Development of Music in the Philippines

 Music in the Early times

o The music and words of songs were passed on through oral traditions
without the use of notation.
o Music is typically associated with religion and the supernatural, and
secular music usually exist in a subordinate.
 Music during the Greek Period
o The Greek added something new to what was basically music with an
oriental origin.
o Like the Orientals, the Greek had a variety of melodic steps: harmonic and
chromatic.
 Middle Ages
o During the middle ages, the majority of music produced was sacred
because only the monks could write.
o Church music at the start was merely vocal – sung by priest, a unison
choir, and soloist.
 Modern Period on Music
o By the 19th century, thought insisted upon more freedom for the
individuals; literature, art and music became a more personal expression
of the artist’s own view of life rather than of his nation.

Development of Literature in the Philippines

 The Early Period of Philippines Literature (1900 – 1930)

o English and American Literature was introduced in Philippine schools by
the Thomasite teachers who replaced the American soldier-teacher.
o Famous writers that became the models of the early Filipino writer:
 Chaucer
 Milton
 Shakespeare
 Emerson
 Poe
 Longfellow
 Shelly
 Joyce
 Tennyson
 The Middle Period of Philippine Literature (1930 – 1960)
o During the period, Philippine Literature in English had tremendously
improved particularly in essay, short story and poetry.
o The literary style of the essay improved during the Japanese occupation,
but after 1945 the essay turned to nationalism and politics as its theme.

 The Modern Period of Philippine Literature

 o The modern period, which referred to as contemporary period, is
characterized by growing sense of nationalism and by a deeper search for
identity (Abuan, 2000), because literary works were aimed for socio-
political reforms due to the country’s emerging political and social
problems and issues.
o Filipino essayist like Francisco Arcellana, Renato Constantino, Carlos
Quirino, Teodoro Valencia, among others, have written essays that
focused on injustices, moral corruption and socio-economic reforms.

Development of Dance in the Philippines

The History of Dancing in Philippines

 Dance is an integral part of Filipino culture that dates to the period before Ferdinand
Magellan stepped foot in the Philippines. The traditional dances of the Filipinos are
vibrant and colorful, capturing the history of the archipelago.

Before the Spanish

Various tribes were scattered across the more than 7,000 islands, each with its own
unique traditions and dances. The Igorot tribes lived in the mountains of Luzon; a
handful of these tribes still reside in the mountains, having successfully resisted
Spanish colonization.
 Voyage to Mindanao
o In the 12th century, traders and seafarers came to the Philippines long
before the Spanish, bringing the Islamic faith with them. The inhabitants of
the southern region converted to Islam, incorporating their new religion
into the fabric of their existing culture. The dances of the Muslims, known
as Moros, are alluring and colorful.
 Maria Clara
 Three centuries of Spanish rule left an imprint on the Filipinos. Many of
them were converted to Catholicism and forced to take Spanish
surnames.
 Barrio Fiesta
 After toiling in the rice paddies, countryside farmers would gather to sing
and dance. These dances revolve around everyday items, such as
glasses, candles, benches, hats and bamboo poles. Because the dances
are a celebration, they are often referred to as "a barrio fiesta."
 The National Dance
 Tinikling, the national dance, is considered the oldest of the Philippine
folk dances. The dance, which comes from the countryside, takes its
name and movements from the "tinikling" bird as it roams between grass
steams, crushes tree branches and avoids traps set by rice farmers.

List of Philippine Folk Dance

The history of Philippine folk dancing incorporates influences from immigrants and
conquerors while at the same time maintaining distinctly Filipino roots. Philippine folk
dancing is a true reflection of daily life in past centuries while enchanting modern audiences
at the same time.

 Tinikling - One of the oldest traditional Filipino dances, the Tinikling dance, or
bamboo dance, is performed using long bamboo poles.
 Cariñosa - The cariñosa is a much-loved folk dance in the Philippines. Spanish
in origin, it is regarded as a national dance by scholars, and the characteristic
shy behavior of the female dancer is said to represent the mannerisms of
Philippina women.
 Itik – itik - is popular in visayan settlers of surigao del norte and this particular
dance is similar to duck movement with the imagery of short choppy steps and
splashing water onto it's back while attracting a mate.
 Sayaw sa Bangko - Sayaw ed Tapew na Bangko (dance on top of a bench), is a
dance which originates from Pangasinan and researched by Jovita Sison. It is
performed by a couple on a narrow bench, inching and hopping from one end to
another.
 Binausan - dance derived its name from a Pangasinan phrase that literally
translates to mean "with the use of a drinking glass."
 Pandanggo sa ilaw - Pandanggo sa ilaw / Oasis Origin: Lubang Island,
Mindoro (Visayas) This popular dance of grace and balance comes from
Lubang Island, Mindoro in the Visayas region.
 Maglalatik - Maglalatik or Magbabao is a war dance representing in a picture a
battle between the Moros and the Christian over the latik, the remainder left after
the coconut milk has been boiled.
 Kuratsa - The Kuratsa is actually remarkably popular with this Visayan man and
women specially this Waray man and women of the Western Visayas region in
the Philippines and illustrates every critical special occasion inside Western
Visayas residential areas.
 Polkabal - The dance got its name from two popular dances in the late 1800s:
the polka and balse (waltz).
 Habanera - The Habanera Botolena is a dance that got its start in Cuba. It is a
mix of Cuban, Spanish and African rhythms and dance moves.

Development of Motion Picture in the Philippines

Motion Picture - Series of still photographs on film, projected in rapid succession onto
a screen. Motion pictures are filmed with a movie camera, which makes rapid
exposures of people or objects in motion, and shown with a movie projector, which
reproduces sound synchronized with the images.

Art in the Cordillera Region and Muslim South

ARTS AND CRAFTS OF CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION (CAR)

 TINALIK BASKET A basket made from rattan.
 KALINGA TEXTILE Characterized by red stripes and white, yellow and black
geometrical pattern.
 LABBA A bowl-shaped basket made from rattan.
 APO WHANG - OD The last “mambabatok” or traditional kalinga tattoo artist.
 BUL-UL A wooden sculpture that represents the rice granary spirits.
 LINGLING-O An Ifugao amulet that are fertility symbols worn around the neck.
 HANGING COFFINS
 KADANGYAN CLOTH A burial cloth for rich people and only grandmothers are
allowed to weave it during olden times.
 IKAT A weaving method of tying and dyeing the threads to prepare the patterns
before they are woven into the textile.
 WANES (G-string) The men’s traditional attire.
 LUFID Woman’s wrap around
 GINASPALAWANES A belt worn by married woman of Bontoc.
 TINGGUIANS TEXTILE Noted for their white textiles with horizontal stripes found
in the edges or vertical stripes in the center.