i) 4π cm (ii) 12π cm
161. Find the rate of change of the volume of a sphere with respect to its diameter.
π a2
Ans: , where ‘a’ is the diameter.
2
162. Find the rate of change of the volume of a spherical ball with respect to its radius r. How
fast is the volume changing with respect to the radius when the radius is 5 cm?
Ans: 4π r 2 ,100π cm 2
163. Find the rate of change of the volume of a cylinder of fixed height h with respect to the
radius r. Ans. 2π rh

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164. Find the rate of change of the volume of a cylinder of fixed radius r with respect to the
height h . Ans. π r 2
165. Find the rate of change of the volume of a cone of radius r and height h
(i) w.r.t. radius when height is fixed
2 1 2
(ii) w.r.t. height when radius is fixed Ans: (i) π rh (ii) πr
3 3
166. The distance s at time t of a particle moving in a straight line is given by the equation
s = ( t 4 − 18t 2 ) cm . Find its speed at t = 10 seconds.
Ans : 3640 cm /sec
167. Find the instantaneous speed of an object moving according to the law s = 3 t 3 + 10. Find
t2 9
also the speed at t = 3. Ans: ,
(t + 10 ) ( 37 )
3 2/3 2/3

168. A car starts from a point P at time t = 0 seconds and stops at point Q. The distance s, in
⎛ t⎞
metres covered by it in t seconds is given by s = t 2 ⎜ 2 − ⎟ . Find the time taken by it to
⎝ 3⎠
32
reach Q and also find the direction between P and Q. Ans : 4 seconds, metres
3
169. If a manufacturer’s total cost function C is given x + y = 0, 2 x + 2 y + 3 = 0, 2 x + 2 y − 3 = 0
x2
C= + 2 x, find (i) the marginal cost function and (ii) the marginal cost, when 5 units
25
2x
are produced. Ans: (i) +2 (ii) 2.4
25
170. The total cost, C(x) associated with producing and marketing x units of an item is given
by C ( x ) = 0.005 x 3 − 0.02 x 2 + 30 x + 5000 . Find:
(i) the marginal cost function and
(ii) the marginal cost when 3 units are produced and marketed
Ans: (i) 0.015 x 2 − 0.04 x + 30 (ii) 30.015
5x2
171. If the total cost function for a manufacture is given by C = + 5000 . Find the
x2 + 3
5 xx 2 + 6
marginal cost function. Ans:
(x + 3)
2 3/2

172. The total revenue received from the sale of x units of a product is given by
x2
173. R ( x) = 200 + , find (i) the marginal revenue (ii) the marginal revenue, when x = 25.
5
INCREASING AND DECREASING FUNCTION
1
174. Show that f ( x) = decreases strictly on ( 0, ∞ ) and increases strictly on ( −∞, 0 )
1 + x2
4 x2 + 1
175. Find the intervals on which f ( x) = is strictly increasing or strictly decreasing.
x

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⎛ 1⎞ ⎛1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 1⎞
Ans: Strictly increasing on ⎜ −∞, − ⎟ , ⎜ , ∞ ⎟ and strictly decreasing on ⎜ − , ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 2⎠
176. Show that f ( x ) = x − sin x is increasing on R
177. Show that f ( x) = x 9 + 4 x 7 + 11 is increasing on R
178. Find the intervals in which the following functions are (a) strictly increasing (b) strictly
Decreasing.
π ⎛ π⎞ ⎛π π ⎞
i. f ( x) = sin 4 x + cos 4 x, 0 ≤ x ≤ : Ans decreasing in ⎜ 0, ⎟ and decreasing in ⎜ , ⎟
2 ⎝ 4⎠ ⎝4 2⎠
ii. f ( x ) = sin x − cos x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π
⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎛ 3π 7π ⎞ ⎛ 7π ⎞
Ans: Increasing in ⎜ 0, ⎟ ,decreasing in ⎜ , ⎟,⎜ , 2π ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠ ⎝ 4 3 ⎠ ⎝ 4 ⎠
iii. f ( x ) = sin x − 3 cos x, 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π
⎛ 11π ⎞ ⎛ 5π ⎞ ⎛ 5π 11π ⎞
Ans: Increasing in ⎜ , 2π ⎟ , ⎜ 0, ⎟ and decreasing in ⎜ , ⎟
⎝ 6 ⎠ ⎝ 6 ⎠ ⎝ 6 6 ⎠
4 sin x − 2 x − x cos x
iv. f ( x) = , 0 ≤ x ≤ 2π ;
2 + cos x
⎛ π ⎞ ⎛ 3π ⎞ ⎛ π 3π ⎞
Ans: Increasing in ⎜ 0, ⎟ , ⎜ , 2π ⎟ and decreasing in ⎜ , ⎟
⎝ 2⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠ ⎝2 2 ⎠
x
< log(1 + x) < x, ∀x > 0
179. Show that 1 + x
Show that f ( x) = tan ( sin x + cos x ) , x > 0 is strictly increasing function in the interval
−1
180.

⎛ π⎞
⎜ 0, ⎟ .
⎝ 4⎠
4 sin x
181. Show that the function f ( x ) = − x is strictly increasing function on the interval
2 + cos x
⎛ π⎞
⎜ 0, ⎟ .
⎝ 2⎠
182. Find the intervals in which the function x 4 − 8 x 3 + 22 x 2 − 24 x + 21
Ans: Strictly increasing in ( 0,1) , ( 2, ∞ ) and strictly decreasing in ( −1, 0 ) , ( 0,1) .
183. Find the intervals on which −2 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 12 x + 6 is strictly increasing or decreasing.
Ans:S. Increasing in ( −1, 2 ) , S. decreasing ( −∞, −1) , ( 2, ∞ ) .
184. Find the intervals in which the function f ( x) = 2 log( x − 2) − x 2 + 4 x + 1 is strictly increasing
or decreasing. Ans: Increasing in ( 2,3) and decreasing in ( 3, ∞ ) .

⎛ π π⎞
185. Show that f ( x ) = x 2 − x sin x is a strictly increasing function on ⎜ − , ⎟
⎝ 4 4⎠
186. Find the least value of a for which the function x 2 + ax + 1 strictly increasing in the
187. interval (1, 2 ) .Ans: -2

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TANGENTS AND NORMALS
Find a point on the parabola y = ( x − 2 ) , where the tangent is parallel to the chord
2
188.
joining ( 2, 0 ) and ( 4, 4) Ans: (3, 1)
(i) The equation of the tangent at (2, 3) on the curve y 2 = ax 3 + b is y = 4 x − 5 . Find the
values of a and b
(ii) If the tangent to the curve y = x 3 + ax + b at ( 1, -6) is parallel to the line x − y + 5 = 0,
find the values of a and b Ans: (i) a = -2 , b = -5 (ii) a = -2, b = -5
189. Find the equation of the tangent and the normal to the curve y = x 4 − 6 x 3 + 13 x 2 − 10 x + 5
at the point (1, 3) Ans: 2 x − y + 3 = 0, x + 2 y − 7 = 0
190. Find the points on the curve y = x 3 − 2 x 2 − x at which the tangent lines are parallel to the
line y = 3 x − 2 Ans: ( 2, -2), ( -2 / 3, -14 / 27 )
191. Find the points on the curve 4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 1 , where the tangents are perpendicular to the
⎛ 3 1 ⎞ ⎛ 3 1 ⎞
line 2 y + x = 0 Ans: ⎜ ,− ⎟,⎜ − , ⎟
⎝ 2 10 3 10 ⎠ ⎝ 2 10 3 10 ⎠
Find the point on the parabola y = ( x − 3) . Where the tangent is parallel to the line
2
192.

⎛7 1⎞
joining (3, 0) and (4, 1) Ans: ⎜ , ⎟
⎝2 4⎠
193. Find the angle of intersection of the circles x 2 + y 2 − 4 x = 0 and x 2 + y 2 = 8
π
Ans:
4
x
194. Find the equation of the normal at the point on the curve y = , where the tangent
1 − x2
π
makes an angle of with x-axis
4
Ans: x + y = 0, 2 x + 2 y + 3 = 0, 2 x + 2 y − 3 = 0

195. Find the slopes of tangents and normals to the following curves

(i) 4 + 2, − y = x3 + 4 x at x = -1 (ii) y = x 3 − 3 x + 2 at x = 3

1 1
Ans: (i) 7, − (ii) 24, −
7 24
196. Find the slopes of tangents and normals of the following curves
π
(i) y = tan 2 x + sec x at x = (ii) y = 2 x 2 + 3sin x at x = 0
4
4− 2 1
Ans: (i) x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 4 y + 1 = 0 4 + 2, − (ii) 3, −
14 3
197. Find the slopes of tangents and normals of the following curves
(i) x 2 + y 2 − 4 x − 4 y + 4 = 0 at the point (2 + 2, 2 + 2 )
π
(ii) x = 1 − a sin θ , y = b cos 2 θ at θ =
2

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2b a
Ans: (i) −1,1 ,−
(ii)
a 2b
198. Find the point on the curve y = x − 2 x + 3 at which the tangent is parallel to the s-axis
2

Ans: ( 1, 2 )
199. (i) At what point on the curve y = x 2 does the tangent make an angle of 45D with the
⎛1 1⎞
x- axis? Ans: ⎜ , ⎟
⎝2 4⎠
(ii)At what point on the circle x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 4 y + 1 = 0 , the tangent is parallel to x-axis?
Ans: ( 1, 0 ) ( 1, 4 )
(iii) At what point on the curve x 2 + y 2 − 2 x − 4 y + 1 = 0 , the tangent is parallel to
y-axis?
Ans: ( -1, 2 ), (3, 2)
200. (i)Determine the point on the curve y = x 3 y = 3 x 2 + 4 at which the tangent is
perpendicular to a line whose slope is -1/6 .Ans: (1, 7)
(ii) Find the point on the curve y = x 2 − 4 x + 3 , the normal at which is parallel to the
line whose slope is 1/ 2
Ans: (1, 0)
f ( x) = ( x − 3) , where the tangent is parallel to the
2
(iii) Find a point on the parabola
chord joining the points (3, 0) and (4, 1)
Ans: (7/ 2, 1/4)
201. Find the points on the curve 9 y 2 = x 3 , where the normal to the curve makes equal
intercepts with the axes . Ans: (4, 8 / 3), (4, -8 / 3)
202. Find the points on the curve y = x 3 at which the slope of the tangent is equal to the
y-coordinate of the point
Ans: (0, 0) , ( 3, 27)
x2 y2
203. (i) Find the points on the curve + = 1 at which the tangents are
4 25
(a)Parallel to the x-axis (b) parallel to the y-axis
Ans: (i) (a) ( 0, ±5 ) (b) ( ±2, 0 )

x2 y2
(ii) Find the points o n the curve − = 1 at which the tangents are
9 16
(a)Parallel to the x-axis (b) parallel to the y-axis
Ans. (ii) (a) no point (b) ( ±3, 0 )

204. (i) Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve y = −5 x 2 + 6 x + 7 at the point
(1 / 2, 35 / 4)
(ii)find the equation of the normal to the curve y = 2 x 3 − x 2 + 3 at (1, 4)
Ans: (i) 4 x − 4 y + 33 = 0 (ii) x + 4 y − 17 = 0
205. Find the equations of the tangent and the normal to the curve y = x 2 + 4 x + 1 at the point
whose x-coordinate is 3 .Ans: y = 10 x − 8, x + 10 y = 223
206. Find the equations of tangent and normal to the given curves at the points given:

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(i) y = x at (1, 1) (ii) y + 10 x − 5 = 0, x − 10 y + 50 = 0 y = x − 6 x + 13 x − 10 x + 5 at (0, 5)
3 4 3 2

Ans: (i) 3 x − y − 2 = 0, x + 3 y − 4 = 0 (ii) y + 10 x − 5 = 0, x − 10 y + 50 = 0

207. (i) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y 2 = 4ax at at 2 , 2at ( )
(ii) Find the equation of the normal to the curve y 2 = 4ax at ( at 2
, 2at )
Ans: (i) ty = x + at 2 (ii) k 2 = 512 y + tx = 2at + at 3
x2 y 2
208. (i) Show that the equation of tangent to the hyperbola − = 1 at ( x0 , y0 ) is
a 2 b2
xx0 yy0
− 2 =1
a2 b
x2
(ii)Find the equations of the tangent and the normal to the curve y 2 = at
3− x
(2, -2 )
Ans: 2 x + y − 2 = 0, x − 2 y − 6 = 0
⎛ a2 a2 ⎞
(iii) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve x + y = a at the point ⎜ , ⎟
⎝ 4 4⎠
Ans: 2 x + 2 y − a 2 = 0
(iv) Find the equation of the tangent and normal to the curve x 2/3 + y 2/3 = 2 at
(1, 1)
Ans: x + y − 2 = 0, x − y = 0
π
209. (i) find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = x − sin x cos x at x =
2
π
(ii)find the equation of the tangent to y = 4 + cos 2 x at x =
2
Ans: (i) 4 x − 2 y − π = 0 (ii) y − 4 = 0
1 + sin x π
210. (i) find the equation of the normal to the curve y = at x =
cos x 4
(ii)Find the equation of the normal to the curve y = 2 x + 3sin x at x = 0
3

π
Ans: (i) x + ( )
2 + 2 y −4−3 2 −
4
=0 (ii) x + 3 y = 0

211. Find the equation of the tangents to the given curves at the points given:
π
(i) x = θ + sin θ , y = 1 + cos θ at θ =
4
π
(ii) x = sin 3t , y = cos 2t at t =
4
π
(iii) x = a sin 3 t , y = b cos3 t at t =
2

(
Ans: (i) y = 1 − 2 x + ) ( 2 −1 ) π4 + 2
(ii) 3 y = 2 2 x − 2
(iii)y = 0

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212. (i) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = 3 x − 2 , which is parallel to the line
4x − 2 y + 5 = 0
(ii)Find the equation of the tangent lines to the curve y = 4 x 3 − 3 x + 5 which are
perpendicular to the line 9 y + x + 3 = 0
Ans: (i) 48 x − 24 y = 23 (ii) 9 x − y − 3 = 0, 9 x − y + 13 = 0
1
213. Find the equations of all lines having slope '− 1' that are tangents to the curve y =
x −1
Ans: x + y + 1 = 0, x + y − 3 = 0
214. Find the equations of all lines having slope 2 and that are tangents to the curve
1
y= Ans: no tangent
x−3
215. Find the equations of the normal to the curve y = x 3 + 2 x + 6 which are parallel to the line
x + 14 y + 4 = 0
Ans: x + 14 y − 254 = 0, x + 14 y + 86 = 0

( )
216. Find the equations of the tangent to the curve y = x 3 − 1 ( x − 2 ) at points, where the
curve cut the x-axis
Ans: 3 x + y − 3 = 0, 7 x − y − 14 = 0
217. Find the equation of the tangent line to the curve y = x 2 − 2 x + 7 which is :
(i) Parallel to the line 2 x − y + 9 = 0
(ii) perpendicular to the line 5 y − 15 x = 13
Ans: (i) 2 x − y + 3 = 0 (ii) 12 x + 36 y − 227 = 0
n n
x y ⎛x⎞ ⎛ y⎞
218. Show that + = 2 is the equation of the tangent ot the curve ⎜ ⎟ + ⎜ ⎟ = 2 at the
a b ⎝a⎠ ⎝b⎠
point (a, b , whatsoever may be the value of n.
219. Find the coordinates of the points on the curve y = x 2 + 3 x + 4, the tangent at which
passes through the origin. Ans: ( -2, 2) , (2, 14)
220. Find the equations of the tangent and the normal to the curve y ( x − 2) ( x − 3) − x + 7 = 0 at
the point where it cuts the x-axis . Ans; x − 20 y − 7 = 0, 20 x + y − 140 = 0
x y
221. Show that + = 1 is a tangent to the curve y = be− x / a at the point where the curve
a b
crosses the axis of y
222. The curve y = ax 3 + bx 2 + cx + 5 touches the x-axis at the point (-2, 0) and cuts the y-axis
at a point where its gradient is 3. Find a, b and c Ans: a = −1 / 2, b = −3 / 4, c = 3
223. Find the equation of the normal to the curve x 2 = 4 y which passes through the point
(1, 2) Ans: x + y − 3 = 0
224. Find the equation of tangent and normal at any point ‘ θ ’ at any point to the curve
x = a cos θ + aθ sin θ , y = a sin θ − aθ cos θ . Also show that the normal is at a constant
distance from the origin. Ans: x sin θ − y cos θ = aθ , x cos θ + y sin θ = a
225. Find the intervals in which the function f ( x) = 2 x 3 − 15 x 2 + 36 x + 1 is strictly increasing or
decreasing. Also find the points at which the tangents are parallel to the x-axis.
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Ans: strictly increasing on ( −∞, 2 ) , ( 3, ∞ ) and strictly decreasing on (2, 3). The required
points are (2, 29 ) and ( 3, 28)
226. Find the angle of intersection of the following curves:
(i) y = x 2 and x 2 + y 2 = 20 (ii) x 2 = 4 y and y 2 = 4 x
9 3
Ans: (i) tan −1 (ii) tan −1
2 4
227. Verify that (1, 1) is a point of intersection of the curves x 2 = y and x 3 + 6 y = 7 and show
that these curves cut orthogonally at this point.
228. Show that the curves 2 x 2 + y 2 = 20 and 4 y 2 − x 2 = 8 are orthogonal
229. Show that the curves 4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 45 and x 2 − 4 y 2 = 5 are orthogonal
230. If the curves ax 2 + by 2 = 1 and cx 2 + dy 2 = 1 intersects orthogonally, then show that
1 1 1 1
− = −
a b c d
231. show that the curves 2 x = y 2 and 2 xy = k cut at right angle if k 2 = 8
232. Show that the curves 4 x = y 2 and 4 xy = k cut at right angle if k 2 = 512
233. If the tangents to the curve y = x 3 + ax + b at (1, −6 ) is parallel to the line x − y + 5 = 0 .Find
the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ .Ans: a = 2, b = −7
234. The equation of tangent to the curve y 2 = ax3 + b at a point ( 2,3) is 4 x − y − 5 = 0 .Find the
values of a and b. Ans: a = 3, b = 1 .
235. Find the point on the curve 4 x 2 + 9 y 2 = 1 where the tangents are perpendicular to the line
⎛ 3 1 ⎞ ⎛ −3 1 ⎞
x + 2 y = 0 .Ans: ⎜ ,− ⎟,⎜ , ⎟.
⎝ 2 10 3 10 ⎠ ⎝ 2 10 3 10 ⎠

APPROXIMATION USING DIFFERENTILS

236. Find approximate value of f (5.001) if f ( x) = x 3 − 7 x 2 + 15 : Ans: −34.995

237. Find the approximate value of 0.0037 using differential. Ans: 0.06083
238. Find the approximate value of log e 9.01 given that log e 3 = 1.0986 .Ans: 2.1983
239. Find the approximate value of cos 61D using differential(given sin 60D = 0.86603 and
1D = 0.01745 ) .Ans: 0.48488
240. Find the approximate value of 103.01 using differential. Ans: 1023.026
1
241. Find the approximate values of the following (i) 49.7 (ii) 51 (iii) ( 0.999 )10
Ans: (i) 7.0478 (ii) 7.14142 (iii) 0.999 .
242. The radius of a sphere is measured as 6 cm with an error possibly as large as 0.03cm.
Find the approximation to the greatest possible error in the computed volume.
Ans : ±3.32π cm3 , ±1.5%
243. Find the approximate value of log16.34 given that log10 e = 0.4343 :Ans: 1.2134
244. Find the approximate value of log 0.256 ,given that log 0.5 = 1.6990 and log10 e = 0.4343

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Ans: 1.4084
245. Find the approximate value of sin 50D30′ ,given that sin 50D = 0.7660 and cos 50D = 0.6228
and 1D = 0.01745 ans: 0.7714 .
246. Find the approximate value of tan 30D 25′ given that tan 30D = 0.5774 and 1D = 0.01745
Ans: 0.5832
1
247. Evaluate using differential. Ans: 0.2495
( 2.002 )
2

MAXIMA AND MINIMA

248. Find local maximum and local minimum of the function f ( x ) = sin x − cos x, 0 < x < 2π
3π
Ans: x = is the point of local maxima and maximum value 2 ,point of local minimum
4
7π
is and minimum value is − 2 .
4
⎡ π π⎤
249. Find local maximum and minimum value of the function f ( x) = sin 2 x − x, ⎢ − , .
⎣ 2 2 ⎥⎦
π −3 3 π π −3 3 π
Ans: = local minimum value at x = − and maximum value − at x = .
6 6 6 6
250. Find the local maxima and minima of the function 2sin x + sin 2 x, ∀x ∈ [ 0, 2π ] .

3 3 π 3 3 5π
Ans:Local maximum at x = and local minimum − at x = .
2 3 2 3
251. Find local maximum and local minimum values of the function 2 x 3 − 21x 2 + 36 x − 20
.Ans:Local maximum is −3 at x = 1 and local minimum is −128 at x = 6 .
252. Find local maximum and local minimum values of the function f ( x) = ( x − 2 ) ( x + 1)
4 3
.
4 3
⎛ 12 ⎞ ⎛ 9 ⎞ 2
Ans: Local maximum value is ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ at x = and local minimum is 0 at x = 2 .
⎝ 7 ⎠ ⎝7⎠ 7
253. Find the local maximum and local minimum values of the function f ( x) = − ( x − 1) ( x + 1)
3 2

3456 1
.Ans: local maximum value is at x = − and local minimum is 0 at x = −1 .
3125 5
254. Find local maximum and local minimum values of the function f ( x) = x 3 ( x − 1) .Ans:local
2

108 3
maximum is at x = and local minimum value is 0 at x = 1
3125 5
255. Find the values of local maximum and local minimum of the function
f(x) = 2x3 + 3x2 – 120x + 24 ∀x∈ [ -6 , 5] .Ans: Maximum: 449 at x=-5 ,Minimum:-280 at
x=4.
ABSOLUTE MAXIMA AND MINIMA
256. Find absolute maximum and minimum value of the function f ( x) = 3 x 4 − 2 x 3 − 6 x 2 + 6 x + 1
.Ans: Absolute maximum is 21 at x = 2 and absolute minimum value is 1 at x=0.

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257. Find absolute maximum and absolute minimum values of the function
2 2
f ( x) = x + ( x − 2 ) 3 in the interval [ 0, 2] .Ans: Absolute maximum is 2 at x=1 an absolute
3

2
minimum is 2 at x = 0, 2 .
3

258. Determine the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values of the function
3 π
2 cos 2 x − cos 4 x, 0 ≤ x ≤ π .Ans: Absolute maximum value is at x = and absolute
2 6
π
minimum is −3 at x = .
2
259. Find absolute maximum and absolute minimum value of the function x + sin 2 x in the
interval [ 0, 2π ] .Ans: Absolute maximum is 6.29 at x = 2π and absolute minimum is 0 at
x=0.
260. It is given that at x = 1 ,the function x 4 − 62 x 2 + ax + 9 attains its maximum value in the
interval [ 0, 2] .find the value of ‘a’.Ans:120.
261. Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values of the function
3 x 4 − 8 x 3 + 12 x 2 − 48 x + 25 in the interval [ 0,3] .Ans: Absolute maximum is 25 at x = 0
,absolute minimum is −39 at x = 2 .
262. Find both maximum value and ,minimum value of
f(x) = 3x4 – 8x3 +12x2 – 48x + 1 in the interval [1 , 4 ]. Ans: Maximum value is 257 at x = 4
and minimum is -63 at x=2 .

263. Find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values of the function
5 π
f(x) = Cos2x+ Sin x ,∀ x∈ [ 0 ,π ].Ans: Maximum: at x = ,Minimum:1 at x = 0, π
4 6

PRACTICAL PROBLEMS

264. The manufacturing cost of an item consists of Rs.900 on overheads, the material cost
x
Rs.3 per item and labor cost is Rs. for x items produced. How many items must be
100
produced to have minimum average function? Ans :x=300 items
2
265. The demand function of a factory is given by x = ( 21 − p ) ,where x is the number of units
3
demanded and p is the price per unit.Find (i) the revenue function R(x), and (ii) the price
and number of units demanded for which revenue is maximum. Ans: p = 10.5, x = 7 .
266. Show that among the rectangles of given perimeter ,the square has the greatest area.
267. Show that the rectangle of maximum area that can be inscribed in a circle of radius r is a
square of side r 2 .
268. Find the equation of the line through the point ( 3, 4 ) which cuts from the first quadrant a
triangle of minimum area. Ans: 4 x + 3 y − 24 = 0
269. If the length of three sides of a trapezium other than base are equal to 10cm, then find
the area of the trapezium when it is maximum. Ans: 75 3sq units
270. Prove that the perimeter of a right-angled triangle of given hypotenuse is maximum when
the triangle is isosceles.

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271. A point on the hypotenuse of a triangle is at a distances a and b from the sides of the
3
⎛ 2 ⎞
2 2
triangle. Show that the maximum length of the hypotenuse is ⎜ a 3 + b 3 ⎟ .
⎝ ⎠
272. Show that the isosceles triangle of maximum area that can be inscribed in a given circle
is an equilateral triangle.
x2 y2
273. Find the maximum area of an isosceles inscribed in the ellipse + = 1 with its vertex
a 2 b2
3 3
at one end of the major axis. Ans: sq units
4
274. A jet of an enemy is flying along a curve y = x 2 + 2 .A soldier is placed at the point ( 3, 2 )
.What is the nearest distance between the Soldier and the Jet? Ans: 5 units.
275. A rectangular sheet o tin 45cm by 24cm is to be made into a box without top, by cutting
off squares from the corners and folding up the flaps. What should be the side of the
square to be cut off so that the volume of the open box is maximum. Ans: x = 5 cm.
276. A window has the shape of a rectangle surmounted by an equilateral triangle. If the
perimeter of the window is 12m, find the dimensions of the rectangle that will produce the
12 18 − 6 3
largest area of the window. Ans: , .
6− 3 6− 3
277. A figure consists of a semi-circle ,with a rectangular base on its diameter . Given
perimeter of the figure ,find the dimensions in order that the area may be maximum. Ans:
2P P
, ,where P is the perimeter.
π +4 π +4
278. A wire of length 28 m is to be cut into two pieces. One of the pieces is to be made into a
circle and the other into a square. Where should the wire cut so that the combined area is
28π
minimum? Ans: x = .
π +4
279. The cost of fuel for running a train is proportional to the square of the speed generated in
kilometers per hour and costs Rs. 48 per hour ,at 16 km per hour. What is the most
economical speed. If the fixed charge is Rs. 300 per hour.Ans:40 km/hr.
280. An open box with a square base is to be made out of a given quantity of sheet of area a 2
a3
.Show that the maximum volume of the box is .
6 3
281. Show that the height of a closed right circular cylinder of given surface and maximum
volume is equal to the diameter of its base.
282. A given quantity of metal is to be cast into solid half circular cylinder. Show that in order
that the total surface area may be minimum ,the ratio of the cylinder to the diameter of its
circular ends is π : π + 2 .
283. Show that the semi-vertical angle of the cone of the maximum volume and of given slant
height is tan −1 2 .
284. Show that the right circular cone of least curved surface and given volume has an
altitude equal to 2 times the radius of the base.
285. Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a
2R
sphere of radius R is .
3
286. Show that the height of the cone of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a sphere of
4
radius R is R.
3
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8
287. Show that the volume of the largest cone that can be inscribed in a sphere is of the
27
volume of the sphere.
288. Show that the height of the cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed in a cone
1
of height H is H.
3
289. Show that the volume of the greatest cylinder which can br inscribed in a cone of height
4
h and semi-vertical angle θ is π h3 tan 2 α .
27
⎛ x2 ⎞
290. The total cost of daily out put of x units of an item is Rs. ⎜ − 3x 2 + 50 x ⎟ .find the out put
⎝ 10 ⎠
level at which the average cost is minimum. Verify that at this level the average cost and
the marginal cost are same .Ans: 15.
291. The rate of working of an engine is given by the function
6000
f (V ) = 15V + , 0 < V < 30 ,Where V is the speed of the engine. Find the value of V for
V
which the rate of working of the engine is least. Ans:20
v2
292. The total cost per hour for running a ship is 3.75 + ,where v is the speed in kilo
1800
meters per hour. What value of the speed will make the total cost of the voyage of 1000
kilometers , a minimum? Ans: 15 km/hr.
293. The cost of fuel for running a bus is proportional to the square of the spee generated in
km/hr. It costs Rs. 45 per hour when the bus is moving at a speed of 20 km/hr. What is
50
the most economical speed if the fixed charges are Rs. 100 per hour? Ans: km/hr.
3
294. Let Ap and PQ be two vertical poles at points A and B respectively. If AP=16m ,BQ=22m
and AB=20m ,then find the distance of a point R on AB from the point A such that
RP 2 + RQ 2 is minimum.Ans:10m.
295. Find the altitude of a right circular cone of maximum curved surface which can be
4
inscribed in a sphere of radius r. Ans: r.
3
296. Prove that the radius of the right circular cylinder of greatest curved surface which can
be inscribed in a given cone is half of that of the cone.
297. Show that maximum volume of the cylinder which can be inscribed in a sphere of radius
5 3 cm is 500π cm3.

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