EXTRACTION AND APPLICATION OF HIBISCUS ROSA SINENSIS

FLOWERS AND LEAVES IN COTTON FABRIC

N.Saranya

Abstract

A natural dye has been tried with the Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis flowers and leaves extract
on cotton fabric. Both the flowers and leaves of hibiscus bush can be used to produce a lovely
reddish Hibiscus dye. Methods such as Ultrasonic Automiser and Padding Mangle were
followed for dying. Treated sample has moderate to fair colour fastness properties. Physical and
mechanical properties of the treated samples seemed to be good.

1 Introduction asthmatic agents. Many chemical

Textiles have been made and used by
every culture through history. The idea of
textiles their function and meaning can vary
considerably from culture, (Phipps
2011).Originally the word “textile” meant
“simply woven fabric” the meaning has
changed over the years and the word is now
used more generally. A textile can be any
fiber, yarn, or other material that can be
made into fabrics. Natural fibers are
extracted from plants, such as cotton and
flax or animals, like wool. Textiles are
materials made from fibers or yarns. There
are many different kinds of textile fabrics
such as nylon and lycra. People have made
textiles for thousands of years. People make
textiles for clothes, furniture, and many
other things. Every part of the world has
special types of textiles, (Thomas 2012).
The plant Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis
belongs to the family Malvaceae.
Traditionally the flowers can be used as anti
constituents such as cyaniding, quercetin,
hentriacontane, calcium oxalate, thiamine,
riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acids have
been isolated from this plant. The petals
have some protective mechanism against
microbial attack in most of the plants. The
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis flower petals of a
large number of plant species growing in the
vicinity of our environment were screened
for their antimicrobial activity, (Ruban
2012).
Hibiscus is high in bioflavonoid and
rich in vitamin C. bioflavonoid are not
produced naturally in the human body and
instead are absorbed by consuming plants
that contain the contain the beneficial water-
soluble compound. The bioflavonoid in
hibiscus can be useful for treating bruises
and swelling, colds, flu, (Vincent 2011).
Plant-based medicines enjoy a respectable
position today, especially in developing
countries, where modern health service is
limited. Indigenous remedies that are
effective, safe, and inexpensive are gaining
popularity among the people of both rural
and urban areas, (Kadolph J 2009),
Considering above facts the
investigator selected the research work on
the topic, “Extraction and Application of
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis Flowers and Leaves
in Cotton Fabric” with following objectives.
 To optimize the extraction and dying
processes for applying hibiscus
flower and leaf extracts as a dying
agent.
 To evaluate the dyed cotton fabric.
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Selection of Fabric
Cotton fabric is known for its unique
properties like absorbance which promotes
the fabric to be a part of many medical
textiles. Therefore a antimicrobial finish on
cotton add value to the white dead fiber and
economy as a whole.
2.2 Preparation of Fabric
Desizing is the process in which the
size applied to the warp yarn before weaving
is removed to facilitate the penetration of
dyes and chemicals in the subsequent wet
processing operations, (Karmakar, 1999).
Considering there facts cotton fabric weight
250gms was taken and dipped in 20 liters of
water with 70 grams of detergent powder at
temperature of 60˚C for one hour. After one
hour the fabric was taken out and rinsed
thoroughly and dried in shade by the
investigator.
2.3 Selection of Source
The Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis flower
and leaves is collected from the local
market. The flower and leaves were cleaned,
washed and dried under shade. The dried
flower and leaves were powdered together.
2.4 Methods of Extraction
A total of 30g of Hibiscus Rosa
Sinensis flower and leaves powder was
weighted and taken in a soxlet tube. A little
cotton is inserted in the extraction tube and
above the cotton, Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis
flower and leaves powder is added. 300ml of
ethanol solvent is added in the bottom flask
of soxlet extractor. Then soxlet temperature
is set to 40° C and the extractor is switched
on, the process is carried out for 24 hrs. This
process is repeated for five times.
3 Fabric Treatment with Hibiscus Rosa
Sinensis flower and leaves Extract
3.1 Ultrasonic Automiser
Wide Track ultrasonic spray systems
apply performance textile finishing’s,
including flame retardant coatings, water
and oil repellent coatings, anti-microbial,
and anti-stain finishes. Ultrasonic spray
replaces inefficient dip or padding methods
with uniform thin film ultrasonic textile
coatings. Wide Track systems are designed pick up or percent expression is calculated
to fully integrate with existing as follows:
manufacturing lines, and have been proven W ₁−W ₀
Percentage expression ¿ x 100
W₀
worldwide in high volume textile
Where W₁= weight of the fabric after
manufacturing. Therefore Ultrasonic
Automiser has been used for finishing on padding, and W₀= weight of the fabric

cotton fabric. Few amount of solvent is before padding (Kim, 2011).

passed through the Ultrasonic Automiser Finishes are often pad applied to

sprayer tube for cleaning the tube. After that dyed or printed fabrics after a drying step. In

the Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis flower and this method, dry fabric is passed through the

leaves extract is filled in the beaker of the chemical finish solution and the process is

Ultrasonic Automiser. Then the extract is called ‘wet on dry’ process. The wet pickup

pumped and passed through the sprayer of a chemical solution in a pad mangle is

finally the Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis flower influenced by many factors such as fabric

and leaves extract is sprayed evenly on to characteristics machine settings or emulsion

the fabric. Then the fabric is dried in shade. properties.

4 Nomenclatures
3.2 Padding Mangle
The nomenclature used for this study is
In order to obtain consistent
expressed in table I
chemical application, the nip pressure
Table I
should be uniform across the fabric width.
The solution level and temperature in the
pad should be constant and the fabric speed
should not vary throughout the application
process (Schindler et al., 2004). The
finishing solution was prepared by mixing
the solvent extract (20 ml/l) with liquor ratio
1:80. The cotton fabric was placed in the
finishing solution and there for 20 min. then
the fabric was taken out and padded in the
padding mangle with 80% wet pick up to get
an even distribution of finishing and was
then air dried at room temperature. The wet
 Change in colour
S.N Nomenclature Abbreviation
5 Results and Discussion o
S. Samp Crocking
No le Washi Pressi
The general appearance of the 1 Leaf extract treated fabric Dr We
ngby Ultrasonic ngUL
Automiser method y t
fabric was excellent in the entire
sample. The texture of the fabric was 2 1. extract
Flower UL 4 by Ultrasonic
treated fabric 5 4 4UF
Automiser method
rated as soft. The brilliancy of colour
2. UF 5 5 4 5
was excellent. Evenness of the fabric 3 Leaf extract treated fabric by Padding Mangle PL

was also rated be even. Fabric weight 3. PL method4 5 4 4

and thickness of the fabric increased in 4 Flower4.

all sample. The strength in warp and
weft direction increased irrespectively.
Elongation of the fabric decreased in both
warp and weft direction. The abrasion
resistance of the fabric increased in the
entire sample after treatment. Treated
sample showed slight and no pilling.
Stiffness of the fabric increased in all treated
fabric in both warp and weft direction. The
crease recovery increased gradually in warp
and reduced in weft direction of the entire
samples. Drapability of the fabric improved
in the finished sample. Wicking property in
warp and weft direction has increased.
The absorbency rate is increased in
the entire sample when subjected to sinking
test and drop test.
5.1 Colour Fastness Test
The results obtained from the
color fastness tests are presented in Table II
TABLE II
extract PF
treated fabric5by Padding
5 Mangle4 5PF
method
5 Excellent 4 Fair
From the table it is clear that both
the flower samples UF and PF showed
excellent (5) color fastness property to
washing, crocking (Dry) and Crocking
(Wet) showed fair (4) color fastness
property. Color fastness to pressing was
noted to be excellent (5) in both the samples.
Leaves samples UL and PL
showed fair (4) color fastness property to
washing, crocking (Wet) and Crocking
(Dry) showed excellent (5) color fastness
property. Color fastness to pressing was
noted to be fair (4) in both the samples.
Hence it could be concluded that the
dye fabric with Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis
flowers and leaves in cotton fabric showed
adherence of color to the fabric with
excellent and fair color fastness properties.
Recommendations
 Micro encapsulation of Hibiscus Rosa

COLOR FASTNESS OF FABRIC Sinensis flowers and leaves powder could be

tried for textile finishing.
 Medical textile products could be developed
with Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis flowers and
leaves extract treated fabric.
Acknowledgement

The author wish to thank South

Indian Textile Research Association
(SITRA) And South Indian Mills
Association (SIMA), for providing the
library facilities.
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